蹉跎半生慕容垂是不世出的名将，谋略非凡。但他六十岁之前，一直辗转蹉跎，寄人篱下。青年时代，也曾经意气风发。十六岁起，随父亲慕容皝上战场，南征北战，屡立战功。受到父亲喜爱，但也被哥哥慕容儁隐隐妒忌。到了三十多岁的中年，哥哥慕容儁在位，便遭到刻意打压。改名风波前面讲过，仅仅名声上受点愚弄还则罢了，但皇后可足浑氏煽风点火，把慕容垂恩爱娇妻段氏，诬陷以巫蛊之事。慕容儁趁机发作，将段氏下狱拷问，直至折磨致死。段氏刚烈，始终不肯屈服，最终惨死狱中，这时段氏两个儿子慕容令、慕容宝尚年幼，便遭此大难，令人唏嘘。慕容垂不忘旧情，娶了段氏的妹妹为妻，又被皇后可足浑氏废黜，非逼着慕容垂娶自己的妹妹。慕容垂黯然神伤，但人在檐下不得不低头，也只好屈从。慕容暐继位后，皇后可足浑氏和慕容评勾结，进一步打压慕容垂。纵使哥哥慕容恪全力回护，但慕容垂的处境仍十分艰难，只能韬光养晦，噤若寒蝉。我们讲过，慕容恪最大的失误，就是死后没有将权力直接交给慕容垂。他恪守臣节，虽泣血上奏，但没有用权力强硬的安排。慕容恪死后，慕容垂处境就岌岌可危了。但慕容垂仍以国事为重，在桓温北伐，朝廷震恐之时，主动请缨，并击败桓温，取得枋头大捷。功高震主之下，更造奸人妒忌，甚至欲杀之而后快。慕容垂与儿子们密谋，借打猎为由，逃回故都龙城，远离京城是非。刚到邯郸，慕容垂幼子慕容麟，竟然向慕容评告发亲爹，慕容评派兵追杀。遭遇儿子背叛的慕容垂，走投无路之下，只好带着段氏夫人，诸子一同投奔前秦。当然，夫人可足浑氏、幼子慕容麟被留在了前燕。史书记载，慕容麟是慕容垂侍婢所生，素来不为父亲所宠爱。但综合史料分析，未必是儿女情长的问题，慕容麟母子很有可能与慕容垂夫人可足浑氏是一伙，作为皇太后可足浑氏的耳目，日常监视慕容垂，所以才有不和及告密之举。可以看出，慕容垂不但在朝中处境艰难，家中也颇有难言之隐。慕容垂总算逃离了亲族的魔爪，携家带口投奔了苻坚，可好日子并没有到来。苻坚是当世大善人，对慕容垂是倾心相待。但苻坚身边，还有个目光犀利、擅唱黑脸的王猛。王猛当然看出慕容垂非久居人下之人，因此暗劝苻坚除掉他。苻坚日常对王猛言听计从，但他爱才如命，这事当然是不同意了。王猛见苻坚不忍，于是心生“金刀毒计”。苻坚派王猛率军讨伐前燕，王猛向苻坚请求，以熟悉国情地形为由，请慕容垂的爱子慕容令做参军，苻坚自然同意。大军出征前，慕容垂邀请王猛赴宴，酒酣耳热之际，王猛要和慕容垂结拜为兄弟，慕容垂欣然允诺。王猛送给慕容垂一方镇纸做信物，慕容垂回赠家传金刀给王猛。然后大军开拔，到达洛阳后，王猛收买了一小吏金熙，让他到慕容令帐中，出示金刀，然后假传慕容垂的密令，让慕容令逃回前燕，说自己也已启程回国，父子二人燕国相会。慕容令见到金刀，金熙又曾在慕容府中做事，因此深信不疑，连夜逃亡前燕。王猛见金刀计得逞，马上上表朝廷，说大战在即，慕容垂父子阴谋叛国，慕容令已逃回前燕，必须严惩。慕容垂在京城，听闻被参劾的消息，真如祸从天降。他也不知道慕容令为何要叛逃，连辩解都不知从何辩起，也只好出逃，结果被追兵抓住押回京城。王猛一生光明磊落，诸葛武侯一般人物，唯独此计之歹毒，也是颇损阴德。但王猛绝不是因为个人妒忌或者私怨而陷害慕容垂，纯粹是为国家利益。王猛谋国之忠，无愧于心，不损盛名。可惜王猛机关算尽，还是少算了一招，就是苻坚的仁德之心。在这种情况下，苻坚居然立刻赦免了慕容垂，还替慕容垂找理由，说慕容令心系故国，本也无可厚非，跟其他人无关，不应该受到牵连。此言一出，王猛和慕容垂估计都集体懵圈了，一个暗自捶胸顿足，一个暗叹逃过一劫。但这边三大高人斗法，最惨的却是逃走的慕容令。慕容令逃回前燕，一看父亲根本没跟过来，也直接懵圈了。前燕朝廷本来就不信任慕容垂父子，一看这情况也懵圈了，不知道他们葫芦里卖的什么药，直接把慕容令流放沙城。路上慕容令欲三次反叛，偷袭龙城，告密小王子慕容麟又出来告密了，结果慕容令事败被杀。慕容垂痛失爱子，这事也给后燕的覆灭埋下隐患。但到了这个时候，苻坚、慕容垂、慕容令、前燕朝廷，恐怕都还不知道王猛的“金刀毒计”，都被耍的跟猴似的。直到王猛灭亡前燕，苻坚带着慕容垂入邺城，还乡团回到家乡，有冤报冤，有仇报仇。慕容垂大仇得报，把告密的不孝子慕容麟流放，杀掉其母。回到故土，见到故人之后，慕容垂恐怕才能完整的理清王猛的毒计，一边为爱子丧命而伤痛，一边为金刀计之歹毒不寒而栗。后面王猛仍不死心，还策动过针对慕容氏的计谋，都是倚仗苻坚的仁德，谣言一概不信，慕容氏安堵如常。慕容垂每天都生活在不安中，谨言慎行。万幸，王猛没几年就死了，慕容垂总算能喘口气了。王猛死后，苻坚身边缺少了提醒的人，苻坚又犯了致命错误，出兵攻打东晋。慕容垂是不世出的名将，隐忍了半辈子，他的历史机会终于来了。一、豪迈复国前秦统一北方，苻坚如日中天，决定举国之兵灭亡东晋，淝水之战拉开序幕。苻坚的决策，举朝上下都强烈反对，只有慕容垂和姚苌两人坚决支持。苻坚已经膨胀到了自我蒙蔽，连这两个人支持都没有引起警惕。慕容垂和姚苌都是枭雄，对天下大势洞若观火。他们的见识不可能不如朝中那些大臣，说明此时都已经怀有异心。淝水兵败之时，慕容垂的部队完整无损，苻坚带领残兵逃往慕容垂营中。慕容垂的儿子慕容宝、弟弟慕容德都劝他趁机除掉苻坚，慕容垂不忍背信弃义，护送苻坚回京。但到了渑池，慕容垂就申请回到前燕故都邺城，参拜陵墓，以安戎狄。慕容垂这一走，可谓蛟龙入海，猛虎归山，再不受制于人。其实慕容垂早生二心，但不选择在苻坚落难时落井下石，报答了苻坚之恩，然后再光明正大的出走并独立，可谓君子之风。这一年，慕容垂五十九岁。慕容垂来到邺城，首先面对苻坚长子苻丕。苻丕时年三十一岁，在苻坚儿子中，也是阅历丰富的大将。此时前秦帝国摇摇欲坠，符丕和慕容垂互相提防，但尚未撕破脸，处于面和心不和的对峙状态。双方手下都劝自己主公除掉对方，但苻丕和慕容垂都未轻举妄动。邺城是前燕旧都，慕容垂联络前燕旧部，暗中酝酿复国。此时洛阳附近丁零人翟斌起兵叛秦，苻丕派慕容垂去平叛。苻丕给了慕容垂两千兵马，并派部将苻飞龙率氐族骑兵一千为慕容垂副将，实际是派苻飞龙监视慕容垂。部队行进至河内，慕容垂在当地募兵，几天便募集八千人，这样就对苻飞龙部队形成了压制性的优势。时机成熟后，慕容垂终于亮出了虎爪。全歼苻飞龙的部队。与前秦彻底决裂后，慕容垂开赴洛阳，并收服翟斌部众。然后引兵入荥阳，自称大将军、大都督、燕王，大封部曲，发布独立宣言。此时各方来集，慕容垂众至二十万，实力大增。慕容垂率军攻邺，并劝符丕自行撤离。从慕容垂短期内就能聚众数十万，可见前燕慕容氏在当地仍非常有号召力。苻坚未加详审，就派慕容垂回到故地，实在是信赖过度了。此时慕容垂给苻坚上了封奏章，这封信写的可谓天下奇文。总体意思，上来先说我慕容垂受您苻坚大恩，天高地厚，没齿难忘。但是我在淝水之战前后，已经报答过您的恩情了，对得起皇天后土。我来到前燕故地，受到符丕的猜忌和攻击，但归附者如云，可见我欲独立恢复燕国，这是天意所趋，好比周武王与诸侯会于孟津，汉高祖与诸侯会于垓下，已如秋风扫落叶一般。请陛下让苻丕尽快撤离邺城，把城池让给我，否则大兵一起，伤了符丕，也就伤了陛下之心。把背主自立说的如此清新脱俗，把流氓嘴脸说的如此义正辞严，真是绝妙好文。但这也是我最欣赏慕容垂之处，他不假。该仁德的时候就仁德，该流氓的时候就流氓。苻坚看到奏章，鼻子都气歪了，回信痛骂慕容垂一番，说你这孙子还敢自比周武王，你也配，我算养了个白眼狼。可惜鞭长莫及，也只能逞逞嘴上的痛快了。二、傲视关东慕容垂围攻邺城，符丕苦苦守城。燕军杀死苻坚派来援助的石越、毛当，然后平定内部翟斌的反叛，攻破邺城的外城，围困中城。符丕不是慕容垂的对手，只好联络东晋的谢玄。谢玄派北府军首领刘牢之支援，攻打慕容垂。结果慕容垂先败后胜，击溃北府军，刘牢之单骑逃走。等长安陷落，苻坚被姚苌所杀，最终符丕独木难支，只好放弃邺城，逃亡并州。慕容垂如愿以偿，重返邺城，成功复国。公元386年，慕容垂称帝，建立后燕。复国之后数年间，慕容垂东征西讨，击败高句丽，征服贺兰部，攻灭翟魏、西燕，力压东晋，几乎恢复前燕鼎盛时期的版图，傲视关东。就在后燕国势达到极盛之时，慕容垂已经年近七旬了。但正是在鲜花着锦，烈火烹油的高潮，后燕内部的重大隐患也逐渐暴露出来，就是继承人问题。慕容家人才济济，但内斗起来也是无穷无尽。慕容垂从少年时起，就被迫卷入慕容家的内斗，过得痛苦不堪。慕容垂复国的过程，弟弟慕容德，儿子慕容宝、慕容麟、慕容农、慕容隆，侄子慕容楷、慕容绍等等，不是出谋划策，就是带兵征伐，立下汗马功劳。但立功的同时，也留下隐患。在四方强敌相继消灭之后，这些子弟们各自拥兵一方。这时候，慕容垂年事已高，选择一个优秀的，能压制住兄弟叔伯的继承人，就显得非常紧迫了。慕容垂的阿喀琉斯之踵，是原配夫人段氏（后被追封成昭皇后）。前面讲过段氏被陷害，慕容垂不忍妻子受罪，就暗中派人劝妻子招供，但段氏为了保护丈夫不受牵连，硬是宁死不屈，最终惨死狱中。慕容垂对发妻感情深厚，他称帝后将已死的可足浑氏废黜为平民，然后选了个没有儿子的段昭仪配享慕容儁，也算为发妻报仇雪恨。成昭皇后有两个儿子，慕容令、慕容宝，母亲去世时都还小。慕容垂又娶了段氏的妹妹，段氏（后被谥为成哀皇后），作为两个儿子的继母。颠沛流离中，这两个儿子一直是慕容垂最为疼爱的。长子慕容令骁勇刚毅，多谋善断，有伯父慕容恪之遗风，可惜死在王猛“金刀毒计”之手。慕容宝就比哥哥差多了，优柔寡断，喜好奉承。但慕容垂怀念发妻，称帝后还是立了慕容宝为太子，并且着力培养，让他练习总掌朝政。继母成哀皇后劝慕容垂废太子而立慕容农或慕容隆，慕容垂不为所动。慕容垂一生纵横天下，即使王猛的毒计、淝水的大败中，都能屹立不倒，唯独对这个儿子，看走眼了。其实他内心也深深忧虑慕容宝难以服众，但想起对自己恩深义重的发妻，就不忍废除太子。当已近古稀之年，天下局势大定之后，慕容垂做了最后两件事。第一件是将慕容宝的庶子慕容会，确定为第三代接班人。慕容宝出兵北伐，派慕容会代替他总掌朝政，待遇同太子一样。第二件是派慕容宝讨伐北魏。北魏是在前秦灭亡时，重新崛起的北方强国，是鲜卑族拓跋氏之国，领袖拓跋珪。当后燕强大时，拓跋珪主动派使者到后燕通好，但实际也是侦查后燕的虚实，准备等慕容垂去世后，再动手攻打后燕。到了慕容垂灭西燕时，拓跋珪出兵援助西燕的慕容永，慕容垂非常恼火。公元395年，太子慕容宝怂恿慕容垂出兵讨伐北魏。慕容垂年近七旬，也希望通过战功来树立太子的威望，于是派太子慕容宝为主将，率领慕容农、慕容麟，及八万精锐部队，讨伐北魏，又令慕容德、慕容绍另率一万八千军作为后继。慕容宝大军开到五原，拓跋珪派人截获后燕传递信息的使者，然后让俘虏的使者向慕容宝军中喊话：“你爹慕容垂已经死了，你还不赶紧撤兵！”后燕军心动摇。军中慕容麟的手下趁机作乱，慕容宝杀掉了叛乱之人，但与弟弟慕容麟互相猜忌。这个慕容麟也是奇葩，先告父亲慕容垂的密，又害死哥哥慕容令，现在又在扰乱军心。即使这样慕容垂也不忍心杀他，可见英雄气短，儿女情长，害人不浅。慕容宝苦撑到冬天，天寒地冻，慕容宝只能撤军。但他认为北魏军不可能渡河追击，所以疏于防备。结果几天后挂起寒风，河水冻结，拓跋珪率两万精锐骑兵，全速过河追击。等后燕军队到达参合陂，被北魏军追上，一阵冲杀，全军溃灭。四五万燕军投降北魏，被拓跋珪全数屠杀。后燕能征惯战的八万精兵，彻底葬送在冰天雪地之中。慕容宝逃回中山，力劝父亲再次伐魏。慕容垂心中在滴血，但为了挽回太子的尊严，只好答应再次伐魏。这次慕容垂不敢再假手于人，以七十岁高龄御驾亲征。次年春天，慕容垂率领燕军再伐北魏。当然，战神仍是战神，虽然七十岁高龄，还是一战制敌。慕容垂秘密行军，凿开太行山道，出其不意直逼北魏的平城。拓跋珪的弟弟拓跋虔率兵三万兵马驻扎平城，猝不及防之下，一战被全歼，拓跋虔战死。慕容垂继续进兵，来到了参合陂，后燕士兵的尸体堆积如山。燕军设下祭坛，死难将士的父兄放声痛哭，响彻山谷。慕容垂心中百感交集，一口鲜血喷出，旧疾复发。双方已无力再战，后燕军班师回朝。归途中，慕容垂病逝，终年七十岁。慕容垂去世，后燕不可避免的迅速走向衰落。当世四大绝世高手，至此已全部去世。慕容恪失之于关键时刻谦退，苻坚失之于滥施仁义，王猛失之于未掌握最高权力，慕容垂则失之于时不我待。毕竟，慕容垂半生蹉跎，真正复国，已经是六十岁高龄了。最后十来年，不足以让他夺取天下，继承人选择上儿女情长，英雄气短，也是悲剧的主因。如果当年慕容恪强横一些，死后推慕容垂直接掌控前燕大权，那鹿死谁手，亦未可知。可这一耽误，就是十八年的时间。十八年中，慕容垂只能寄居敌国，虚耗年华，还葬送了文武双全的大儿子慕容令。后燕全凭慕容垂的威望撑着，他一去世，慕容宝又难服众，土崩瓦解近在眼前。Ok，我写完了。
Murong Chui is a famous general who willnot waste half his life. But until he was sixty, he was tossed and turned.Youth, also once high - spirited. The age of 16, with father Mr. Murong Huangbattlefield, travelling, repeatedly made the meritorious military service. Byfather love, but also by elder brother Murong Jun faint envy. When he was morethan 30 years old, his elder brother Murong Jun was on the throne, and he wasdeliberately suppressed. Name change storm said before, only the reputation ofthe point to fool is still just, but the empress can be foot Hun Shi fanningthe flames, the Murong Chui loving wife Duan Shi, framed with witchcraft.Murong Jun took the opportunity to attack and put Duan into prison and torturedhim to death. Duan Shi was fierce and refused to yield from beginning to end,and he died tragically in prison. At this time, his two sons Murong Ling andMurong Bao were still young, and they suffered from this great disaster, whichmade people sigh. Murong Chui did not forget the old love, married Duan'ssister as his wife, and was deposed by the empress Kezu Hun Shi, but forcedMurong Chui to marry his sister. Murong Chui was dejected, but people had tobow their heads under the enice, and had to submit. Empress Kezhuhun Shicolluded with Murong Pingshi to further depress Murong Chuei after MurONG Woeisucceeded to the throne. Despite his brother Mu Rongke's efforts to protecthim, Mu Rongchui was still in a very difficult situation. He could only keepquiet and keep quiet. As we have said, Murong Que's biggest mistake was nothanding over power directly to Murong Chui after his death. He kept to thefeast of ministers, and played it in blood, but not with power. After MurongQue's death, Murong Chui was in a precarious position. However, Murong Chuistill put national affairs first. When Huan Wen invaded the North and theimperial court was shocked, he volunteered to undertake the mission, anddefeated Huan Wen and won a great victory at Fangtou. Under the high earthquakeof the Lord, more make the wicked jealous, and even want to kill it soon after.Murong Chui conspired with his sons to escape to the old capital of Longchengon the pretext of hunting. Just arrived in Handan, Murong Chui's youngest sonMurong Lin, even to Murong comment on his father, Murong comment sent troops tokill. Encounter son betrayed Murong Chui, cornered under, had to take Duan Shimadam, all the sons went to the former Qin together. Of course, the wife canfoot Hun Shi, young son Murong Lin was left in front of the Yan. According tohistorical records, Murong Lin was born to Murong Chui maidservants and wasnever favored by his father. But comprehensive historical analysis, is notnecessarily the problem of affection between children and daughters, Murong Linand his son are likely to be a group with Murong Chui lady can foot Hun, as theeyes and ears of the Empress Dowager can foot Hun, daily monitoring MurongChui, so there is discord and snitches. It can be seen that Murong Chui is notonly in a difficult situation in the court, but also in his family. Murong Chuifinally escaped from the clutches of his kin and went to Fu Jian with hisfamily, but the good day did not come. Fu Jian, a man of great kindness in theworld, was enamored with Murong Chui. But Fu Jian was accompanied by Wang Meng,a sharp-eyed man who was good at playing the black face. Of course, Wang Mengsaw that Murong Chui was not a man who had lived for a long time, so hesecretly advised Fu Jian to get rid of him. Fu Jian was always obedient to WangMeng's advice, but his Fu was such a fan that he certainly disagreed. When WangMeng saw that Fu Jian could not bear it, he had the idea of a "goldenknife poison plan". When Fu Jian sent Wang Meng to lead an army to attackthe former Yan, Wang Meng asked Fu Jian to ask Murongling, Murongchuan'sbeloved son, to join the army, on the grounds that Fu was familiar with thenational condition and terrain. Fu Jian naturally agreed. Before the march,Murong Chui invited Wang Meng to a banquet. In the heat of wine, Wang Meng andMurong Chui became brothers. Murong Chui readily agreed. Wang Meng gave MurongChui a paperweight as a token, and Murong Chui gave Wang Meng a golden knife inreturn. Murong Ling to see the goldenknife, Jinxi and once in Murong House work, so convinced, night fled beforeYan. Wang Meng saw the success of the golden knife, immediately on the tablecourt, said the war is imminent, Murong Chui and his son conspiracy treason,Murong Ling has fled back to the former Yan, must be punished. Murong Chui wasin the capital. He heard the news that he was impeach. He also did not know whyMurong Ling wanted to defect, even do not know how to explain, also had toflee, the result was captured by the pursuers and taken back to the capital.Wang Meng's life is aboveboard, the general character of Zhuge Wuhou, only thisplan of evil, but also quite damage Yin de. However, Wang Meng did not frameMurong because of personal jealousy or personal resentment, but purely for thenational interest. Wang Meng seeks the loyalty of the country, worthy of theheart, does not damage the reputation. Unfortunately, after all hiscalculations, Wang Meng still missed one move, which was Fu Jian's kindness andvirtue. Under this circumstance, Fu Jian pardoned Murong Chui at once. He alsomade excuses for Murong Chui, saying that Fu Rongling's heart was with hishomeland, it was natural that Murong Ling should not be implicated, and that hehad nothing to do with the others. This speech。ok ，I finish!!!