wxpython + cef 是优秀的 WebView 组件

CEF 即 (Chromium Embedded Framework)；cef 是优秀的 WebView 组件。

pip install wxpython==4.2
wxPython-4.2.0-cp37-cp37m-win_amd64.whl (18.0 MB)
Successfully installed wxpython-4.2.0

pip install cefpython3
cefpython3-66.1-py2.py3-none-win_amd64.whl (69.0 MB)
Successfully installed cefpython3-66.1

cd \Python37\Lib\site-packages\cefpython3\examples
copy wxpython.py  wx_cef.py
用的图片在 \Python37\Lib\site-packages\cefpython3\examples\resources\
编写 wx_cef.py  如下

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Example of embedding CEF Python browser using wxPython library.
# This example has a top menu and a browser widget without navigation bar.

# Tested configurations:
# - wxPython 4.0 on Windows/Mac/Linux
# - wxPython 3.0 on Windows/Mac
# - wxPython 2.8 on Linux
# - CEF Python v66.0+

import os
import sys
import platform
import wx
from cefpython3 import cefpython as cef

# Platforms
WINDOWS = (platform.system() == "Windows")
LINUX = (platform.system() == "Linux")
MAC = (platform.system() == "Darwin")

# Configuration
WIDTH = 1000
HEIGHT = 600

# Globals
g_count_windows = 0
baseurl = "http://localhost:8888/"

def main():
    check_versions()
    sys.excepthook = cef.ExceptHook  # To shutdown all CEF processes on error
    settings = {}
    if MAC:
        # Issue #442 requires enabling message pump on Mac
        # and calling message loop work in a timer both at
        # the same time. This is an incorrect approach
        # and only a temporary fix.
        settings["external_message_pump"] = True
    if WINDOWS: pass
        # noinspection PyUnresolvedReferences, PyArgumentList
        #cef.DpiAware.EnableHighDpiSupport()
    cef.Initialize(settings=settings)
    app = CefApp(False)
    app.MainLoop()
    del app  # Must destroy before calling Shutdown
    if not MAC:
        # On Mac shutdown is called in OnClose
        cef.Shutdown()


def check_versions():
    print("[wx_cef.py] CEF Python {ver}".format(ver=cef.__version__))
    print("[wx_cef.py] Python {ver} {arch}".format(
            ver=platform.python_version(), arch=platform.architecture()[0]))
    print("[wx_cef.py] wxPython {ver}".format(ver=wx.version()))
    # CEF Python version requirement
    assert cef.__version__ >= "66.0", "CEF Python v66.0+ required to run this"


def scale_window_size_for_high_dpi(width, height):
    """Scale window size for high DPI devices. This func can be
    called on all operating systems, but scales only for Windows.
    If scaled value is bigger than the work area on the display
    then it will be reduced."""
    if not WINDOWS:
        return width, height
    (_, _, max_width, max_height) = wx.GetClientDisplayRect().Get()
    # noinspection PyUnresolvedReferences
    (width, height) = cef.DpiAware.Scale((width, height))
    if width > max_width:
        width = max_width
    if height > max_height:
        height = max_height
    return width, height


class MainFrame(wx.Frame):

    def __init__(self):
        self.browser = None

        # Must ignore X11 errors like 'BadWindow' and others by
        # installing X11 error handlers. This must be done after
        # wx was intialized.
        if LINUX:
            cef.WindowUtils.InstallX11ErrorHandlers()

        global g_count_windows
        g_count_windows += 1

        if WINDOWS:
            # noinspection PyUnresolvedReferences, PyArgumentList
            print("[wx_cef.py] System DPI settings: %s"
                  % str(cef.DpiAware.GetSystemDpi()))
        if hasattr(wx, "GetDisplayPPI"):
            print("[wx_cef.py] wx.GetDisplayPPI = %s" % wx.GetDisplayPPI())
        print("[wx_cef.py] wx.GetDisplaySize = %s" % wx.GetDisplaySize())

        print("[wx_cef.py] MainFrame declared size: %s"
              % str((WIDTH, HEIGHT)))
        size = scale_window_size_for_high_dpi(WIDTH, HEIGHT)
        print("[wx_cef.py] MainFrame DPI scaled size: %s" % str(size))

        wx.Frame.__init__(self, parent=None, id=wx.ID_ANY,
                          title='wxPython + cef', size=size)
        # wxPython will set a smaller size when it is bigger
        # than desktop size.
        print("[wx_cef.py] MainFrame actual size: %s" % self.GetSize())

        self.setup_icon()
        self.create_menu()
        self.Bind(wx.EVT_CLOSE, self.OnClose)

        # Set wx.WANTS_CHARS style for the keyboard to work.
        # This style also needs to be set for all parent controls.
        self.browser_panel = wx.Panel(self, style=wx.WANTS_CHARS)
        self.browser_panel.Bind(wx.EVT_SET_FOCUS, self.OnSetFocus)
        self.browser_panel.Bind(wx.EVT_SIZE, self.OnSize)

        if MAC:
            # Make the content view for the window have a layer.
            # This will make all sub-views have layers. This is
            # necessary to ensure correct layer ordering of all
            # child views and their layers. This fixes Window
            # glitchiness during initial loading on Mac (Issue #371).
            NSApp.windows()[0].contentView().setWantsLayer_(True)

        if LINUX:
            # On Linux must show before embedding browser, so that handle
            # is available (Issue #347).
            self.Show()
            # In wxPython 3.0 and wxPython 4.0 on Linux handle is
            # still not yet available, so must delay embedding browser
            # (Issue #349).
            if wx.version().startswith("3.") or wx.version().startswith("4."):
                wx.CallLater(100, self.embed_browser)
            else:
                # This works fine in wxPython 2.8 on Linux
                self.embed_browser()
        else:
            self.embed_browser()
            self.Show()

    def setup_icon(self):
        icon_file = os.path.join(os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__)),
                                 "resources", "wxpython.png")
        # wx.IconFromBitmap is not available on Linux in wxPython 3.0/4.0
        if os.path.exists(icon_file) and hasattr(wx, "IconFromBitmap"):
            icon = wx.IconFromBitmap(wx.Bitmap(icon_file, wx.BITMAP_TYPE_PNG))
            self.SetIcon(icon)

    def create_menu(self):
        filemenu = wx.Menu()
        filemenu.Append(1, "Open Url")
        filemenu.Append(2, "Go Back")
        menubar = wx.MenuBar()
        menubar.Append(filemenu, "&File")
        self.SetMenuBar(menubar)
        self.Bind(wx.EVT_MENU, self.OnOpenUrl, id=1)
        self.Bind(wx.EVT_MENU, self.OnGoBack, id=2)

    def embed_browser(self):
        window_info = cef.WindowInfo()
        (width, height) = self.browser_panel.GetClientSize().Get()
        assert self.browser_panel.GetHandle(), "Window handle not available"
        window_info.SetAsChild(self.browser_panel.GetHandle(),[0,0,width,height])
        self.browser = cef.CreateBrowserSync(window_info, url=baseurl)
        self.browser.SetClientHandler(FocusHandler())

    def OnOpenUrl(self, event):
        dlg = wx.TextEntryDialog(self, "Open Location",
                                "Enter a full URL or local path",
                                "http://", wx.OK|wx.CANCEL)
        dlg.CentreOnParent()
        global baseurl
        if dlg.ShowModal() == wx.ID_OK:
            baseurl = dlg.GetValue()
            self.browser.LoadUrl(baseurl)
        dlg.Destroy()

    def OnGoBack(self, event):
        if self.browser:
            self.browser.GoBack()

    def OnSetFocus(self, _):
        if not self.browser:
            return
        if WINDOWS:
            cef.WindowUtils.OnSetFocus(self.browser_panel.GetHandle(), 0,0,0)
        self.browser.SetFocus(True)

    def OnSize(self, _):
        if not self.browser:
            return
        if WINDOWS:
            cef.WindowUtils.OnSize(self.browser_panel.GetHandle(), 0,0,0)
        elif LINUX:
            (x, y) = (0, 0)
            (width, height) = self.browser_panel.GetSize().Get()
            self.browser.SetBounds(x, y, width, height)
        self.browser.NotifyMoveOrResizeStarted()

    def OnClose(self, event):
        print("[wx_cef.py] OnClose called")
        if not self.browser:
            # May already be closing, may be called multiple times on Mac
            return

        if MAC:
            # On Mac things work differently, other steps are required
            self.browser.CloseBrowser()
            self.clear_browser_references()
            self.Destroy()
            global g_count_windows
            g_count_windows -= 1
            if g_count_windows == 0:
                cef.Shutdown()
                wx.GetApp().ExitMainLoop()
                # Call _exit otherwise app exits with code 255 (Issue #162).
                # noinspection PyProtectedMember
                os._exit(0)
        else:
            # Calling browser.CloseBrowser() and/or self.Destroy()
            # in OnClose may cause app crash on some paltforms in
            # some use cases, details in Issue #107.
            self.browser.ParentWindowWillClose()
            event.Skip()
            self.clear_browser_references()

    def clear_browser_references(self):
        # Clear browser references that you keep anywhere in your
        # code. All references must be cleared for CEF to shutdown cleanly.
        self.browser = None


class FocusHandler(object):
    def OnGotFocus(self, browser, **_):
        # Temporary fix for focus issues on Linux (Issue #284).
        if LINUX:
            print("[wx_cef.py] FocusHandler.OnGotFocus:"
                  " keyboard focus fix (Issue #284)")
            browser.SetFocus(True)


class CefApp(wx.App):

    def __init__(self, redirect):
        self.timer = None
        self.timer_id = 1
        self.is_initialized = False
        super(CefApp, self).__init__(redirect=redirect)

    def OnPreInit(self):
        super(CefApp, self).OnPreInit()
        # On Mac with wxPython 4.0 the OnInit() event never gets
        # called. Doing wx window creation in OnPreInit() seems to
        # resolve the problem (Issue #350).
        if MAC and wx.version().startswith("4."):
            print("[wx_cef.py] OnPreInit: initialize here"
                  " (wxPython 4.0 fix)")
            self.initialize()

    def OnInit(self):
        self.initialize()
        return True

    def initialize(self):
        if self.is_initialized:
            return
        self.is_initialized = True
        self.create_timer()
        frame = MainFrame()
        self.SetTopWindow(frame)
        frame.Show(True)

    def create_timer(self):
        # See also "Making a render loop":
        # http://wiki.wxwidgets.org/Making_a_render_loop
        # Another way would be to use EVT_IDLE in MainFrame.
        self.timer = wx.Timer(self, self.timer_id)
        self.Bind(wx.EVT_TIMER, self.on_timer, self.timer)
        self.timer.Start(10)  # 10ms timer

    def on_timer(self, _):
        cef.MessageLoopWork()

    def OnExit(self):
        self.timer.Stop()
        return 0


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

运行 python wx_cef.py

我注释了 #cef.DpiAware.EnableHighDpiSupport() ，以避免cef 刷新不完善时造成显示重影。

web 服务程序参见: python：mdict + bottle = web 查询英汉词典