iOS内存管理—NSTimer循环引用

NSTimer的简单使用：

self.timer = [NSTimer scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval:1 target:weakSelf selector:@selector(fireHome) userInfo:nil repeats:YES];

- (void)dealloc{
    [self.timer invalidate];
    self.timer = nil;
    NSLog(@"%s",__func__);
}

当viewController被pop之后，我们会发现dealloc方法没走，为什么？循环引用，这个应该都知道。

这个在苹果文档中也有介绍（按住option，点击方法）:
1、Creates a timer and schedules it on the current run loop in the default mode.
2、target：The object to which to send the message specified by aSelector when the timer fires. The timer maintains a strong reference to target until it (the timer) is invalidated.

循环引用的具体原因：RunLoop -> Timer -> self。

weakSelf能解决吗

那我们是不是可以参考block解决循环引用的方式，用weakSelf解决呢，NO，为什么呢？
这个要参考block的原理，在_Block_object_assign方法中，处理的是weakSelf指针，并非weakSelf指向的对象。

void _Block_object_assign(void *destArg, const void *object, const int flags) {
    const void **dest = (const void **)destArg;
    switch (os_assumes(flags & BLOCK_ALL_COPY_DISPOSE_FLAGS)) {
      case BLOCK_FIELD_IS_OBJECT:
        /*******
        id object = ...;
        [^{ object; } copy];
        ********/

        _Block_retain_object(object);
        *dest = object;
        break;
..........
}

self和weakSelf虽然都是指向同一个对象，但他们是两个不同的地址，weakSelf不强持有对象，也就是不操作引用计数。
block在copy的时候，会强持有临时变量的指针地址，而不是指针指向的对象，所以weakSelf可以解决block循环引用问题，而NSTimer强持有的是对象。

解决方案1：block

在ios10的时候，苹果已经提供这种解决方案，并带有注释。

/// - parameter:  block  The execution body of the timer; the timer itself is passed as the parameter to this block when executed to aid in avoiding cyclical references
+ (NSTimer *)scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval:(NSTimeInterval)interval repeats:(BOOL)repeats block:(void (^)(NSTimer *timer))block API_AVAILABLE(macosx(10.12), ios(10.0), watchos(3.0), tvos(10.0));

YYKit也提供了这种解决方案：

@implementation NSTimer (YYAdd)

+ (void)_yy_ExecBlock:(NSTimer *)timer {
    if ([timer userInfo]) {
        void (^block)(NSTimer *timer) = (void (^)(NSTimer *timer))[timer userInfo];
        block(timer);
    }
}

+ (NSTimer *)scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval:(NSTimeInterval)seconds block:(void (^)(NSTimer *timer))block repeats:(BOOL)repeats {
    return [NSTimer scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval:seconds target:self selector:@selector(_yy_ExecBlock:) userInfo:[block copy] repeats:repeats];
}

+ (NSTimer *)timerWithTimeInterval:(NSTimeInterval)seconds block:(void (^)(NSTimer *timer))block repeats:(BOOL)repeats {
    return [NSTimer timerWithTimeInterval:seconds target:self selector:@selector(_yy_ExecBlock:) userInfo:[block copy] repeats:repeats];
}

@end

通过block的方式，timer不在持有self，打破了循环引用。但是RunLoop对timer的强持有还在，所以在viewController销毁时，需要手动销毁timer。

- (void)dealloc{
    [self.timer invalidate];
    self.timer = nil;
}

解决方案2：NSProxy

NSProxy可以实现消息转发（可参考苹果文档），相对NSObject也更为轻量级。

    self.proxy = [YYWeakProxy proxyWithTarget:self];
    self.timer = [NSTimer scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval:1 target:self.proxy selector:@selector(fireHome) userInfo:nil repeats:YES];

YYWeakProxy的实现：

//这里只提供了部分代码，具体实现可自行查找
- (instancetype)initWithTarget:(id)target {
    _target = target;
    return self;
}

+ (instancetype)proxyWithTarget:(id)target {
    return [[YYWeakProxy alloc] initWithTarget:target];
}

- (id)forwardingTargetForSelector:(SEL)selector {
    return _target;
}

通过消息转发，让self响应方法，避免通过self直接添加方法，造成的循环引用。和block一样，避免了timer对self的强持有，所以同时需要手动销毁timer。

解决方案3：中介者模式

通过runtime为中介者添加selector的IMP，避免timer对self的持有。

self.target = [[NSObject alloc] init];
class_addMethod([NSObject class], @selector(fireHome), (IMP)fireHomeObjc, "v@:");
self.timer = [NSTimer scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval:1 target:self.target selector:@selector(fireHome) userInfo:nil repeats:YES];

当然通过runtime还有很多实现方式，这个不在一一列举。有兴趣可自行查看。

解决方案4：dispatch_source

通过dispatch_source，自定义一个定时器，实现timer。

#import 

#define LOCK(...) dispatch_semaphore_wait(_lock, DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER); \
__VA_ARGS__; \
dispatch_semaphore_signal(_lock);


@implementation YYTimer {
    BOOL _valid;
    NSTimeInterval _timeInterval;
    BOOL _repeats;
    __weak id _target;
    SEL _selector;
    dispatch_source_t _source;
    dispatch_semaphore_t _lock;
}

+ (YYTimer *)timerWithTimeInterval:(NSTimeInterval)interval
                            target:(id)target
                          selector:(SEL)selector
                           repeats:(BOOL)repeats {
    return [[self alloc] initWithFireTime:interval interval:interval target:target selector:selector repeats:repeats];
}

- (instancetype)init {
    @throw [NSException exceptionWithName:@"YYTimer init error" reason:@"Use the designated initializer to init." userInfo:nil];
    return [self initWithFireTime:0 interval:0 target:self selector:@selector(invalidate) repeats:NO];
}

- (instancetype)initWithFireTime:(NSTimeInterval)start
                        interval:(NSTimeInterval)interval
                          target:(id)target
                        selector:(SEL)selector
                         repeats:(BOOL)repeats {
    self = [super init];
    _repeats = repeats;
    _timeInterval = interval;
    _valid = YES;
    _target = target;
    _selector = selector;
    
    __weak typeof(self) _self = self;
    _lock = dispatch_semaphore_create(1);
    _source = dispatch_source_create(DISPATCH_SOURCE_TYPE_TIMER, 0, 0, dispatch_get_main_queue());
    dispatch_source_set_timer(_source, dispatch_time(DISPATCH_TIME_NOW, (start * NSEC_PER_SEC)), (interval * NSEC_PER_SEC), 0);
    dispatch_source_set_event_handler(_source, ^{[_self fire];});
    dispatch_resume(_source);
    return self;
}

- (void)invalidate {
    dispatch_semaphore_wait(_lock, DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER);
    if (_valid) {
        dispatch_source_cancel(_source);
        _source = NULL;
        _target = nil;
        _valid = NO;
    }
    dispatch_semaphore_signal(_lock);
}

- (void)fire {
    if (!_valid) return;
#pragma clang diagnostic push
#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Warc-performSelector-leaks"
    dispatch_semaphore_wait(_lock, DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER);
    id target = _target;
    if (!target) {
        dispatch_semaphore_signal(_lock);
        [self invalidate];
    } else {
        dispatch_semaphore_signal(_lock);
        [target performSelector:_selector withObject:self];
        if (!_repeats) {
            [self invalidate];
        }
    }
#pragma clang diagnostic pop
}

- (BOOL)repeats {
    LOCK(BOOL repeat = _repeats); return repeat;
}

- (NSTimeInterval)timeInterval {
    LOCK(NSTimeInterval t = _timeInterval) return t;
}

- (BOOL)isValid {
    LOCK(BOOL valid = _valid) return valid;
}

- (void)dealloc {
    [self invalidate];
}

@end

解决方式不重要，关键在于解决问题的思路和原理，我相信还有很多解决方式，以上仅供参考。