解决方法：Linux python3.10回退python3.8

一、问题

在 Matter SDK 通过运行激活脚本开始构建环境部署 source scripts/activate.sh 时，出现

Getting requirements to build wheel: started
  error: subprocess-exited-with-error
  
  × Getting requirements to build wheel did not run successfully.
  │ exit code: 1
  ╰─> See above for output.
  
  note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
  Getting requirements to build wheel: finished with status 'error'
error: subprocess-exited-with-error

× Getting requirements to build wheel did not run successfully.
│ exit code: 1
╰─> See above for output.

note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
['/home/leung/Desktop/connectedhomeip/.environment/pigweed-venv/bin/python', '-m', 'pip', 'install', '--log', '/home/leung/Desktop/connectedhomeip/.environment/pigweed-venv/pip-requirements.log', '--requirement=/home/leung/Desktop/connectedhomeip/scripts/requirements.txt', '--constraint=/home/leung/Desktop/connectedhomeip/scripts/constraints.txt'] {'stdout': <_io.TextIOWrapper name=3 mode='w+' encoding='UTF-8'>, 'stderr': -2}

百度说有可能是 python3.10 的 pip 有问题，于是需要回退到 python3.8 版本。

二、解决方法

2.1 更改源更新apt

• 更改源：戳我查看教程
• 更新软件：

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

2.2 安装编译依赖

sudo apt-get -y build-dep python3 && sudo apt-get install -y pkg-config

sudo apt-get install -y build-essential gdb lcov pkg-config \
      libbz2-dev libffi-dev libgdbm-dev libgdbm-compat-dev liblzma-dev \
      libncurses5-dev libreadline6-dev libsqlite3-dev libssl-dev \
      lzma lzma-dev tk-dev uuid-dev zlib1g-dev

2.3 下载解压源码

cd /usr/local
sudo mkdir Python3
cd Python3
sudo wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.8.10/Python-3.8.10.tgz
tar -xzf Python-3.8.10.tgz && cd Python-3.8.10/

2.4 编译及安装

sudo ./configure -with-ssl prefix=/usr/local/Python3/
sudo make
sudo make install

2.5 软连接python3.8和pip3

mv /usr/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python3.bak && ln -s /usr/local/Python3/bin/python3.8 /usr/bin/python3

mv /usr/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip3.bak && ln -s /usr/local/Python3/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip3

2.6 添加环境变量

vim ~/.zshrc

然后在文件末尾添加
export PATH=/usr/local/Python3/bin:$PATH
按ESC，输入:wq回车退出

source ~/.zshrc

2.7 升级pip和库

pip3 install --upgrade pip
pip3 install --upgrade setuptools

如果报错，先执行
sudo rm /usr/bin/lsb_release

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• 由 Leung 写于 2023 年 8 月 23 日

• 参考：Kali Linux 2022.2 python3.10 回退 python3.8