【托福听力】带着TPO进入美术馆二

上次,我们聊了聊可以通过学习听力的艺术史学科素材,更好地了解艺术作品和伟大的艺术家们。
https://www.jianshu.com/p/9eb06fa31a31

那么我们今天就通过一位文艺巨匠和他最为出名的作品,一起来了解一下,艺术史是如何被记录的。

通过一部纪录片,《卢浮宫的珍宝》,我们会一起来领略这座博物馆的珍贵藏品。

卢浮宫
走进一起来看看

I'm sure you've all heard of the Mona Lisa, the famous painting by Leonardo Da Vinci. The Mona Lisa is a portrait of a woman and it's thought to be the portrait of Lisa Gherardini but that's not certain.
In fact, many things about the Mona Lisa remain a mystery.

这是来自TPO37-Lecture 3的开篇。教授正试图给我们讲授,这部来自达芬奇的油画。达芬奇,是意大利文艺复兴时期的画家,身份兼具画家、雕塑家、数学家、天文学家、预言家、科学家、发明家、医学家、生物学家等等。他最出名的绘画作品,也就珍藏在卢浮宫内——蒙娜丽莎。

蒙娜丽莎

而这部作品本身,仍有许多未解之谜。比如,这幅画中的女子,她的身份到底是什么,或者,达芬奇到底是出于什么目的画的这幅画,更夸张的是,还有人对这幅画对真伪,不断提出质疑。

For example, we don't know exactly who commissioned the painting or how long Da Vinci worked on it and there are actually many scholars who think the mystery makes the painting more interesting. I think it places unfortunate limits on our analyses, makes it hard to make strong arguments about the painting.
教授对这些谜题的介绍过后,他很快说了一句自己的评价,因为我们的分析非常有限,我们就很难对这部作品得出确切的结论。
诚然,艺术史上有很多悬而未解的迷,这一切在达芬奇这位天才画家身上,则更甚之。

达芬奇有着超乎常人的好奇心,他对世界的一切观察和想象,都试图用绘画的方式记录下来。但是他似乎没有长足的耐心,将作品以完整的形式表现出来,除去草图手稿,达芬奇传世的完整作品不到20幅。

维特鲁威人

相比于我们上次介绍的爱画睡莲的莫奈,光睡莲就画了251幅。后半生更是认定了自己对花园的热爱,专注在花园中不断创作。

达芬奇手稿

达芬奇的作品,光手稿就保存了他大量的创作创意和灵感闪现的时刻,1994年,微软总统比尔盖茨就赤字数千万美元购买了达芬奇的手稿,并推动手稿在全世界范围内巡回展览。达芬奇的作品,无不展示着他对人类世界智于美的渴求,他就徜徉在科学与艺术的宇宙中,无限探索着。

Anyway, getting to the point: most people today might have never heard of the Mona Lisa, or of many other now famous works of art for that matter, if it hadn't been for Giorgio Vasari.

Giorgio Vasari was an Italian painter, architect and scholar. In the mid fifteen hundreds, he wrote a book called Lives of the Most Eminent Painters, Sculptors and Architects in which he describes, among many other things, the features of the Mona Lisa, including her famous smile. This book drew a lot of attention to Da Vinci and significantly increased the Mona Lisa's fame.

As the title suggests, Lives of the Most Eminent Painters, Sculptors and Architects includes biographies not only of Da Vinci but also of many other now famous Italian renaissance artists. This was the first time that a European author had made the personal lives of the artists a central component of an art history book and many a later author followed the example. The more important the artist in Vasari's view, the longer their biography in the book.

接下来,教授的这一段讲解告诉我们,达芬奇等艺术家的故事,能被记载下来,用以我们发现和探索,主要还是这位画家、建筑家和学者的贡献,他就是乔治瓦萨里。瓦萨里大量记录了意大利文艺复兴时期的艺术家们以及其相关作品。这种传记式的写作方式,开创了艺术史记录的先河。

也是在他的这部作品《艺园名人传》中,第一次提及了文艺复兴这个概念。而学习了托福的小伙伴们应该知道,Renaissance也是我们的熟人了。

希望今天的文章,能帮你更了解,在艺术史的记录上,曾有着这样闪耀的群星,不仅是历史长河的一瞬,更多的是,我们依然可以通过其作品,和艺术史的记录,再次还原那个充满想象力的时代,徜徉于这些美妙的画作中。

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