基于MicroPython实现ESP32+SSD1306的小恐龙游戏

 本人计算机专业，第一次接触单片机，有做的不好的地方望大佬指点！！

准备工作就是烧入micropython固件在micropython.org/download/下载，通过Thonny烧录然后写代码Tonny3.3.13（点击下载）。

废话少说就开始写程序了。

一、SSD1306驱动

网上很多的教程和文件，这里选了个简单的，能够实现I2C和SPI的接口，但是只能显示英文。

SSD1306.py

# MicroPython SSD1306 OLED driver, I2C and SPI interfaces

from micropython import const
import framebuf

# register definitions
SET_CONTRAST = const(0x81)
SET_ENTIRE_ON = const(0xA4)
SET_NORM_INV = const(0xA6)
SET_DISP = const(0xAE)
SET_MEM_ADDR = const(0x20)
SET_COL_ADDR = const(0x21)
SET_PAGE_ADDR = const(0x22)
SET_DISP_START_LINE = const(0x40)
SET_SEG_REMAP = const(0xA0)
SET_MUX_RATIO = const(0xA8)
SET_COM_OUT_DIR = const(0xC0)
SET_DISP_OFFSET = const(0xD3)
SET_COM_PIN_CFG = const(0xDA)
SET_DISP_CLK_DIV = const(0xD5)
SET_PRECHARGE = const(0xD9)
SET_VCOM_DESEL = const(0xDB)
SET_CHARGE_PUMP = const(0x8D)

# Subclassing FrameBuffer provides support for graphics primitives
# http://docs.micropython.org/en/latest/pyboard/library/framebuf.html
class SSD1306(framebuf.FrameBuffer):
    def __init__(self, width, height, external_vcc):
        self.width = width
        self.height = height
        self.external_vcc = external_vcc
        self.pages = self.height // 8
        self.buffer = bytearray(self.pages * self.width)
        super().__init__(self.buffer, self.width, self.height, framebuf.MONO_VLSB)
        self.init_display()

    def init_display(self):
        for cmd in (
            SET_DISP,  # display off
            # address setting
            SET_MEM_ADDR,
            0x00,  # horizontal
            # resolution and layout
            SET_DISP_START_LINE,  # start at line 0
            SET_SEG_REMAP | 0x01,  # column addr 127 mapped to SEG0
            SET_MUX_RATIO,
            self.height - 1,
            SET_COM_OUT_DIR | 0x08,  # scan from COM[N] to COM0
            SET_DISP_OFFSET,
            0x00,
            SET_COM_PIN_CFG,
            0x02 if self.width > 2 * self.height else 0x12,
            # timing and driving scheme
            SET_DISP_CLK_DIV,
            0x80,
            SET_PRECHARGE,
            0x22 if self.external_vcc else 0xF1,
            SET_VCOM_DESEL,
            0x30,  # 0.83*Vcc
            # display
            SET_CONTRAST,
            0xFF,  # maximum
            SET_ENTIRE_ON,  # output follows RAM contents
            SET_NORM_INV,  # not inverted
            # charge pump
            SET_CHARGE_PUMP,
            0x10 if self.external_vcc else 0x14,
            SET_DISP | 0x01,  # display on
        ):  # on
            self.write_cmd(cmd)
        self.fill(0)
        self.show()

    def poweroff(self):
        self.write_cmd(SET_DISP)

    def poweron(self):
        self.write_cmd(SET_DISP | 0x01)

    def contrast(self, contrast):
        self.write_cmd(SET_CONTRAST)
        self.write_cmd(contrast)

    def invert(self, invert):
        self.write_cmd(SET_NORM_INV | (invert & 1))

    def rotate(self, rotate):
        self.write_cmd(SET_COM_OUT_DIR | ((rotate & 1) << 3))
        self.write_cmd(SET_SEG_REMAP | (rotate & 1))

    def show(self):
        x0 = 0
        x1 = self.width - 1
        if self.width == 64:
            # displays with width of 64 pixels are shifted by 32
            x0 += 32
            x1 += 32
        self.write_cmd(SET_COL_ADDR)
        self.write_cmd(x0)
        self.write_cmd(x1)
        self.write_cmd(SET_PAGE_ADDR)
        self.write_cmd(0)
        self.write_cmd(self.pages - 1)
        self.write_data(self.buffer)


class SSD1306_I2C(SSD1306):
    def __init__(self, width, height, i2c, addr=0x3C, external_vcc=False):
        self.i2c = i2c
        self.addr = addr
        self.temp = bytearray(2)
        self.write_list = [b"\x40", None]  # Co=0, D/C#=1
        super().__init__(width, height, external_vcc)

    def write_cmd(self, cmd):
        self.temp[0] = 0x80  # Co=1, D/C#=0
        self.temp[1] = cmd
        self.i2c.writeto(self.addr, self.temp)

    def write_data(self, buf):
        self.write_list[1] = buf
        self.i2c.writevto(self.addr, self.write_list)


class SSD1306_SPI(SSD1306):
    def __init__(self, width, height, spi, dc, res, cs, external_vcc=False):
        self.rate = 10 * 1024 * 1024
        dc.init(dc.OUT, value=0)
        res.init(res.OUT, value=0)
        cs.init(cs.OUT, value=1)
        self.spi = spi
        self.dc = dc
        self.res = res
        self.cs = cs
        import time

        self.res(1)
        time.sleep_ms(1)
        self.res(0)
        time.sleep_ms(10)
        self.res(1)
        super().__init__(width, height, external_vcc)

    def write_cmd(self, cmd):
        self.spi.init(baudrate=self.rate, polarity=0, phase=0)
        self.cs(1)
        self.dc(0)
        self.cs(0)
        self.spi.write(bytearray([cmd]))
        self.cs(1)

    def write_data(self, buf):
        self.spi.init(baudrate=self.rate, polarity=0, phase=0)
        self.cs(1)
        self.dc(1)
        self.cs(0)
        self.spi.write(buf)
        self.cs(1)

创建SSD1306.py文件把代码复制进去就行了

二、主要实现代码

main.py

import machine
import random
from machine import Pin,SPI
from SSD1306 import SSD1306_SPI
import time
oled = SSD1306_SPI(128, 64,SPI(2, 80000000), Pin(22), Pin(19), Pin(5))#驱动屏幕

but = Pin(13,Pin.IN)#定义按键
get_time = time.time()#显示用到的游戏时间
game_time = time.time()#用于
jump = 0#刷新率为40，跳起时每秒加1，等效于计时器作用（写的时候还不会计时器）
jump_num = [0,8,15,21,25,29,32,34,35]#跳起高度，类似于二次方程，模拟重力加速度
down = False#用于判断jump自加还是自减
score = 0#分数

gameover = False#判断游戏结束
far = 0#距离，很多用处

'''
障碍物的想法是每个障碍物之间最少距离40，宽度8，三个总长超过
屏幕宽度128，这样就不会同时出现四个，所以只创建三个，当第1
个障碍物跑完屏幕的同时将此时的第2个障碍物定义为第1个，第3个
定义为第2个，然后再创建第3个。就做到实际上就三个障碍物轮番跑
'''
box1 = random.randint(40,120)
box2 = random.randint(40,120) + box1
box3 = random.randint(40,120) + box2
speed = 2#速度（障碍物每帧移动的像素点）

while True:
    if not gameover:
        #触发跳起动作
        if but.value() and jump == 0:
            jump = 1
        if jump != 0:
            jump += 1 if not down else -1
            if jump == 0:
                down = False
                score += 1
        if jump == 8:
            down = True#跳到最高点下落
        
        far += speed#移动的距离按速度累加（实际是障碍物移动的距离）
        score = far//30#本来分数==时间然后感觉太蠢了就随便写个东西，直接用far太容易把字符挤出了
        speed = 2 + score//100#每过100分速度加1
        
        oled.fill(0)#我用的SSD1306太捞了没有clear函数T^T
        oled.line(0,63,128,63,1)#最底下那条线
        #画分数和时间
        oled.text('SCORE:'+str(score),0,1)
        get_time = 'TIME:'+str(int(time.time()-game_time))
        oled.text(get_time,140-len(get_time)*10,1)
        #画小恐龙的外形
        for i in range(6):
            oled.line(15-i,51-jump_num[jump],15-i,58-jump_num[jump],1)
            oled.line(17-i,51-jump_num[jump],17-i,54-jump_num[jump],1)
            oled.line(11-i,55-jump_num[jump],11,58-jump_num[jump],1)
        oled.line(14,55-jump_num[jump],14,60-jump_num[jump],1)
        oled.line(10,55-jump_num[jump],10,60-jump_num[jump],1)
        oled.line(14,52-jump_num[jump],14,53-jump_num[jump],0)
        oled.line(13,52-jump_num[jump],13,53-jump_num[jump],0)
        
        #画障碍物
        for i in range(8):
            oled.line(i+box1-far,55,i+box1-far,61,1)
        
        for i in range(8):
            oled.line(i+box2-far,55,i+box2-far,61,1)
        
        for i in range(8):
            oled.line(i+box3-far,55,i+box3-far,61,1)
        #判断当前障碍物过了屏幕，就把它变最后一个
        if box1+8-far <= 0:
            box1 = box2 
            box2 = box3 
            box3 = box2 + random.randint(40,120)
        #判断是否碰到障碍物
        if 14 > box1-far > 2 and 60-jump_num[jump] > 55:
            gameover = True

    else:
        oled.text('GAME_OVER',128//2-35,30)
        #再次按下按钮初始化并重新开始
        if but.value():
            score = 0
            game_time = time.time()
            gameover = False
            far = 0
            box1 = random.randint(50,120)
            box2 = random.randint(50,120) + box1
            box3 = random.randint(50,120) + box2
            speed = 2
            continue
        
    time.sleep(1/40)
    oled.show()

代码不难，比较难想的点就是障碍物的生成，实际上只生成三个障碍物，每两个距离随机，最少40，也就是屏幕上不可能同时出现4个，当第一个消失的时候实际上此时第二个变为了第一个，第三个变为第二个，同时第一个变成第三个，如图

 

三、操作演示

 

本文引用文档：

SSD1306驱动：ESP32开发之旅——ssd1306 OLED屏的使用 by 未来程序猿小吕

感谢大佬的传授