高考英语 阅读理解---代词指代
2019年高考英语真题中代词指代考查
1.
MyFavourite Books
Jo Usmar is a writer forCosmopolitanand co-author of theThis Book Willseries (系列) of lifestyle books. Here she picks her top
reads.
Matilda
RoaldDahl
I once wrote a paper on the influence of fairytales on Roald Dahl’s writing and it gave me a new appreciation for his strangeand delightful worlds. Matilda’s battles with her cruel parents and the bossyheadmistress, Miss Trunchbull, are equally funny and frightening, but they’realso aspirational.
21. Who does“I” refer to in the text?
A. Stephen King. B. Gillian Flynn.
C. Jo Usmar. D.Roald Dahl.
解析： 我最喜爱的书 乔·乌斯马是一位作家，为《时尚》杂志供稿，同时还是“摆脱困扰”人生系列丛书的合著者之一。在此，她选出了自己最喜欢的几本书。Here she picks her top
reads. 文章以 Jo Usmar.的语气写的，因此答案C
1. Despitethe celebrations, though, in the U.S. the jazz audience continues to shrink andgrow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.
It’s Jason Moran’s job to help changethat.As the Kennedy Center’s artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen theaudience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history andculture.
What does the
underlined word “that” refer to?
A．Jazz becoming moreaccessible.
B．The production of jazzgrowing faster.
C．Jazz being less popularwith the young.
D．The jazz audiencebecoming larger.
2. There are
many places to go on safari（观赏野生动物）in Africa，but riding a horse
through the flooded waters of Botswana's Okavango Delta must rank as one of the
world's most exciting wildlife journeys．
Several safari camps operate as the base for this
adventure，providing unique rides twice a day to explore deep into the delta．The camps have excellent
horses，professional
guides and lots of support workers．They have a reputation for providing a great riding
experience．
What does the
underlined word “They” refer to?___
A．Flooded waters
B．Wildlife journey
C．Safari camps
D．Unique rides
3. When Masqsood
and Iftekhar began to study the problem of all the uncollected rubbish that lay
in Dhaka’s streets,Attracting
tats and disease , they discovered that 80% of it was natural waste . So they
educated the poor people in the city to compost (把……制成堆粪)this waste . They knew
that they would have a market for the end product because local farmers were
struggling with chemical ferntilisers (化肥) which were expensiveand had reduced the natural minerals in the soil over the years . At first ,they were refused ,but once they were able to persuadethemthat therewas money to be made , the project took off. In 2009 sales were $14,000.
The
underlined word "them" in Paragraph 3 probably refers to"___________"
A．the local farmers B．Masqsood and Iftekhar
C．Drayton and his team D．the poor people in Dhaka
4. For most
city people, the elevator is an unremarkable machine that inspires none of the
enthusiasm or interest that Americans afford trains, jets，and even bicycles. Dr.Christopher Wilk is a member of a small group of elevator experts who considerthisa misunderstanding. Without the elevator, they point out, there could be nodowntown skyscrapers or tall buildings, and city life as we know it would beimpossible. In that sense, they argue，the elevator’s role in American history has been no less
significant than that of cars. In fact, according to Wilk? the car and the
elevator have been locked in a “secret war” for over a century,
with cars making it possible for people to spread horizontally (水平地)，and elevators pushing them
toward life in close groups of towering vertical (垂直的)columns.
What does the
underlined word “this” in Paragraph
1 refer to?
A．The general view ofelevators.
B．The particular interestsof experts.
C．The desire for a remarkablemachine.
D．The enthusiasm fortransport vehicles.
5. WaltDisney is credited for creating such wonderful things as Donald Duck and MickeyMouse. However, he cannot take the credit for creating other well-lovedcharacters, such as Cinderella and Snow White.They are almost automaticallyassociated with Disney because Disney turned old fables(寓言) intocartoon movies.
The original Cinderella varies very much from the Disney
version we know today. It started off with the girl mourning her mother’s death and going to hertomb three times a day. In addition, there were only birds that helped Cinderella;there was no such thing as a fairy godmother or helpful mice, nor was theremention of a horse and carriage.
What dose the underlined word “They” in
the first paragraph refer to?
A．Such wonderful things.
B．Other well-lovedcharacters.
C．Old fables.
D．Cartoon movies.
6. You are
given many opportunities in life to choose to be a victim or a creator. When
you choose to be a victim, the world is a cold and difficult place. “They” did things
to you which caused all of your pain and suffering. “They” are wrong and bad,
and life is terrible as long as “they” are around. Or you may blame yourself
for all your problems, thus internalizing(内化) your victimization.The truth is, your life is likely to stay that way as long as you feel a needto blame yourself or others.
Those who choose to be creators look at life quite
differently. They know there are individuals who might like to control their
lives, but they don’t let this
get in the way. They know they have their weaknesses, yet they don’t blame themselves when
they fail. Whatever happens, they have choice in the matter. They believe their
dance with each sacred(神圣的) moment of life is agift and that storms are a natural part of life which can bring the rain neededfor emotional and spiritual growth.
What does the
word “they” in Paragraph
1 probably refer to?
A．People and things aroundyou.
B．Opportunities and problems.
C．Creators and theirchoices.
D．Victims and theirsufferings.
7. Sparrow is
a fast－food chain
with 200 restaurants. Some years ago，the group to which Sparrow belonged was taken over
by another company. Although Sparrow showed no sign of declining，the chain was generally
in an unhealthy state. With more and more fast－food concepts reaching the market，the Sparrow menu had to
struggle for attention. And to make matters worse，its new owner had no plans to give it the funds itrequired.
Sparrow failed to grow for another two years until a new
CEO，Carl Pearson，decided to build up its
market share. He did a survey，which showed that consumers who already used
Sparrow restaurants were extremely positive about the chain，while customers of other
fast－food chainswere unwilling to turn away fromthem. Sparrow had to develop a newpromotional campaign.
What does the
underlined word “them” in Paragraph
2 refer to?
A．Customers of Sparrowrestaurants.
B．Sparrow restaurants.
C．Customers of other fast－food chains.
D．Other fast－food chains.
高考英语阅读理解 代词指代 参考答案
1. Despitethe celebrations, though, in the U.S. the jazz audience continues to shrink andgrow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.
It’s Jason Moran’s job to help changethat.As the Kennedy Center’s artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen theaudience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history andculture.
What does the
underlined word “that” refer to?
A．Jazz becoming moreaccessible.
B．The production of jazzgrowing faster.
C．Jazzbeing less popular with the young.
D．The jazz audiencebecoming larger.
完整文章
Some of the
world’s most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to
celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day. UNESCO( United Nations
Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) recently set April 30 as a
day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a
unifying(联合) voice across cultures.
一些世界上最著名的音乐家近来聚集在巴黎和新奥尔良为了庆祝第一届国际爵士音乐节。联合国教科文组织近来设定4月30日作为提升人们对于爵士乐的意识（认识），同时提升其重要性及其作为一个连接各文化纽带之声的潜在可能性的一个日子。
Despite thecelebrations, though, in theU.S.the jazz audience continues to shrink and growolder, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.
尽管有这次庆祝，在美国，爵士乐欣赏的观众继续减少，而且观众年龄变大（老龄化），这种音乐形式没能够与年轻一代人联系起来。
It’s JasonMoran’s job to help change that. As the Kennedy Center’s artistic adviser forjazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music moreaccessible, and preserve its history and culture.
这是Jason Moran的工作去改变这一点（爵士乐不受年轻人的欢迎）。作为肯尼迪艺术中心爵士乐的顾问，Moran希望去增加喜爱爵士乐听众的群体，使得这种音乐能够更多为人们所接近，进而保存爵士乐的历史和文化。
“Jazz seemslike it’s not really a part of the American appetite,” Moran tells NationalPublic Radio’s reporter Neal Conan. “What I’m hoping to accomplish is that mygeneration and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is notblack and white anymore. It’s actually color, and it’s actually digital.”
“爵士乐似乎不是美国人口味（胃口）的一部分”，Moran告诉National
Public Radio记者Neal Conan。 “我希望实现的是我这一代人和年轻一代重新考虑和理解爵士乐不再是黑与白的特点，而实际上是色彩（丰富多彩的），实际上数码的。”
Moran saysone of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect of themusic has been lost. “The music can’t be presented today the way it was in 1908or 1958. It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not thesame,” says Moran.
Moran 说今天的爵士乐的一个问题是这种音乐娱乐方面的特点在丧失。 Moran 说“这种音乐无法再以1908或者1958年的方式被呈现出来。它必须要继续前进，因为这个世界运作的方式不再是一样的了。”
Last year,
Moran worked on a project that arranged Fats Waller’s music for a dance party,
“just to kind of put it back in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as
it is concert music,” says Moran. “For me, it’s the recontextualization. In
music, where does the emotion(情感) lie? Are we, as
humans, gaining any insight(感悟) on how talk aboutourselves and how something as abstract as a Charlie Parker record gets us intoa dialogue about our emotions and our thoughts? Sometimes we lose sight thatthe music has a wider context,” says Moran, “so I want to continue thosedialogues. Those are the things I want to foster.”
去年，Moran致力于一个项目，安排了Fats Waller的音乐参加一个舞蹈聚会，Moran 说“只是有点想让让人们重新恢复那种思维，Waller音乐既是舞曲音乐也是音乐会音乐。”“对我来说，这是一种语境重构。在音乐里，我们的情感存在于哪里？在就如何谈论我们自己，在像Charlie
Parker的唱片中那样抽象的某种东西让我们谈论我们的情感和思想，我们人类是否能够在这样的过程中得到一些感悟呢？有的时候我们失去了一些视野，那就是音乐拥有更广泛的语境，所以我想把这些谈话继续下去，这些事情是我想加强的事情。” Moran说到。
28. Why didUNESCO set April 30 as International Jazz Day?
A. Toremember the birth of jazz.
B. To protectcultural diversity.
C. Toencourage people to study music.
D.To recognize the value of jazz.
29. What doesthe underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A. Jazzbecoming more accessible.
B. Theproduction of jazz growing faster.
C.Jazz being less popular with the young.
D. The jazzaudience becoming larger.
30. What canwe infer about Moran’s opinion on jazz?
A. It willdisappear gradually.
B. It remainsblack and white.
C.It should keep up with the times.
D. It changesevery 50 years.
31. Which ofthe following can be the best title for the text?
A.Exploring the Future of Jazz
B. The Riseand Fall of Jazz
C. The Storyof a Jazz Musician
D.Celebrating the Jazz Day
参考答案DCCA
2. There are
many places to go on safari（观赏野生动物）in Africa，but riding a horse
through the flooded waters of Botswana's Okavango Delta must rank as one of the
world's most exciting wildlife journeys．
Several safari camps operate as the base for this
adventure，providing unique rides twice a day to explore deep into the delta．The camps have excellent
horses，professional
guides and lots of support workers．They have a reputation for providing a great riding
experience．
What does the
underlined word “They” refer to?___
A．Flooded waters
B．Wildlife journey
C．Safari camps
D．Unique rides
答案C，考查代词指代。
【解题思路】上两句中谈到了"Several safari camps"给游客提供的服务以及它们的特点,本句又说明它们因为给游客提供美妙的骑马的经历而闻名,因此They指的是上文提到的"Several safari camps"。
3. When
Masqsood and Iftekhar began to study the problem of all the uncollected rubbish
that lay in Dhaka’s
streets,Attracting tats and disease , they discovered that 80% of it was
natural waste . So they educated the poor people in the city to compost (把……制成堆粪)this waste . They knew
that they would have a market for the end product because local farmers were
struggling with chemical ferntilisers (化肥) which were expensiveand had reduced the natural minerals in the soil over the years . At first ,they were refused ,but once they were able to persuadethemthat therewas money to be made , the project took off. In 2009 sales were $14,000.
The
underlined word "them" in Paragraph 3 probably refers to"___________"
A．the local farmers B．Masqsood and Iftekhar
C．Drayton and his team D．thepoor people in Dhaka
3. 根据第三段的内容：So
they educated the poor people in the city to compost (把……制成堆粪)this
waste .可知Ashoka鼓励当地的穷人将垃圾变成堆肥，可以卖给购买昂贵的化肥当地农民，有人接受，但是有人拒绝，所以这里they指的是“当地的穷人”。所以选D。
4. For most
city people, the elevator is an unremarkable machine that inspires none of the
enthusiasm or interest that Americans afford trains, jets，and even bicycles. Dr.Christopher Wilk is a member of a small group of elevator experts who considerthisa misunderstanding. Without the elevator, they point out, there could be nodowntown skyscrapers or tall buildings, and city life as we know it would beimpossible. In that sense, they argue，the elevator’s role in American history has been no less
significant than that of cars. In fact, according to Wilk? the car and the
elevator have been locked in a “secret war” for over a century,
with cars making it possible for people to spread horizontally (水平地)，and elevators pushing
them toward life in close groups of towering vertical (垂直的)columns.
What does the
underlined word “this” in Paragraph
1 refer to?
A．Thegeneral view of elevators.
B．The particular interestsof experts.
C．The desire for aremarkable machine.
D．The enthusiasm for transportvehicles.
4.小题1:A考查判断推理。根据划线内容推断应该指代的是文章第一段的“For most
city people, the elevator is an unremarkable machine that inspires none of the
enthusiasm or interest that Americans afford trains, jets，and
even bicycles ”即大众对于电梯的看法，故A正确。
5. WaltDisney is credited for creating such wonderful things as Donald Duck and MickeyMouse. However, he cannot take the credit for creating other well-lovedcharacters, such as Cinderella and Snow White.They are almostautomatically associated with Disney because Disney turned old fables(寓言) intocartoon movies.
The original Cinderella varies very much from the Disney
version we know today. It started off with the girl mourning her mother’s death and going to hertomb three times a day. In addition, there were only birds that helpedCinderella; there was no such thing as a fairy godmother or helpful mice, norwas there mention of a horse and carriage.
What dose the underlined word “They” in
the first paragraph refer to?
A．Such wonderful things. B．Otherwell-loved characters.
C．Old fables. D．Cartoon movies.
5. 前一句提到其他一些深受喜爱的角色不能归功于迪斯尼。所以“they”指的是其他一些深受喜爱的角色，故选B。
6. You are
given many opportunities in life to choose to be a victim or a creator. When
you choose to be a victim, the world is a cold and difficult place. “They” did things
to you which caused all of your pain and suffering. “They” are wrong and bad,
and life is terrible as long as “they” are around. Or you may blame yourself
for all your problems, thus internalizing(内化) your victimization.The truth is, your life is likely to stay that way as long as you feel a needto blame yourself or others.
Those who choose to be creators look at life quite
differently. They know there are individuals who might like to control their
lives, but they don’t let this
get in the way. They know they have their weaknesses, yet they don’t blame themselves when
they fail. Whatever happens, they have choice in the matter. They believe their
dance with each sacred(神圣的) moment of life is agift and that storms are a natural part of life which can bring the rain neededfor emotional and spiritual growth.
What does the
word “they” in Paragraph
1 probably refer to?
A．Peopleand things around you.
B．Opportunities andproblems.
C．Creators and theirchoices.
D．Victims and theirsufferings.
6.从下文叙述可知造成痛苦的是“yourself”或者是“they”，所以they与yourself相对，指除了自己以外的其他人或事。故A选项正确。
7. Sparrow is
a fast－food chain
with 200 restaurants. Some years ago，the group to which Sparrow belonged was taken over
by another company. Although Sparrow showed no sign of declining，the chain was generally
in an unhealthy state. With more and more fast－food concepts reaching the market，the Sparrow menu had to
struggle for attention. And to make matters worse，its new owner had no plans to give it the funds itrequired.
Sparrow failed to grow for another two years until a new
CEO，Carl Pearson，decided to build up its
market share. He did a survey，which showed that consumers who already used
Sparrow restaurants were extremely positive about the chain，while customers of other
fast－food chainswere unwilling to turn away fromthem. Sparrow had to develop a newpromotional campaign.
What does the
underlined word “them” in Paragraph
2 refer to?
A．Customers of Sparrowrestaurants.
B．Sparrow restaurants.
C．Customers of other fast－food chains.
D．Other
fast－food chains.
7.根据原文“He did a survey, which showed that consumers
who already used Sparrow restaurants were extremely positive about the chain,
while customers of other fast－food chains
were unwilling to turn away from them...”可知，其他连锁店的顾客不愿离开他们的连锁店，此处，turn
away from 表示“从……处走开”，所以from之后应该表示主语的原始位置，故选D项。答案 D