vagrant+virtual box搭建centos虚拟机

采用vagrant+virtual box搭建centos虚拟机

1 下载安装vagrant

01 访问Vagrant官网
https://www.vagrantup.com/

02 点击Download
Windows，MacOS，Linux等

03 选择对应的版本

04 傻瓜式安装

05 命令行输入vagrant，测试是否安装成功

2 下载安装virtual box

01 访问VirtualBox官网
	https://www.virtualbox.org/

02 选择左侧的“Downloads”

03 选择对应的操作系统版本

04 傻瓜式安装

05 [win10中若出现]安装virtualbox快完成时立即回滚，并提示安装出现严重错误
    (1)打开服务
    (2)找到Device Install Service和Device Setup Manager，然后启动
    (3)再次尝试安装

3 安装centos7

01 创建centos7文件夹，并进入其中[目录全路径不要有中文字符]

02 在此目录下打开cmd，运行vagrant init centos/7
   此时会在当前目录下生成Vagrantfile，同时指定使用的镜像为centos/7，关键是这个镜像在哪里，我已经提前准备好了，名称是virtualbox.box文件
   
03 将virtualbox.box文件添加到vagrant管理的镜像中
	(1)下载网盘中的virtualbox.box文件
    (2)保存到磁盘的某个目录，比如D:\virtualbox.box
    (3)添加镜像并起名叫centos/7：vagrant box add centos/7 D:\virtualbox.box
    (4)vagrant box list  查看本地的box[这时候可以看到centos/7]
	
	**box下载：**
	官方镜像：https://vagrantcloud.com/boxes/search
	第三方仓库：http://www.vagrantbox.es/ 
    
04 centos/7镜像有了，根据Vagrantfile文件启动创建虚拟机
	来到centos7文件夹，在此目录打开cmd窗口，执行vagrant up[打开virtual box观察，可以发现centos7创建成功]
	
05 以后大家操作虚拟机，还是要在centos文件夹打开cmd窗口操作
	vagrant halt   优雅关闭
	vagrant up     正常启动
	
06 vagrant常用命令
	(1)vagrant ssh    
    	进入刚才创建的centos7中
    (2)vagrant status
    	查看centos7的状态
    (3)vagrant halt
    	停止/关闭centos7
    (4)vagrant destroy
    	删除centos7
    (5)vagrant status
    	查看当前vagrant创建的虚拟机
    (6)Vagrantfile中也可以写脚本命令，使得centos7更加丰富
    	但是要注意，修改了Vagrantfile，要想使正常运行的centos7生效，必须使用vagrant reload

至此，使用vagrant+virtualbox搭建centos7完成，后面可以修改Vagrantfile对虚拟机进行相应配置

4 若想通过Xshell连接centos7

01 使用centos7的默认账号连接
	在centos文件夹下执行vagrant ssh-config
	关注:Hostname  Port  IdentityFile
	IP:127.0.0.1
	port:2222
	用户名:vagrant
	密码:vagrant
	文件:Identityfile指向的文件private-key
	
02 使用root账户登录
	vagrant ssh   进入到虚拟机中
	sudo -i
	vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config
	修改PasswordAuthentication yes
	passwd修改密码，比如abc123
	systemctl restart sshd
	使用账号root，密码abc123进行登录

1.5.1.5 Vagrantfile通用写法

# -*- mode: ruby -*-
# vi: set ft=ruby :

# All Vagrant configuration is done below. The "2" in Vagrant.configure
# configures the configuration version (we support older styles for
# backwards compatibility). Please don't change it unless you know what
# you're doing.
Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
  # The most common configuration options are documented and commented below.
  # For a complete reference, please see the online documentation at
  # https://docs.vagrantup.com.

  # Every Vagrant development environment requires a box. You can search for
  # boxes at https://vagrantcloud.com/search.
  config.vm.box = "centos/7"

  # Disable automatic box update checking. If you disable this, then
  # boxes will only be checked for updates when the user runs
  # `vagrant box outdated`. This is not recommended.
  # config.vm.box_check_update = false

  # Create a forwarded port mapping which allows access to a specific port
  # within the machine from a port on the host machine. In the example below,
  # accessing "localhost:8080" will access port 80 on the guest machine.
  # NOTE: This will enable public access to the opened port
  # config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080

  # Create a forwarded port mapping which allows access to a specific port
  # within the machine from a port on the host machine and only allow access
  # via 127.0.0.1 to disable public access
  # config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080, host_ip: "127.0.0.1"

  # Create a private network, which allows host-only access to the machine
  # using a specific IP.
  # config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.33.10"

  # Create a public network, which generally matched to bridged network.
  # Bridged networks make the machine appear as another physical device on
  # your network.
 config.vm.network "public_network", ip: "192.168.31.100"

  # Share an additional folder to the guest VM. The first argument is
  # the path on the host to the actual folder. The second argument is
  # the path on the guest to mount the folder. And the optional third
  # argument is a set of non-required options.
  # config.vm.synced_folder "../data", "/vagrant_data"

  # Provider-specific configuration so you can fine-tune various
  # backing providers for Vagrant. These expose provider-specific options.
  # Example for VirtualBox:
  #
  # config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
  #   # Display the VirtualBox GUI when booting the machine
  #   vb.gui = true
  #
  #   # Customize the amount of memory on the VM:
  #   vb.memory = "1024"
  # end
    config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
        vb.memory = "4000"
        vb.name= "jack-centos7"
        vb.cpus= 2
    end
  #
  # View the documentation for the provider you are using for more
  # information on available options.

  # Enable provisioning with a shell script. Additional provisioners such as
  # Puppet, Chef, Ansible, Salt, and Docker are also available. Please see the
  # documentation for more information about their specific syntax and use.
  # config.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
  #   apt-get update
  #   apt-get install -y apache2
  # SHELL
end

6 box的打包分发

01 退出虚拟机
	vagrant halt

02 打包
	vagrant package --output first-docker-centos7.box
	
03 得到first-docker-centos7.box
	
04 将first-docker-centos7.box添加到其他的vagrant环境中
	vagrant box add first-docker-centos7 first-docker-centos7.box
	
05 得到Vagrantfile
	vagrant init first-docker-centos7

06 根据Vagrantfile启动虚拟机
	vagrant up [此时可以得到和之前一模一样的环境，但是网络要重新配置]