定语从句用法总结篇

    老师叮咛:无论学习什么,必须先搞定定义,明白我们要学习的是什么。下面有关定语从句的内容非常重要,经过了全网首席高考英语名师李辉老师团队高度认真地整理校对、无错、可信!可供全国各省高中生打印、学习、背诵!

辉哥说:学任何东西先要把一些概念说清楚—— 正名的过程名不正则言不顺做任何一门学问,要知道这里头的概念说的是什么意思——正名

一、定语从句的概念 

在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句

一般放在先行词的后面。


二、定语从句的关系词 

引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括 that, which, who(宾格

whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包括where, when, why 等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行

词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。


三、定语从句的分类

根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性

定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去,非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间

有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。


四、关系代词的用法

1. that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时不可省略,作宾语

可省略。

例如:Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.    

玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that 作主语)

The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.

我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that 作宾语)


2.which 用于指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。

例如:The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.

位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语)

The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful.

我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。


3.who, whom 用于指人, who 用作主语, whom 用作宾语。在口语中,有时可用who代替whom,

也可省略。

例如:The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.

经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语)

Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to?

正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(作宾语)

注意:

(1)当定语从句中含有介词,介词放在句末时,who / that / which 可省略,但介词在关系代

词前时,只能用“ 介词 + which / whom ”结构。

例如:This is the house in which we lived last year.

这是我们去年居住的房子。

Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.

请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。

(2)含有介词的固定动词词组中,介词不可前置,只能放在原来的位置上。

例如:This is the person whom you are looking for.

这就是你要找的那个人。

(3)that 作介词的宾语时,介词不能放它的前面,只能放在从句中动词的后面。

例如:The city that she lives in is very far away.

她居住的城市非常远。

(4)关系词只能用that 的情况: 

a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时,只能

用that,而不用which。

例如:He was the first person that passed the exam.

他是第一个通过考试的人。

b.被修饰的先行词为all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one 等不

定代词时,只能用that,而不用which。

例如:Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop?

你在商店里有什么东西要买吗? 

c.先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等词修饰时,只能用that,而不用which。

例如:This is the same bike that I lost.

这就是我丢的那辆自行车。

d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用that,而不用which。

例如:I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.

我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。

e.以who 或which 引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that。

例如:Who is the girl that is crying?

正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?

f.主句是there be 结构,修饰主语的定语从句用that,而不用which。

例如:There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.

桌子上那本书是汤姆的。

(5)关系词只能用which,而不用that 的情况:

a.先行词为that,those 时,用which,而不用that。

例如:What’s that which is under the desk?

在桌子底下的那些东西是什么? 

b.关系代词前有介词时,一般用which,而不用that。

例如:This is the room in which he lives.

这是他居住的房间。

c.引导非限制性定语从句,用which,而不用that。

例如:Tom came back,which made us happy.

汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。


五、关系副词的用法 

(1)when 指时间,其先行词表示时间,在句中作时间状语。

例如:This was the time when he arrived.

这是他到达的时间。

(2)where 指地点,其先行词表示地点,在句中作地点状语。

例如:This is place where he works.

这是他工作的地点。

(3)why 指原因,其先行词是原因,起原因状语作用。

例如:Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.

没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。





例题:

单项填空。

1. -Do you know the man ______is talking with your father?

-Yes,he's our headmaster.

A. he      B. who         C. which   D. whom

2. Is this the river _____I can swim?

A. which   B. in which     C. that     D. the one

3. This is the best hotel in the city _____I know.

A. where   B. which       C. that     D. it

4. Can you lend me the dictionary ______the other day?

A. that you bought           B. you bought it

C. that you bought it         D. which you bought it

5. Anyone ______with what I said may put up you hands.

A. which agrees     B. who agree     C. who agrees      D. which agree

6. My watch is not the only thing ______ is missing.

A. that          B. it         C. which       D.who

7. The man ______coat is black is waiting at the gate.

A. who's        B. whose       C. that         D.of which.

8. The girl ______ is reading under the tree _____my sister.

A. which; is       B. whom; was     C. who; is       D. who; was

9. I love places ______the people are really friendly.

A. that         B. which       C. where       D. who

10. The world ______ is made up of matter.

A. in that we live            B. on which we live

C. where we live in          D. we live in




参考答案:1-5BBCAC      6-10 ABCCC

(第十题解析:首先这句话的主句是完整的,且被修饰的名词“The world”在句子中充当成分,因而这个句子是定语从句,所以排除AB;又因为CD中的从句完整,所以被修饰词跟从句之间应该有一个关系副词,故第十题选C。)

(该资料来源于网络)

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