day-35 七层负载均衡

根据url 调度不同的集群 url.oldxu.com
10.0.0.5
10.0.0.7 /pass
10.0.0.8 /user

#1、web01和web02配置  (只不过代码不一样)
[root@web01 ~]# cd /etc/nginx/conf
[root@web01 conf.d]# cat url.oldxu.com.conf 
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name url.oldxu.com;
    root /code;

    location / {
        index index.html;
    }
}
#2、lb配置
[root@lb01 conf.d]# cat proxy_url.oldxu.com.conf 
upstream user {
    server 172.16.1.8;
}
upstream pass {
    server 172.16.1.7;
}

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name url.oldxu.com;
    location / {
        proxy_pass http://user;
        include proxy_params;
    }
    location /user {
                proxy_pass http://user;
                include proxy_params;
    }
    location /pass {
                proxy_pass http://pass;
                include proxy_params;
    }
}
#3、重启nginx服务
[root@lb01 conf.d]# systemctl restart nginx

根据设备调度不同的集群 ( 浏览器 ) ( 手机 )
10.0.0.5
10.0.0.7 pc
10.0.0.8 phone

#1、所有的web都需要配置
[root@web01 ~]# cd /etc/nginx/conf.d
[root@web01 conf.d]# cat /etc/nginx/conf.d/agent.oldxu.com.conf 
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name agent.oldxu.com;
    root /code;

    location / {
        index index.html;
    }

}

#2、代理配置
[root@lb01 ~]# cd /etc/nginx/conf.d
[root@lb01 conf.d]# cat proxy_agent.oldxu.com.conf 
upstream pc {
    server 172.16.1.7:80;
}

upstream phone {
    server 172.16.1.8:80;
}

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name agent.oldxu.com;
    location / {
        #默认都走pc
        proxy_pass http://pc;
        include proxy_params;
        default_type text/html;
        charset utf-8;

        #如果是安卓或iphone,则走phone
        if ( $http_user_agent ~* "android|iphone|iPad" ) {
            proxy_pass http://phone;
        }

        #如果是IE浏览器,要么拒绝,要么返回一个好的浏览器下载页面
        if ( $http_user_agent ~*  "MSIE" ) {
            return 200 '点击下载正版浏览器google.exe';
        }
    }
}

多级负载下透传真实ip

#1、一级代理proxy_node1 Nginx配置
[root@lb01 ~]# cd /etc/nginx/conf.d
[root@lb01 conf.d]# cat proxy_ip.xuliangwei.com.conf 
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name ip.xuliangwei.com;
    
    location / {
        proxy_pass http://10.0.0.6;
        proxy_http_version 1.1;
        proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
    }
}

#2、二级代理proxy_node2 nginx 配置
[root@lb01 conf.d]# cat proxy_ip.xuliangwei.com.conf 
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name ip.xuliangwei.com;
    
    location / {
        proxy_pass http://10.0.0.7;
        proxy_http_version 1.1;
        proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
    }
}

#3、三级代理proxy_node3 Nginx配置
[root@lb01 conf.d]# cat proxy_ip.xuliangwei.com.conf 
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name ip.xuliangwei.com;
    
    location / {
        proxy_pass http://10.0.0.8;
        proxy_http_version 1.1;
        proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
    }
}

#4、webserver nginx配置
[root@web02 conf.d]# cat ip.xuliangwei.com.conf 
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name ip.xuliangwei.com;
    root /code;
    
    location / {
        index index.php index.html;
    }
    location ~ \.php$ {
        fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        include fastcgi_params;
    }
}

测试方式一，通过如下页面获取真实IP，或查看 phpinfo() 函数中的 HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR
[root@web02 conf.d]# cat /code/index.php 


测试方式二，通过查看日志测试
#1.proxy_node1代理的日志
10.0.0.1 - - "GET /index.php HTTP/1.1" 200

#2.proxy_node2代理的日志
10.0.0.5 - -  "GET /index.php HTTP/1.1" 200  "10.0.0.1"

#3.proxy_node3代理的日志
10.0.0.6 - - "GET /index.php HTTP/1.1" 200 "10.0.0.1, 10.0.0.5" 

#4.真实web节点的日志
10.0.0.7 - - "GET /index.php HTTP/1.1" 200 "10.0.0.1, 10.0.0.5, 10.0.0.6"

Nginx RealIP获取真实IP

使用nginx Realip_module获取多级代理下的客户端真实IP地址,在真实Web节点上配置，配置信息如下：
[root@web02 conf.d]# cat ip.xuliangwei.com.conf 
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name ip.xuliangwei.com;
    root /code;
    set_real_ip_from  10.0.0.5;
    set_real_ip_from  10.0.0.6;
    set_real_ip_from  10.0.0.7;
    real_ip_header    X-Forwarded-For;
    real_ip_recursive on;
    #set_real_ip_from：真实服务器上一级代理的IP地址或者IP段,可以写多行
    #real_ip_header：从哪个header头检索出需要的IP地址
    #real_ip_recursive：递归排除set_real_ip_from里面出现的IP,其余没有出现的认为是用户真实IP


    location / {
        index index.php index.html;
    }
    
    location ~ \.php$ {
        fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        include fastcgi_params;
    }
}

最终结果是"10.0.0.1 - - "GET /index.php HTTP/1.1" 200 "10.0.0.5, 10.0.0.6"
10.0.0.5，10.0.0.6都出现在set_real_ip_from中，仅仅10.0.0.1没出现，那么他就被认为是用户的ip地址，同时会被赋值到 $remote_addr变量中。

获取真实IP总结：
forwarded-for：可以获取到用户的真实IP地址。
nginx realip：程序无需改动，直接使用remote_addr变量即可获取真实IP地址，但需要知道所有沿途经过的IP地址或IP段