案例：规范时间序列2-使用数据字典

import os
os.chdir('C:\\Users\\Sonia\\Desktop\\Headfirstpython\\handledata2')  #切换文件目录

'''将时间转换为mins.secs的格式'''
def sanitize(time_string):
    if '-' in time_string:
        splitter = '-'
        
    elif ':' in time_string:
        splitter = ':'

    else:
        return(time_string)

    (mins,secs) = time_string.split(splitter)
    return(mins + '.' + secs)

#方法①，不使用数据字典
def read(filename,separator = ','):
    try:
        with open(filename,"r") as file:
            data = file.readline()
        #return(data.strip().split(separator)
            list = data.strip().split(separator)
            name = list[0]
            birth_day = list[1]
            list.pop(0)
            list.pop(0)
            print('姓名：'+name)
            print('出生年月日：'+birth_day)
            sort_list = sorted(set(sanitize(each_item) for each_item in list))
            print('成绩：'+str(sort_list))

    except IOError as err:
        print('File Error:' + str(err))
        return(None)

#方法②，使用数据字典
def get_coach_data(filename,separator = ','):
    try:
        with open(filename,"r") as file:
            data = file.readline()
        temp = data.strip().split(separator)

        dict_file={'name':temp.pop(0),'birthday':temp.pop(0),'times':temp}

        print('name:'+dict_file['name'])

        print('times:'+str(sorted(set([sanitize(t) for t in dict_file['times']]))[0:3]))

    except IOError as err:
        print('File Error:' + str(err))
        return(None)


get_coach_data('james2.txt')
get_coach_data('julie2.txt')
get_coach_data('mikey2.txt')
get_coach_data('sarah2.txt')

运行结果：

name:James Lee
times:['2.01', '2.16', '2.22']
name:Julie Jones
times:['2.11', '2.23', '2.59']
name:Mikey McManus
times:['2.22', '2.31', '2.38']
name:Sarah Sweeney
times:['2.18', '2.21', '2.22']