magento与theme

magento的开发原则:

1.不要修改magento的Core.

2.对于需要添加的功能,如果使用theme即可以解决的问题，即修改theme即可。如果必须做成插件才可以完成的，则考虑使用插件

3. 规范的书写代码

 

MAGENTO与theme的开发要点

---

1. 添加以及移除javascript以及CSS
2. 静态块的使用
3. setting template
4. 新页面的布局
5. 常用的layout语法
6. MAGENTO 模板的语法

 

常用的layout文件

catalog.xml layout文件的语法规则

xml 实际上是某一个页面的布局说明,它包含了多个reference(menu,header,left,right).

reference相当于在一个页面中的多个核心部位,比如header,content,left,right,footer etc.

reference包括了多个block(类似于HTML中的块状结构),为了保证重用性以及灵活性，一般都使用引用template.

对于block而言，可能它还可能有图片设置，文本设置，链接设置等，这就需要使用到action.

 

 

常见的layout文件

 

 

常见的reference块（默认情况下)

 

<reference name="root">
           <action method="setTemplate"><template>page/2columns-right.phtml</template></action>
</reference>

<reference name="top.menu"></reference>

 

<reference name="content"></reference>

<reference name="left"></reference>

<reference name="right"></reference>

<reference name="footer_links"></reference>

<reference name="head"></reference>

 

 

<reference name="product.info"></reference>

<reference name="minicart"></reference>

 

 

 

常见的block格式

<block type="catalog/navigation" name="catalog.topnav"
template="catalog/navigation/top.phtml"/>

 

 

常见的默认action:

<action method="addJs" ifconfig="dev/js/deprecation"><script>prototype/deprecation.js</script></action>

<action method="addCss"><stylesheet>css/styles.css</stylesheet></action>

 

<action method="setTemplate"><template>page/2columns-right.phtml</template></action>

 

 

<action method="addColumnCountLayoutDepend"><layout>two_columns_left</layout><count>4</count></action>

<action method="setDefaultGridPerPage"><limit>3</limit></action>
<action method="addPagerLimit"><mode>list</mode><limit>2</limit></action>

 

 

<action method="unsetChildren"></action>

 

 

 

<block type="catalog/product_list_upsell" name="product.info.upsell" as="upsell_products" template="catalog/product/list/upsell.phtml">
                  <action method="setColumnCount"><columns>4</columns></action>
                  <action method="setItemLimit"><type>upsell</type><limit>4</limit></action>
              </block>

 

<action method="addItem">
<type>skin_js</type><name>js/lightbox.js</name>
</action>

 

<action method="addItem"><type>js_css</type><name>calendar/calendar-win2k-1.css</name><params/><!--<if/><condition>can_load_calendar_js</condition>--></action>
            <action method="addItem"><type>js</type><name>calendar/calendar.js</name><!--<params/><if/><condition>can_load_calendar_js</condition>--></action>
            <action method="addItem"><type>js</type><name>calendar/calendar-setup.js</name><!--<params/><if/><condition>can_load_calendar_js</condition>—></action>

 

 

<reference name="seo.sitemap.links">
           <action method="addLink" translate="label title" module="catalog"><label>Categories Sitemap</label><url helper="catalog/map/getCategoryUrl"/><title>Categories Sitemap</title></action>

 

 

 

删除block或者是action

---

删除block

<reference name="content">

              <remove name="right.permanent.callout_copy" />
              <remove name="right.permanent.callout" />

</reference>

 

 

删除reference

<reference name="root">

          <remove name="right"/>
          <remove name="left"/>

</reference>

 

 

 

 

 

block块的在同一reference中的位置顺序调整

You can use the ‘before’ and ‘after’ attribute in the block tag to position the blocks.

1. before="-" positions the block before all other blocks
2. after="-" positions the block after all other block
3. before="some_block" positions this block before another block with name="some_block"
4. after="some_block" position this block after another block with name="some_block"

For example <block name="this_block" before="that_block"/>

 

 

应用到themem中常用API

---

得到首页地址

<a href="<?php echo $this->getUrl('')?>"><?php echo $this->__('Home') ?></a>

Every Page and PAI in theme

$this->getUrl()

$this->getTitle()

$this->getTags()

 

 

CMS page中的各种变量引用

<img src="{{skin url='img_products/big_banner.jpg'}}" alt="Big banner" title="Big banner" />  

此图片文件来自于skin中的theme目录

 

Block: This creates a static block with specified ID.

    For example: {{block type='core/template' template='cms/your_page.phtml'}}

Layout: This renders an HTML layout output for the specified layout. The  handle attribute expects the name of a layout handle.

    For example: {{layout handle="default"}}

Media: This retrieves path of files from root/media folder.

     For example: {{media url="images/logo.png"}}

Skin: This gets files from active theme in skin/frontend folder.

    For example: <img src="{{skin url='images/media/about_us.png'}}"/>

Store: This creates routes and custom URLs for Magento store.

   For example: {{store url="contact"}} would render the full URL for that path.

 

 

 

 

MAGENTO中的helper助手

 

$this->helper('catalogsearch')

 

$this->helper('catalogsearch')->getResultUrl()

$this->helper('catalogsearch')->getQueryParamName()

$this->helper('catalogsearch')->getEscapedQueryText()

 

 

Mage::helper('directory')

Mage::helper('directory')->currencyConvert()

 

Image

$this->helper('catalog/image')

$this->helper('catalog/image')->init($this->getProduct(), 'image', $_image->getFile())->resize(640, 480); ?>"

 

 

 

shopping cart中的API

 

在模板中加载javascript或者CSS

var BLANK_IMG = '<?php echo $this->helper('core/js')->getJsUrl('spacer.gif') ?>';

var SKIN_URL = '<?php echo $this->helper('core/js')->getJsSkinUrl('') ?>';

 

 

 

 

CMS中的API

Mage::getSingleton('cms/page')

 

is_home()

 

$checkhome=true;
$page = Mage::app()->getFrontController()-
>getRequest()->getRouteName();
if ($page == 'cms'){
$checkhome=(Mage::getSingleton('cms/page')-
>getIdentifier()=='home') ? false : true;
}

 

 

Product 与 API

$cat_id = "35";

 

得到store ID

$storeId = Mage::app()->getStore()->getId();

$_productCollection = Mage::getResourceModel('catalog/product_
collection')
->addAttributeToSelect(array('name', 'price', 'small_image','short_description'), 'inner')
->addCategoryFilter(Mage::getModel('catalog/category')

>setStoreId($storeId)

>addStoreFilter($storeId)

->load($cat_id));

if(!$_productCollection->count()){
echo $this->__('No products in the homepage category.');
}else{

foreach ($_productCollection as $_product){

$_product->getName()

}

}

 

get product images

$this->getGalleryImages()

 

<?php foreach ($this->getGalleryImages() as $_image): ?>
<li>
<a href="<?php echo $this->helper('catalog/image')->init($this->getProduct(), 'image', $_image->getFile())->resize(640, 480); ?>" 
  rel="lightbox[rotation]" title="<?php echo $_product->getName();?>">
 
<img src="<?php echo $this->helper('catalog/image')->init($this->getProduct(), 'thumbnail', $_image->getFile())->resize(68, 68); ?>" width="68" height="68" alt=""/>
</a>
</li>
<?php endforeach; ?>

for standalone image:

$this->getImageLabel();

 

 

price

$price = $_product->getFinalPrice();
$base_currency_code = Mage::app()->getStore()->getBaseCurrencyCode();
$current_currency_code = Mage::app()->getStore()->getCurrentCurrencyCode();
$conversion = Mage::helper('directory')->currencyConvert($price, $base_currency_code, $current_currency_code);

echo Mage::helper('core')->currency($conversion);

 

 

 

 

store 与 API

 

Mage::app()->getStore() 当前store中的各种属性值

 

$store = Mage::app()->getStore();

 

$store_id = $store->getId();

$store_name = $store->getName();

 

$baseCurrencyCode = $store->getBaseCurrencyCode();

 

Getting the base currency:
Mage::app()->getStore()->getBaseCurrencyCode();

 

Getting the current currency:
Mage::app()->getStore()->getCurrentCurrencyCode();

 

Getting store URL(getUrl--->CMS/Page 中的识别符)

Mage::app()->getStore()->getUrl("about-us-german");

 

 

Mage::getStoreConfig()

Mage::getStoreConfig('design/head/title_prefix')

 

Mage::getStoreConfig('design/head/title_suffix')

 

 

 

Mage对象

Mage::getBaseUrl()  返回当前网址(Document Root所mapping 的 URL值)

<img title="Don't miss ouroffers" src="<?php echo Mage::getBaseUrl(); ?>/skin/frontend/default/rafael/img_products/dont_miss_our_offers.jpg" /></a>

 

 

 

 

针对图片，JS,CSS等前端文件的获取

 

针对skin中的模板图片

phtml中得到skin目录中的图片

<img    title="Don't miss ouroffers"  src="<?php echo Mage::getBaseUrl(); ?>/skin/frontend/default/rafael/img_products/dont_miss_our_offers.jpg"   /></a>

another way to get Image URL

<img src="<?php echo $this->getSkinUrl('images/payment_logos/masterCard.png'); ?>"  alt="master card"/>

 

Tips: getSkinUrl的起始目录即为skin。