业务逻辑不能用http状态码判断,应该有自己的逻辑判断。想要前端需要判断(好多if…else),所以需要标准化,标准化返回。
json标准化返回:
最外面:data,message,code三个字段。
data:返回的数据
code:应用状态码:先设计好,成功-0,失败–登录失败1,注册失败2
msg:返回的说明
我们写的接口也要按照这个格式来
添加libs/response.py
def generate_response(data = None, msg = "success!", code = 10000):
# 约定返回的数据格式
if data is None:
data = []
return {
"code": code,
"msg": msg,
"data": data
}
然后修改返回:
login.py
from flask import Blueprint, request
from config.settings import user_dict
from libs.response import generate_response
login_bp = Blueprint("login_bp", __name__, url_prefix="/v1")
@login_bp.route("login")
def login():
user = request.json.get("username")
passwd = request.json.get("passwd")
local_user_passwd = user_dict.get(user)
if local_user_passwd and passwd == local_user_passwd:
return generate_response(msg="success")
return generate_response(msg="login fail!", code=10001)
register.py
from flask import Blueprint, request
from config.settings import user_dict
from libs.response import generate_response
register_bp = Blueprint("register_bp", __name__, url_prefix="/v1")
@register_bp.route("register")
def register():
username = request.json.get("username")
passwd = request.json.get("passwd")
re_passwd = request.json.get("re_passwd")
if not (username and passwd and re_passwd):
return generate_response(msg="参数传递不完整", code=3)
elif passwd != re_passwd:
return generate_response(msg="注册密码不一致", code=2)
elif username in user_dict:
return generate_response(msg="用户已注册",code=1)
else:
user_dict[username] = passwd
print(f"user_dict is {user_dict}")
return generate_response(msg="register success!", code=10000)
连接数据库(为了避免频繁的打开关闭消耗过多资源)
libs/conn_mysql.py
import pymysql
from config.settings import DB_PASS, DB_PORT, DB_SCHEM, DB_USER, DB_HOST
def conn_mysql():
conn = pymysql.connect(
host = DB_HOST,
port = DB_PORT,
user = DB_USER,
password = DB_PASS,
db = DB_SCHEM
)
return conn
为了只连一次,绑到app上
app.py添加:
上面返回了一个连接对象conn,把他作为一个属性交给了sq_app对象,再给sq_app对象随意的可以设置属性,自己定义(mysql_db)。所以把连接交给了app。
def create_app():
#连接数据库
sq_app.mysql_db = conn_mysql()
刚好flask提供了一个current_app,在你请求过来的时候,会把你当前的app的上下文内容放在current_app里。
router/product_view/product.py
from . import product_bp
from flask import current_app
from libs.response import generate_response
@product_bp.route("/product/get")
def get_product():
# import pymysql
# db = pymysql.connect(host='192.168.1.150',
# user='jiangda97',
# password='Jiangda123#',
# database='sq-flask')
cursor = current_app.mysql_db.cursor()
cursor.execute("select * from product_info")
data = cursor.fetchall()
print(data)
# db.close()
if data:
return generate_response(data=data, msg="get product info success!")
else:
return generate_response(msg="get data empty", code = 4)
router/product_view/__init__.py
from flask import Blueprint
product_bp = Blueprint("product_bp", __name__, url_prefix="/v1")
from . import product
分表
优点:节省空间,避免数据不必要的膨胀。
缺点:
新增了一个product_kind_table表
select product_info.product_id, product_info.product_name, product_kind_table.kind, product_info.product_price, product_info.product_address
from product_info inner join product_kind_table
on product_kind = id
where product_id = 1
修改代码router/product_view/product.py
# 通过url携带参数来传递id
id = request.args.get("id")
if id is None:
sql_str = f"select product_info.product_id, product_info.product_name, product_kind_table.kind, product_info.product_price, product_info.product_address \
from product_info inner join product_kind_table \
on product_kind = id\
where product_id = {id}"
else:
sql_str = f"select product_info.product_id, product_info.product_name, product_kind_table.kind, product_info.product_price, product_info.product_address \
from product_info inner join product_kind_table \
on product_kind = id\
where product_id = {id}"
cursor = current_app.mysql_db.cursor()
cursor.execute(sql_str)
data = cursor.fetchall()
# print(data)
# db.close ()
if data:
return generate_response(data=data, msg="get product info success!")
else:
return generate_response(msg="get data empty", code = 4)
object relation mapping对象关系映射
orm对象持久化对象
数据库的表 – 类
表中的字段 – 属性
一行行记录 – 对象
models/__init__.py
from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
#生成对象映射实例(db就是我们的中间层)
db = SQLAlchemy()
def init_app_db(app):
db.init_app(app)
models/product.py
from . import db
class ProductInfo(db.Model):
__tablename__ = "product_info"
product_id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
product_name = db.Column(db.String(256))
product_kind = db.Column(db.Integer)
product_price = db.Column(db.Float)
product_address = db.Column(db.String(128))
都得运行:init文件添加from . import product
绑定到核心对象:app.py文件添加
import models
models.init_app_db(sq_app)
最后运行报错:
RuntimeError: Either ‘SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI’ or ‘SQLALCHEMY_BINDS’
must be set.
意思是需要设置这两个变量,即orm映射的数据库信息。
config/settings.py添加
SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI = "mysql+pymysql://jiangda97:Jiangda123#@192.168.1.150:3306/sq-flask"
之前我们在app.py将settings都读入sq_app.config里了,且是都大写的key。
刚好我们的SQLAchemy底层就是会自动读取sq_app.config里的关于连接数据库的操作。
SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI = “mysql+pymysql://jiangda97:Jiangda123#@192.168.1.150:3306/sq-flask”
底层+用的连接方式://用户名:密码@host:port/数据库名
然后我们准备用它来完成一个增加操作,在router/product_view/product.py
from models.product import ProductInfo
from models import db
# 新增数据库记录
@product_bp.route("/product/add", methods=['POST'])
def product_add():
# 接收客户端的传递
pro_name = request.json.get("proname")
pro_kind = request.json.get("prokind")
pro_price = request.json.get("proprice")
pro_address = request.json.get("proadd")
# 实例化类成对象
proinfo = ProductInfo()
# 设置属性
proinfo.product_name = pro_name
proinfo.product_kind = pro_kind
proinfo.product_price = pro_price
proinfo.product_address = pro_address
# 实例化并设置属性也可以这么写
# proinfo = ProductInfo(product_name = pro_name,
# product_kind = pro_kind,
# product_price = pro_price,
# product_address = pro_address)
# 生效到数据库
db.session.add(proinfo)
db.session.commit()
return generate_response(msg="add success!")
添加models/product.py
在该类下
add_time = db.Column(db.DateTime, default=datetime.datetime.now())
数据库迁移工具,版本管理 – flask-migrate
改server.py
# 数据库迁移工具,版本管理 -- flask-migrate
from flask_migrate import Migrate
from models import db
migrate = Migrate(sq_app, db)
if __name__ == '__main__':
sq_app.run(host = sq_app.config['HOST'],
port = sq_app.config['PORT'],
debug = sq_app.config['DEBUG'])
方便开发,不改变应用逻辑,只是方便我们把orm映射的类,这个添加的字段生效到数据库,不需要自己修改数据库了。
terminal中输入该命令,(在命令行操控flask – flask cli)
(venv) D:\sq-flask>flask --app server:sq_app db init
Creating directory 'D:\\sq-flask\\migrations' ... done
Creating directory 'D:\\sq-flask\\migrations\\versions' ... done
Generating D:\sq-flask\migrations\alembic.ini ... done
Generating D:\sq-flask\migrations\env.py ... done
Generating D:\sq-flask\migrations\README ... done
Generating D:\sq-flask\migrations\script.py.mako ... done
Please edit configuration/connection/logging settings in 'D:\\sq-flask\\migrations\\alembic.ini' befor
e proceeding.
然后就会产生一个migrations的文件夹
migrate单独用不了,借助flask cli命令行工具,migrate绑定好app后,自动创建好db命令。
初始化flask --app server:sq_app db init
–app 指定运行哪个app
初始化会创建migrations的文件夹
可以随时删,再init,做了修改,提交版本!
(venv) D:\sq-flask>flask --app server:sq_app db migrate -m "add time"
INFO [alembic.runtime.migration] Context impl MySQLImpl.
INFO [alembic.runtime.migration] Will assume non-transactional DDL.
INFO [alembic.autogenerate.compare] Detected removed table 'product_kind_table'
INFO [alembic.autogenerate.compare] Detected added column 'product_info.add_time'
INFO [alembic.autogenerate.compare] Detected NULL on column 'product_info.product_name'
INFO [alembic.autogenerate.compare] Detected NULL on column 'product_info.product_kind'
INFO [alembic.autogenerate.compare] Detected NULL on column 'product_info.product_price'
INFO [alembic.autogenerate.compare] Detected NULL on column 'product_info.product_address'
Generating D:\衡山\2023-文老师\sq-flask\migrations\versions\43aac3b3bb51_add_time.py ... done
upgrade就可以生效了
(venv) D:\sq-flask>flask --app server:sq_app db upgrade
INFO [alembic.runtime.migration] Context impl MySQLImpl.
INFO [alembic.runtime.migration] Will assume non-transactional DDL.
INFO [alembic.runtime.migration] Running upgrade -> 43aac3b3bb51, add time
严格按照orm定义好的模型,保持数据库和模型一致,如果数据库有,orm定义的模型没有,则会把数据库多出来的删掉。
回退:flask --app server:sq_app db downgrade
命令行进入上下文环境:(用来测试调试代码)
flask --app server:sq_app shell
(venv) D:\sq-flask>flask --app server:sq_app shell
Python 3.9.1 (tags/v3.9.1:1e5d33e, Dec 7 2020, 17:08:21) [MSC v.1927 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32
App: app
Instance: D:\sq-flask\instance
>>> from models.product import ProductInfo
>>> p1 = ProductInfo()
>>> p1.product_name = "3333"
>>> p1.product_kind = 2
>>> p1.product_price = 22
>>> p1.product_address = "山东"
>>> from models import db
>>> db.session.add(p1)
>>> db.session.commit()
>>>
查询和修改:
修改其属性。
>>> p2 = ProductInfo.query.get(3)
>>> p2
<ProductInfo 3>
>>> dir(p2)
['__abstract__', '__annotations__', '__class__', '__delattr__', '__dict__', '__dir__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__for
mat__', '__fsa__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__init_subclass__', '__le__',
'__lt__', '__mapper__', '__module__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__setattr__
', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', '__table__', '__tablename__', '__weakref__', '_sa_class_manager',
'_sa_instance_state', '_sa_registry', 'add_time', 'metadata', 'product_address', 'product_id', 'product_kind', 'pr
oduct_name', 'product_price', 'query', 'query_class', 'registry']
>>> p2.product_name
'牛肉'
>>> p2.product_name = "牛肌肉"
>>> db.session.add(p2)
>>> db.session.commit()
>>>
删除:
>>> p3 = ProductInfo.query.get(4)
>>> db.session.delete(p3)
>>> db.session.commit()
综合:id通过url携带参数传递,完成修改和删除
删除:/product/modify – PUT
删除:/product/delete – DELETE
router/product_view/product.py
@product_bp.route("/product/modify", methods=['PUT'])
def product_modify():
# 接收客户端的传递携带的参数
id = request.args.get("id")
p1 = ProductInfo.query.get(id)
if p1:
# 接收客户端的传递
pro_name = request.json.get("proname")
pro_kind = request.json.get("prokind")
pro_price = request.json.get("proprice")
pro_address = request.json.get("proadd")
p1.product_name = pro_name
p1.product_kind = pro_kind
p1.product_price = pro_price
p1.product_address = pro_address
db.session.add(p1)
db.session.commit()
return generate_response(msg="modify success!")
else:
return generate_response(msg="no such product!", code=5)
修改:尽管你修改一个,但你提交的时候得提交全部的字段
删除:
@product_bp.route("/product/delete", methods=['DELETE'])
def product_delete():
id = request.args.get("id")
p2 = ProductInfo.query.get(id)
if p2:
db.session.delete(p2)
db.session.commit()
return generate_response(msg="delete success")
else:
return generate_response(msg="no such product", code=6)
查询:
query.get() 一般用来查询主键
query.all() 查询所有(列表类型)
>>> ProductInfo.query.filter_by(product_kind=1).all()
[<ProductInfo 1>, <ProductInfo 2>]
>>> ProductInfo.query.filter(ProductInfo.product_kind == 1).all()
[<ProductInfo 1>, <ProductInfo 2>]