游戏编程----Python
前言
我们将制作这样一个游戏，移动挡板挡住笑脸球，不让它掉到屏幕底部。
制作游戏的两个能力：绘制动画的能力和处理用户交互的能力。
设计游戏要考虑的要素（以Smiley Pong为例）：
玩游戏的区域或游戏板 一个黑色的屏幕，表示一个Ping-Pong游戏板的一半。
目标和成就 玩家试图得分并避免丢掉命。
游戏部件(游戏角色和对象) 玩家有一个球和一个挡板。
规则 “如果球碰到了挡板，玩家得到1分;如果球碰到了屏幕的底部，玩家丢掉一条命。
机制 我们使用鼠标来左右移动挡板，守卫屏幕的底部;随着游戏的进行，球将会移动得更快。
资源 玩家将会有5条命，或者尽可能多地得分。
一、构建游戏框架-Smiley Pong 1.0 版
以下面的程序为基础（弹跳的笑脸程序）
# SmileyBounce2.py
import pygame # Setup
pygame.init()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode([800,600])
keep_going = True
pic = pygame.image.load("CrazySmile.bmp")
colorkey = pic.get_at((0,0))
pic.set_colorkey(colorkey)
picx = 0
picy = 0
BLACK = (0,0,0)
timer = pygame.time.Clock()
speedx = 5
speedy = 5
while keep_going: # Game loop
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
keep_going = False
picx += speedx
picy += speedy
if picx <= 0 or picx + pic.get_width() >= 800:
speedx = -speedx
if picy <= 0 or picy + pic.get_height() >= 600:
speedy = -speedy
screen.fill(BLACK)
screen.blit(pic, (picx, picy))
pygame.display.update()
timer.tick(60)
pygame.quit() # Exit绘制挡板
挡板的设置：
WHITE = (255,255,255) #挡板的颜色
paddlew = 200 #宽度
paddleh = 25 #高度
paddlex = 300 #起始x坐标
paddley = 550 #起始y坐标我们让挡板跟随鼠标在屏幕底部左右移动，并让鼠标的x坐标位于挡板中央：
paddlex = pygame.mouse.get_pos()[0]
paddlex -= paddlew/2绘制挡板：
pygame.draw.rect(screen, WHITE, (paddlex, paddley, paddlew, paddleh))记录分数
设置分数和生命数的初始值：
points = 0
lives = 5减少命数
为了游戏更具一般性，作如下设置：
screenw=800
screenh=600
screen = pygame.display.set_mode([screenw,screenh])
picw = 100 #笑脸球的宽度
pich = 100 #笑脸球的高度当笑脸球碰到屏幕底部时，笑脸球的y坐标等于screenh-pich，所以picy>=screenh-pich时，命数要减少，所以修改笑脸球碰到屏幕上下边缘时的代码：
if picy <= 0:
speedy = -speedy
if picy >= screenh-pich:
lives -= 1
speedy = -speedy用挡板碰到球
因为笑脸与挡板都是虚拟的，所以笑脸可以穿过挡板再反弹上来，那么也能符合上面的规定，但是不符合现实情况，所以我们要确保笑脸是向下运动的时候，符合上面的规定，所以得出挡板碰到球的条件：
if picy + pich >= paddley and picy + pich <= paddley + paddleh \
and speedy > 0:
if picx + picw / 2 >= paddlex and picx + picw / 2 <= paddlex + \
paddlew:反斜杠“\”的作用是连接代码，当代码太长时，我们分行写，用反斜杠连接。
添加一分并使球反弹
当挡板碰到球后，添加一分并使球反弹。
points += 1
speedy = -speedy显示得分
我们在屏幕顶端中间向下走10个像素那里绘制得分和命数。
确定用哪种字体，多大字体来绘制文本：
font = pygame.font.SysFont("Times", 24)在每次游戏循环中绘制文本：
# Draw text on screen
draw_string = "Lives: " + str(lives) + " Points: " + str(points)
text = font.render(draw_string, True, WHITE)
text_rect = text.get_rect()
text_rect.centerx = screen.get_rect().centerx
text_rect.y = 10
screen.blit(text, text_rect)说明：
render(text, antialias, color, background=None) -> Surface
draw text on a new Surface
The antialias argument is a boolean: if True the characters will have smooth edges.
整合
# SmileyBounce2.py
import pygame # Setup
pygame.init()
screenw=800
screenh=600
screen = pygame.display.set_mode([screenw,screenh])
picw = 100
pich = 100
keep_going = True
pic = pygame.image.load("CrazySmile.bmp")
colorkey = pic.get_at((0,0))
pic.set_colorkey(colorkey)
picx = 0
picy = 0
BLACK = (0,0,0)
timer = pygame.time.Clock()
speedx = 5
speedy = 5
WHITE = (255,255,255) #挡板的颜色
paddlew = 200 #宽度
paddleh = 25 #高度
paddlex = 300 #起始x坐标
paddley = 550 #起始y坐标
points = 0
lives = 5
font = pygame.font.SysFont("Times",24)
while keep_going: # Game loop
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
keep_going = False
picx += speedx
picy += speedy
if picx <= 0 or picx + pic.get_width() >= screenw:
speedx = -speedx
if picy <= 0:
speedy = -speedy
if picy >= screenh-pich:
lives -= 1
speedy = -speedy
screen.fill(BLACK)
screen.blit(pic, (picx, picy))
paddlex = pygame.mouse.get_pos()[0]
paddlex -= paddlew/2
pygame.draw.rect(screen, WHITE, (paddlex, paddley, paddlew, paddleh))
# Check for paddle bounce
if picy + pich >= paddley and picy + pich <= paddley + paddleh \
and speedy > 0:
if picx + picw / 2 >= paddlex and picx + picw / 2 <= paddlex + \
paddlew:
points += 1
speedy = -speedy
# Draw text on screen
draw_string = "Lives: " + str(lives) + " Points: " + str(points)
text = font.render(draw_string, True, WHITE)
text_rect = text.get_rect()
text_rect.centerx = screen.get_rect().centerx
text_rect.y = 10
screen.blit(text, text_rect)
pygame.display.update()
timer.tick(60)
pygame.quit() # Exit二、增加难度并结束游戏-Smiley Pong
游戏结束
在 draw_string = "Lives: " + str(lives) + " Points: " + str(points) 下面添加游戏结束要干嘛：
# Check whether the game is over
if lives < 1:
speedx = speedy = 0
draw_string = "Game Over. Your score was: " + str(points)
draw_string += ". Press F1 to play again. "再玩一次
在处理事件的for循环中添加如下代码：
if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
if event.key == pygame.K_F1: # F1 = New Game
points = 0
lives = 5
picx = 0
picy = 0
speedx = 5
speedy = 5查找哪个键用什么表示：pygame.key — pygame v2.5.0 documentation
更快
我们想要在笑脸回弹的时候增加笑脸的速度：
if picx <= 0 or picx + pic.get_width() >= screenw:
speedx = -speedx * 1.1
if picy <= 0:
speedy = -speedy + 1每次玩家都掉一条性命的时候，我们将重新设置速度：
if picy >= screenh-pich:
lives -= 1
speedx = 5
speedy = -5随着挡板不断地挡住笑脸，speedy的值变得越来越大，假如我们不去挡笑脸并且当前帧笑脸的y坐标是screenh-pich-1,那么下一帧笑脸的y坐标可能是screenh,那么再下一帧就是screenh-5，那么笑脸（pich=100）并不能都在屏幕之上，而且又要减少生命，所以生命立即减少到0，所以在玩家丢掉一条生命的时候，我们设置：
picy = screenh-pich+1整合
# SmileyBounce2.py
import pygame # Setup
pygame.init()
screenw=800
screenh=600
screen = pygame.display.set_mode([screenw,screenh])
picw = 100
pich = 100
keep_going = True
pic = pygame.image.load("CrazySmile.bmp")
colorkey = pic.get_at((0,0))
pic.set_colorkey(colorkey)
picx = 0
picy = 0
BLACK = (0,0,0)
timer = pygame.time.Clock()
speedx = 5
speedy = 5
WHITE = (255,255,255) #挡板的颜色
paddlew = 200 #宽度
paddleh = 25 #高度
paddlex = 300 #起始x坐标
paddley = 550 #起始y坐标
points = 0
lives = 5
font = pygame.font.SysFont("Times",24)
BLUE = (0,0,255) #文本的背景色
while keep_going: # Game loop
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
keep_going = False
if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
if event.key == pygame.K_F1: # F1 = New Game
points = 0
lives = 5
picx = 0
picy = 0
speedx = 5
speedy = 5
picx += speedx
picy += speedy
if picx <= 0 or picx + pic.get_width() >= screenw:
speedx = -speedx * 1.1
if picy <= 0:
speedy = -speedy + 100
if picy >= screenh-pich:
lives -= 1
speedx = 5
speedy = -5
picy = screenh-pich+1
screen.fill(BLACK)
screen.blit(pic, (picx, picy))
paddlex = pygame.mouse.get_pos()[0]
paddlex -= paddlew/2
pygame.draw.rect(screen, WHITE, (paddlex, paddley, paddlew, paddleh))
# Check for paddle bounce
if picy + pich >= paddley and picy + pich <= paddley + paddleh \
and speedy > 0:
if picx + picw / 2 >= paddlex and picx + picw / 2 <= paddlex + \
paddlew:
points += 1
speedy = -speedy
# Draw text on screen
draw_string = "Lives: " + str(lives) + " Points: " + str(points)
# Check whether the game is over
if lives < 1:
speedx = speedy = 0
draw_string = "Game Over. Your score was: " + str(points)
draw_string += ". Press F1 to play again. "
text = font.render(draw_string, True, WHITE, BLUE)
text_rect = text.get_rect()
text_rect.centerx = screen.get_rect().centerx
text_rect.y = 10
screen.blit(text, text_rect)
pygame.display.update()
timer.tick(60)
pygame.quit() # Exit三、添加更多的功能----SmileyPop 2.0版
以SmileyPop1.0版为基础
使用 Pygame 添加声音
在程序的设置部分，初始化混合器，创建声音对象：
pygame.mixer.init()
pop = pygame.mixer.Sound("pop.wav")如果有笑脸被点中，发出声音：
if len(clicked_smileys) > 0:
pop.play()跟踪和记录玩家进度
设置存储创建的笑脸数量和被击中的笑脸数量的变量：
WHITE = (255,255,255)
font = pygame.font.SysFont("Arial", 24)
count_smileys = 0
count_popped = 0计算创建的笑脸数：
if mousedown:
speedx = random.randint(-5, 5)
speedy = random.randint(-5, 5)
newSmiley = Smiley(pygame.mouse.get_pos(), speedx, speedy)
sprite_list.add(newSmiley)
count_smileys += 1被点击的笑脸数：
if len(clicked_smileys) > 0:
pop.play()
count_popped += len(clicked_smileys)被点破笑脸所占百分比：
round(count_popped/count_smileys*100, 1)显示玩家进度等：
draw_string = "Bubbles created: " + str(count_smileys)
draw_string += " - Bubbles popped: " + str(count_popped)
if (count_smileys > 0):
draw_string += " - Percent: "
draw_string += str(round(count_popped/count_smileys*100, 1))
draw_string += "%"
text = font.render(draw_string, True, WHITE)
text_rect = text.get_rect()
text_rect.centerx = screen.get_rect().centerx
text_rect.y = 10
screen.blit (text, text_rect)整合
# SmileyPop.py
import pygame
import random
BLACK = (0,0,0)
WHITE = (255,255,255)
pygame.init()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode([800,600])
pygame.display.set_caption("Pop a Smiley")
mousedown = False
keep_going = True
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
pic = pygame.image.load("CrazySmile.bmp")
colorkey = pic.get_at((0,0))
pic.set_colorkey(colorkey)
sprite_list = pygame.sprite.Group()
pygame.mixer.init()
pop = pygame.mixer.Sound("pop.wav")
font = pygame.font.SysFont("Arial", 24)
count_smileys = 0
count_popped = 0
class Smiley(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
pos = (0,0)
xvel = 1
yvel = 1
scale = 100
def __init__(self, pos, xvel, yvel):
pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
self.image = pic
self.scale = random.randrange(10,100)
self.image = pygame.transform.scale(self.image, (self.scale,self.scale))
self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
self.pos = pos
self.rect.x = pos[0] - self.scale/2
self.rect.y = pos[1] - self.scale/2
self.xvel = xvel
self.yvel = yvel
def update(self):
self.rect.x += self.xvel
self.rect.y += self.yvel
if self.rect.x <= 0 or self.rect.x > screen.get_width() - self.scale:
self.xvel = -self.xvel
if self.rect.y <= 0 or self.rect.y > screen.get_height() - self.scale:
self.yvel = -self.yvel
while keep_going:
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
keep_going = False
if event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
if pygame.mouse.get_pressed()[0]: # Regular left mouse button, draw
mousedown = True
elif pygame.mouse.get_pressed()[2]: # Right mouse button, pop
pos = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
clicked_smileys = [s for s in sprite_list if s.rect.collidepoint(pos)]
sprite_list.remove(clicked_smileys)
if len(clicked_smileys) > 0:
pop.play()
count_popped += len(clicked_smileys)
if event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONUP:
mousedown = False
screen.fill(BLACK)
sprite_list.update()
sprite_list.draw(screen)
clock.tick(60)
draw_string = "Bubbles created: " + str(count_smileys)
draw_string += " - Bubbles popped: " + str(count_popped)
if (count_smileys > 0):
draw_string += " - Percent: "
draw_string += str(round(count_popped/count_smileys*100, 1))
draw_string += "%"
text = font.render(draw_string, True, WHITE)
text_rect = text.get_rect()
text_rect.centerx = screen.get_rect().centerx
text_rect.y = 10
screen.blit (text, text_rect)
pygame.display.update()
if mousedown:
speedx = random.randint(-5, 5)
speedy = random.randint(-5, 5)
newSmiley = Smiley(pygame.mouse.get_pos(),speedx,speedy)
sprite_list.add(newSmiley)
count_smileys += 1
pygame.quit()