Java调用第三方接口示范(聚合数据天气预报接口)

原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/qq_35860138/article/details/82967727

在项目开发中经常会遇到调用第三方接口的情况,比如说调用第三方的天气预报接口。

本文以聚合数据接口为例,详细讲解下,接口地址:http://www.juhe.cn

使用流程

【1】准备工作:在项目的工具包下导入HttpClientUtil这个工具类,或者也可以使用Spring框架的restTemplate来调用,上面有调用接口的方法【分为Get和Post方式的有参和无参调用】:

```

package com.njsc.credit.util;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.net.URI;

import java.util.ArrayList;

import java.util.List;

import java.util.Map;

import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;

import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;

import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;

import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;

import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;

import org.apache.http.client.utils.URIBuilder;

import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType;

import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;

import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;

import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;

import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;

import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;

public class HttpClientUtil {

/**

* 带参数的get请求

* @param url

* @param param

* @return String

*/

public static String doGet(String url, Map param) {

// 创建Httpclient对象

CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();

String resultString = "";

CloseableHttpResponse response = null;

try {

// 创建uri

URIBuilder builder = new URIBuilder(url);

if (param != null) {

for (String key : param.keySet()) {

builder.addParameter(key, param.get(key));

}

}

URI uri = builder.build();

// 创建http GET请求

HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(uri);

// 执行请求

response = httpclient.execute(httpGet);

// 判断返回状态是否为200

if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200) {

resultString = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "UTF-8");

}

} catch (Exception e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} finally {

try {

if (response != null) {

response.close();

}

httpclient.close();

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

return resultString;

}

/**

* 不带参数的get请求

* @param url

* @return String

*/

public static String doGet(String url) {

return doGet(url, null);

}

/**

* 带参数的post请求

* @param url

* @param param

* @return String

*/

public static String doPost(String url, Map param) {

// 创建Httpclient对象

CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();

CloseableHttpResponse response = null;

String resultString = "";

try {

// 创建Http Post请求

HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);

// 创建参数列表

if (param != null) {

List paramList = new ArrayList<>();

for (String key : param.keySet()) {

paramList.add(new BasicNameValuePair(key, param.get(key)));

}

// 模拟表单

UrlEncodedFormEntity entity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(paramList);

httpPost.setEntity(entity);

}

// 执行http请求

response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);

resultString = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "utf-8");

} catch (Exception e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} finally {

try {

response.close();

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

return resultString;

}

/**

* 不带参数的post请求

* @param url

* @return String

*/

public static String doPost(String url) {

return doPost(url, null);

}

/**

* 传送json类型的post请求

* @param url

* @param json

* @return String

*/

public static String doPostJson(String url, String json) {

// 创建Httpclient对象

CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();

CloseableHttpResponse response = null;

String resultString = "";

try {

// 创建Http Post请求

HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);

// 创建请求内容

StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(json, ContentType.APPLICATION_JSON);

httpPost.setEntity(entity);

// 执行http请求

response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);

resultString = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "utf-8");

} catch (Exception e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} finally {

try {

response.close();

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

return resultString;

}

}

```

【2】创建url和访问key 以及参数等:


代码如下:

```

/**

* 聚合接口校验身份证

* @param idCard

* @param realName

* @return boolean

*/

public boolean identityCheck(String idCard, String realName){

logger.info("-----------------调用聚合数据 身份证验证API BEGIN--------------->");

String key = "XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX";

String url = "http://op.juhe.cn/idcard/query" + "?key=" + key + "&idcard=" + idCard + "&realname=" + realName;

logger.info("请求url:" + url);

boolean match = false; //是否匹配

try {

String result = HttpClientUtil.doGet(url);

System.out.println("请求结果:" + result);

IdentityCheckResult identityCheckResult = JsonUtils.parse(result, IdentityCheckResult.class);

IdentityCheck identityCheck = JsonUtils.parse(result, "result", IdentityCheck.class);

logger.info(identityCheckResult);

logger.info(identityCheck.toString());

if(identityCheckResult.correct() && identityCheck.getRes() == 1){

match = true;

}

} catch (Exception e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

logger.info("<-----------------调用聚合数据 身份证验证API END---------------");

return match;

}

```

【3】请求这个第三方接口:

使用HttpClientUtil工具类中的doGet方法来请求URL,得到结果,现在大多数是一个json字符串,类型为String

【4】根据接口返回数据格式来解析数据:


可以看到,返回参数有六个,所以在项目中新建一个bean,包含以上六个字段,用来接住返回数据,如下:

因为接口返回的数据是一个json的字符串,类型实际上是一个String字符串,要解析数据,用工具类JsonUtils的parse方法将字符串转换为Java对象,JsonUtils的代码如下:

```

package com.eqianxian.commons.utils.json;

import java.util.List;

import java.util.Map;

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;

import com.alibaba.fastjson.serializer.PropertyFilter;

import com.alibaba.fastjson.serializer.SerializerFeature;

/**

* 在系统中统一使用这个,以方便将来切换不同的JSON生成工具

*

* @author KelvinZ

*

*/

public class JsonUtils {

public static final int TYPE_FASTJSON = 0;

public static final int TYPE_GSON = 1;

/**

*

* 对象转化为json字符串

*

* @param obj 待转化对象

* @return 代表该对象的Json字符串

*/

public static final String toJson(final Object obj) {

return JSON.toJSONString(obj);

// return gson.toJson(obj);

}

/**

*

* 对象转化为json字符串

*

* @param obj 待转化对象

* @return 代表该对象的Json字符串

*/

public static final String toJson(final Object obj, SerializerFeature... features) {

return JSON.toJSONString(obj, features);

// return gson.toJson(obj);

}

/**

* 对象转化为json字符串并格式化

*

* @param obj

* @param format 是否要格式化

* @return

*/

public static final String toJson(final Object obj, final boolean format) {

return JSON.toJSONString(obj, format);

}

/**

* 对象对指定字段进行过滤处理,生成json字符串

*

* @param obj

* @param fields 过滤处理字段

* @param ignore true做忽略处理,false做包含处理

* @param features json特征,为null忽略

* @return

*/

public static final String toJson(final Object obj, final String[] fields, final boolean ignore,

SerializerFeature... features) {

if (fields == null || fields.length < 1) {

return toJson(obj);

}

if (features == null)

features = new SerializerFeature[] { SerializerFeature.QuoteFieldNames };

return JSON.toJSONString(obj, new PropertyFilter() {

@Override

public boolean apply(Object object, String name, Object value) {

for (int i = 0; i < fields.length; i++) {

if (name.equals(fields[i])) {

return !ignore;

}

}

return ignore;

}

}, features);

}

/**

*

* 解析json字符串中某路径的值

*

* @param json

* @param path

* @return

*/

@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")

public static final E parse(final String json, final String path) {

String[] keys = path.split(",");

JSONObject obj = JSON.parseObject(json);

for (int i = 0; i < keys.length - 1; i++) {

obj = obj.getJSONObject(keys[i]);

}

return (E) obj.get(keys[keys.length - 1]);

}

/**

*

* json字符串解析为对象

*

* @param json 代表一个对象的Json字符串

* @param clazz 指定目标对象的类型,即返回对象的类型

* @return 从json字符串解析出来的对象

*/

public static final T parse(final String json, final Class clazz) {

return JSON.parseObject(json, clazz);

}

/**

*

* json字符串解析为对象

*

* @param json json字符串

* @param path 逗号分隔的json层次结构

* @param clazz 目标类

*/

public static final T parse(final String json, final String path, final Class clazz) {

String[] keys = path.split(",");

JSONObject obj = JSON.parseObject(json);

for (int i = 0; i < keys.length - 1; i++) {

obj = obj.getJSONObject(keys[i]);

}

String inner = obj.getString(keys[keys.length - 1]);

return parse(inner, clazz);

}

/**

* 将制定的对象经过字段过滤处理后,解析成为json集合

*

* @param obj

* @param fields

* @param ignore

* @param clazz

* @param features

* @return

*/

public static final List parseArray(final Object obj, final String[] fields, boolean ignore,

final Class clazz, final SerializerFeature... features) {

String json = toJson(obj, fields, ignore, features);

return parseArray(json, clazz);

}

/**

*

* 从json字符串中解析出一个对象的集合,被解析字符串要求是合法的集合类型

* (形如:["k1":"v1","k2":"v2",..."kn":"vn"])

*

* @param json - [key-value-pair...]

* @param clazz

* @return

*/

public static final List parseArray(final String json, final Class clazz) {

return JSON.parseArray(json, clazz);

}

/**

*

* 从json字符串中按照路径寻找,并解析出一个对象的集合,例如:

* 类Person有一个属性name,要从以下json中解析出其集合:

* {

* "page_info":{

* "items":{

* "item":[{"name":"KelvinZ"},{"name":"Jobs"},...{"name":"Gates"}]

* }

* }

* 使用方法:parseArray(json, "page_info,items,item", Person.class),

* 将根据指定路径,正确的解析出所需集合,排除外层干扰

*

* @param json json字符串

* @param path 逗号分隔的json层次结构

* @param clazz 目标类

* @return

*/

public static final List parseArray(final String json, final String path, final Class clazz) {

String[] keys = path.split(",");

JSONObject obj = JSON.parseObject(json);

for (int i = 0; i < keys.length - 1; i++) {

obj = obj.getJSONObject(keys[i]);

}

String inner = obj.getString(keys[keys.length - 1]);

List ret = parseArray(inner, clazz);

return ret;

}

/**

*

* 有些json的常见格式错误这里可以处理,以便给后续的方法处理

* 常见错误:使用了\" 或者 "{ 或者 }",腾讯的页面中常见这种格式

*

* @param invalidJson 包含非法格式的json字符串

* @return

*/

public static final String correctJson(final String invalidJson) {

String content = invalidJson.replace("\\\"", "\"").replace("\"{", "{").replace("}\"", "}");

return content;

}

/**

* 格式化Json

*

* @param json

* @return

*/

public static final String formatJson(String json) {

Map map = (Map) JSON.parse(json);

return JSON.toJSONString(map, true);

}

/**

* 获取json串中的子json

*

* @param json

* @param path

* @return

*/

public static final String getSubJson(String json, String path) {

String[] keys = path.split(",");

JSONObject obj = JSON.parseObject(json);

for (int i = 0; i < keys.length - 1; i++) {

obj = obj.getJSONObject(keys[i]);

System.out.println(obj.toJSONString());

}

return obj != null ? obj.getString(keys[keys.length - 1]) : null;

}

}

```

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