1 Service 类型
在定义Service的时候可以指定一个自己需要的类型的Service,如果不指定的话默认是ClusterIP类型。
可以使用的服务类型如下:
1、ClusterIP:
通过集群的内部 IP 暴露服务,选择该值,服务只能够在集群内部可以访问,这也是默认的Service类型。ClusterIP类型的service创建时,k8s会通过etcd从可分配的IP池中分配一个IP,该IP全局唯一,且不可修改。所有访问该IP的请求,都会被iptables转发到后端的endpoints中。
2、NodePort:
通过每个 Node 节点上的 IP 和静态端口(NodePort)暴露服务。NodePort 服务会路由到 ClusterIP 服务,这个 ClusterIP 服务会自动创建。通过请求 :,可以从集群的外部访问一个 NodePort 服务。
3、LoadBalancer:
需要外部支持(GCP and Azure),用户访问service.spec.external-ip,该IP对应到一个外部负载均衡的vip,外部服务对这个vip的请求,会被loadbalancer通过健康检查和转发,发送到一个运行着该服务pod的node上,并同样通过nodePort里的端口映射,发送给容器。
4、ExternalName:
用户可以指定一个任意的名字,作为该service被解析的CNAME,这种类型的servcie不用指定clusterIP,因此kube-proxy不会管理这类service,这类service需要使用1.7版本以上的kubedns。
2 Cluster IP
(1)创建whoami-deployment.yaml文件
vim whoami-deployment.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: whoami-deployment
labels:
app: whoami
spec:
replicas: 3
selector:
matchLabels:
app: whoami
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: whoami
spec:
containers:
- name: whoami
image: jwilder/whoami
ports:
- containerPort: 8000
(2)运行yaml文件并查看pod以及service
[root@henry001 network]# kubectl apply -f whoami-deployment.yaml
deployment.apps/whoami-deployment created
`查看生成的pod详细信息`
[root@henry001 network]# kubectl get pods -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
whoami-deployment-678b64444d-lgvck 1/1 Running 0 28s 192.168.254.207 henry003
whoami-deployment-678b64444d-mszwp 1/1 Running 0 28s 192.168.217.18 henry002
whoami-deployment-678b64444d-xz66k 1/1 Running 0 28s 192.168.254.208 henry003
`查看service,此时并未有whoami相关的service`
[root@henry001 network]# kubectl get svc
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1
443/TCP 23h
(3)在集群内正常访问
curl 192.168.254.207:8000
curl 192.168.217.18:8000
curl 192.168.254.208:8000
(4)创建whoami的service
注意:该地址只能在集群内部访问
`为deployment的whoami-deployment创建service`
[root@henry001 network]# kubectl expose deployment whoami-deployment
service/whoami-deployment exposed
`查看service`
[root@henry001 network]# kubectl get svc
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1
443/TCP 24h whoami-deployment ClusterIP 10.97.233.149
8000/TCP 12s
**可以发现有一个Cluster IP类型的service,名称为whoami-deployment,IP地址为10.97.233.149
(5)通过Service的Cluster IP访问
[root@henry001 network]# curl 10.97.233.149:8000
I'm whoami-deployment-678b64444d-xz66k
[root@henry001 network]# curl 10.97.233.149:8000
I'm whoami-deployment-678b64444d-lgvck
[root@henry001 network]# curl 10.97.233.149:8000
I'm whoami-deployment-678b64444d-mszwp
(6)具体查看一下whoami-deployment的详情信息,发现有一个Endpoints连接了具体3个Pod
[root@henry001 network]# kubectl describe svc whoami-deployment
Name: whoami-deployment
Namespace: default
Labels: app=whoami
Annotations:
Selector: app=whoami
Type: ClusterIP
IP: 10.97.233.149
Port:
8000/TCP TargetPort: 8000/TCP
Endpoints: 192.168.217.18:8000,192.168.254.207:8000,192.168.254.208:8000
Session Affinity: None
Events:
(7)下面通过deployment对whoami扩容成5个
kubectl scale deployment whoami-deployment --replicas=5
`查看pod,已经扩容为5个`
[root@henry001 network]# kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
whoami-deployment-678b64444d-lgvck 1/1 Running 0 23m 192.168.254.207 henry003
whoami-deployment-678b64444d-mszwp 1/1 Running 0 23m 192.168.217.18 henry002
whoami-deployment-678b64444d-q4wzx 1/1 Running 0 4m50s 192.168.254.209 henry003
whoami-deployment-678b64444d-xz66k 1/1 Running 0 23m 192.168.254.208 henry003
whoami-deployment-678b64444d-zj82s 1/1 Running 0 4m50s 192.168.217.19 henry002
(8)再次访问:curl 10.97.233.149:8000
[root@henry001 network]# curl 10.97.233.149:8000
I'm whoami-deployment-678b64444d-mszwp
[root@henry001 network]# curl 10.97.233.149:8000
I'm whoami-deployment-678b64444d-xz66k
[root@henry001 network]# curl 10.97.233.149:8000
I'm whoami-deployment-678b64444d-q4wzx
[root@henry001 network]# curl 10.97.233.149:8000
I'm whoami-deployment-678b64444d-zj82s
[root@henry001 network]# curl 10.97.233.149:8000
I'm whoami-deployment-678b64444d-xz66k
[root@henry001 network]# curl 10.97.233.149:8000
I'm whoami-deployment-678b64444d-lgvck
(9)再次查看service具体信息:kubectl describe svc whoami-deployment
[root@henry001 network]# kubectl describe svc whoami-deployment
Name: whoami-deployment
Namespace: default
Labels: app=whoami
Annotations:
Selector: app=whoami
Type: ClusterIP
IP: 10.97.233.149
Port:
8000/TCP TargetPort: 8000/TCP
Endpoints: 192.168.217.18:8000,192.168.217.19:8000,192.168.254.207:8000 + 2 more... #这里有5个pod的信息
Session Affinity: None
Events:
(10)其实对于Service的创建,不仅仅可以使用kubectl expose,也可以定义一个yaml文件
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: my-service
spec:
selector:
app: MyApp
ports:
- protocol: TCP
port: 80
targetPort: 9376
type: Cluster
总结:其实Service存在的意义就是为了Pod的不稳定性,而上述探讨的就是关于Service的一种类型Cluster IP,只能供集群内访问。
3 NodePort
因为外部能够访问到集群的物理机器IP,所以就是在集群中每台物理机器上暴露一个相同的IP,从给定的配置范围内(默认:30000-32767)分配端口
(1)根据whoami-deployment.yaml创建pod
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: whoami-deployment
labels:
app: whoami
spec:
replicas: 3
selector:
matchLabels:
app: whoami
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: whoami
spec:
containers:
- name: whoami
image: jwilder/whoami
ports:
- containerPort: 8000
(2)创建NodePort类型的service,名称为whoami-deployment
`查看service`
[root@henry001 network]# kubectl get svc
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1
443/TCP 41h whoami-deployment ClusterIP 10.97.233.149
8000/TCP 17h `删除ClusterIP类型的service`
[root@henry001 network]# kubectl delete svc whoami-deployment
service "whoami-deployment" deleted
`创建NodePort类型的service`
[root@henry001 network]# kubectl expose deployment whoami-deployment --type=NodePort
service/whoami-deployment exposed
[root@henry001 network]# kubectl get svc
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1
443/TCP 41h whoami-deployment NodePort 10.103.129.91
8000:31999/TCP 3s
(3)注意上述的端口31999,实际上就是暴露在集群中物理机器上的端口
`在每台机器上查看一下31999端口监听情况`
[root@henry001 network]# lsof -i tcp:31999
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
kube-prox 11693 root 11u IPv6 15525671 0t0 TCP *:31999 (LISTEN)
[root@henry001 network]# netstat -nlp |grep 31999
tcp6 0 0 :::31999 :::* LISTEN 11693/kube-proxy
(4)浏览器通过物理机器的IP访问
用service访问的时候端口号为8000;
使用内网Ip或者外网Ip访问时需要用端口号31999
`master节点`
[root@henry001 network]# curl 192.168.0.8:31999
I'm whoami-deployment-678b64444d-q9mzt
[root@henry001 network]# curl 10.103.129.91:8000
I'm whoami-deployment-678b64444d-q9mzt
`henry002节点`
[root@henry002 ~]# curl 10.103.129.91:8000
I'm whoami-deployment-678b64444d-89dzd
[root@henry002 ~]# curl 192.168.0.8:31999
I'm whoami-deployment-678b64444d-q9mzt
`henry003节点`
[root@henry003 ~]# curl 10.103.129.91:8000
I'm whoami-deployment-678b64444d-d7w64
[root@henry003 ~]# curl 192.168.0.7:31999
I'm whoami-deployment-678b64444d-89dzd
`集群外机器`
[root@w1 ~]# curl 182.92.168.144:31999
I'm whoami-deployment-678b64444d-d7w64
使用浏览器访问:
总结:NodePort虽然能够实现外部访问Pod的需求,但这种方法有许多缺点:
1.每个端口只能是一种服务
2.端口范围只能是 30000-32767
3.如果节点/VM 的 IP 地址发生变化,你需要能处理这种情况
基于以上原因,我不建议在生产环境上用这种方式暴露服务。如果你运行的服务不要求一直可用,或者对成本比较敏感,你可以使用这种方法。这样的应用的最佳例子是 demo 应用,或者某些临时应用。
因篇幅太长分为两章来写。