如果我们只能使用root用户,这样存在安全隐患。这时,就需要使用MySQL的用户管理。
MySQL中的用户,都存储在系统数据库mysql的user表中。
mysql> use mysql;
Database changed
mysql> select host,user,authentication_string from user;
create user '用户名'@'登陆主机/ip' identified by '密码';
mysql> create user 'whb'@'localhost' identified by '12345678';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec)
mysql> select user,host,authentication_string from user;
+---------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
| user | host | authentication_string |
+---------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
| root | % | *A2F7C9D334175DE9AF4DB4F5473E0BD0F5FA9E75|
| mysql.session | localhost | *THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE|
| mysql.sys | localhost | *THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE|
| mt | localhost | *84AAC12F54AB666ECFC2A83C676908C8BBC381B1| --新增用户
+---------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
-- 此时便可以使用新账号新密码进行登陆啦
--备注:可能实际在设置密码的时候,因为mysql本身的认证等级比较高,一些简单的密码无法设置,会爆出
如下报错:
-- ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy
requirements
-- 解决方案:https://blog.csdn.net/zhanaolu4821/article/details/93622812
--查看密码设置相关要求:SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'validate_password%';
drop user '用户名'@'主机名'
mysql> select user,host,authentication_string from user;
mysql> select user,host,authentication_string from user;
+---------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
| user | host | authentication_string |
+---------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
| root | % | *A2F7C9D334175DE9AF4DB4F5473E0BD0F5FA9E75|
| mysql.session | localhost | *THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE|
| mysql.sys | localhost | *THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE|
| mt | localhost | *84AAC12F54AB666ECFC2A83C676908C8BBC381B1| --新增用户
+---------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> drop user whb; --尝试删除
ERROR 1396 (HY000): Operation DROP USER failed for 'mt'@'%' -- <= 直接给个用户名,
不能删除,它默认是%,表示所有地方可以登陆的用户
mysql> drop user 'mt'@'localhost'; --删除用户
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
+---------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
| user | host | authentication_string |
+---------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
| root | % | *A2F7C9D334175DE9AF4DB4F5473E0BD0F5FA9E75|
| mysql.session | localhost | *THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE|
| mysql.sys | localhost | *THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE|
| mt | localhost | *84AAC12F54AB666ECFC2A83C676908C8BBC381B1| --新增用户
+---------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
set password=password('新的密码');
set password for '用户名'@'主机名'=password('新的密码');
mysql> select host,user, authentication_string from user;
+---------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
| user | host | authentication_string |
+---------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
| root | % | *A2F7C9D334175DE9AF4DB4F5473E0BD0F5FA9E75|
| mysql.session | localhost | *THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE|
| mysql.sys | localhost | *THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE|
| mt | localhost | *84AAC12F54AB666ECFC2A83C676908C8BBC381B1| --新增用户
+---------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> set password for 'mt'@'localhost'=password('87654321');
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> select host,user, authentication_string from user;`+---------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
| user | host | authentication_string |
+---------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
| root | % | *A2F7C9D334175DE9AF4DB4F5473E0BD0F5FA9E75|
| mysql.session | localhost | *THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE|
| mysql.sys | localhost | *THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE|
| mt | localhost | *5D24C4D94238E65A6407DFAB95AA4EA97CA2B199| --新增用户
+---------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)`
刚创建的用户没有任何权限。需要给用户授权。
grant 权限列表 on 库.对象名 to '用户名'@'登陆位置' [identified by '密码']
grant select on ...
grant select, delete, create on ....
grant all [privileges] on ... -- 表示赋予该用户在该对象上的所有权限
--使用root账号
--终端A
mysql> show databases;
--给用户whb赋予test数据库下所有文件的select权限
mysql> grant select on test.* to 'whb'@'localhost';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
--使用whb账号
--终端B
revoke 权限列表 on 库.对象名 from '用户名'@'登陆位置';
-- 回收mt对test数据库的所有权限
--root身份,终端A
mysql> revoke all on test.* from 'mt'@'localhost';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)