RabbitMQ实现秒杀场景示例

本文章通过MQ队列来实现秒杀场景

整体的设计如下图，整个流程中对于发送发MQ失败和发送到死信队列的数据未做后续处理

1、首先先创建MQ的配置文件

@Configuration
public class RabbitConfig  {


    public static final String DEAD_LETTER_EXCHANGE = "deadLetterExchange";
    public static final String DEAD_LETTER_QUEUEA_ROUTING_KEY = "dead.#";
    public static final String DEAD_LETTER_QUEUEA_NAME = "deadQueue";

    @Autowired
    private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;

    @Autowired
    private ConnectionFactory connectionFactory;

    @Bean
    public TopicExchange topicExchange(){
        return new TopicExchange("seckill_topic",true,false);
    }

    // 声明死信Exchange
    @Bean("deadLetterExchange")
    public DirectExchange deadLetterExchange(){
        return new DirectExchange(DEAD_LETTER_EXCHANGE);
    }

    @Bean("seckillQueue")
    public Queue seckillQueue(){
        Map args = new HashMap<>();
        args.put("x-dead-letter-exchange", DEAD_LETTER_EXCHANGE);
        //  x-dead-letter-routing-key  这里声明当前队列的死信路由key
        args.put("x-dead-letter-routing-key", DEAD_LETTER_QUEUEA_ROUTING_KEY);
        return QueueBuilder.durable("seckillQueue").withArguments(args).build();

    }

    @Bean("deadQueue")
    public Queue binding(){
        return new Queue(DEAD_LETTER_QUEUEA_NAME);

    }

    @Bean
    public Binding bindingExchange(){
        return BindingBuilder.bind(seckillQueue()).to(topicExchange()).with("seckill.#");

    }

    // 声明死信队列绑定关系
    @Bean
    public Binding deadLetterBinding(@Qualifier("deadQueue") Queue queue,
                                      @Qualifier("deadLetterExchange") DirectExchange exchange){
        return BindingBuilder.bind(queue).to(exchange).with(DEAD_LETTER_QUEUEA_ROUTING_KEY);
    }

    //配置会覆盖yml的重试次数
    //RabbitMQ监听容器
    /*@Bean
    public SimpleRabbitListenerContainerFactory rabbitListenerContainerFactory(ConnectionFactory connectionFactory){
        SimpleRabbitListenerContainerFactory factory = new SimpleRabbitListenerContainerFactory();
        factory.setConnectionFactory(connectionFactory);
        //设置并发
        factory.setConcurrentConsumers(1);
        SimpleMessageListenerContainer s=new SimpleMessageListenerContainer();
        //最大并发
        factory.setMaxConcurrentConsumers(1);
        //消息接收——手动确认
        factory.setAcknowledgeMode(AcknowledgeMode.AUTO);
        //设置超时
        factory.setReceiveTimeout(2000L);
        //设置重试间隔
        factory.setFailedDeclarationRetryInterval(3000L);

        //监听自定义格式转换
        //factory.setMessageConverter(jsonMessageConverter);
        return factory;
    }*/
}

2、配置yml文件

spring:
  redis:
    database: 0
    host: xxx
    port: 6379
    password: xxx
    timeout: 60
    jedis:
      pool:
        max-active: 8
        max-wait: -1
        max-idle: 8
        min-idle: 0
  rabbitmq:
    username: admin
    password: admin
    virtual-host: /
    host: xxxx
    port: 12345
    publisher-confirms: true
    publisher-returns: true
    template:
      mandatory: true
    listener:
      simple:
        concurrency: 1
        max-concurrency: 3
        # 消费者预取1条数据到内存，默认为250条
        prefetch: 1
        # 确定机制
        acknowledge-mode: manual
        retry:
          enabled: true #是否支持重试
          max-attempts: 2
          # 重试间隔(ms)
          initial-interval: 5000

这里有一点需要注意的是在做死信队列的时候如果Config文件中配置了监听容器，在yml文件中的一些属性要在容器里面进行配置，当时测试重试的时候发现没有在Config文件中配置，只在yml文件中配置了重试次数，结果会无限期的重试，MQ的默认方式就是无限期的重试，所以这点很容易踩坑

3、实现交换机的ACK，实现 RabbitTemplate.ConfirmCallback接口

@Component
public class ConfirmCallBackHandler implements RabbitTemplate.ConfirmCallback {

    @Autowired
    private RabbitMessageMapper rabbitMessageMapper;

    @Autowired
    private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
    //注入
    //PostConstruct注解会在Component、Autowired注解完成后再执行
    @PostConstruct
    public void init(){
        rabbitTemplate.setConfirmCallback(this);
    }


    @Override
    public void confirm(CorrelationData correlationData, boolean ack, String cause) {
        if(!ack){
            RabbitMessage rabbitMessage = new RabbitMessage();
            rabbitMessage.setUniqueKey(correlationData.getId().toString());
            rabbitMessage.setSuccessFlag("N");
            rabbitMessageMapper.updateSuccessFlag(rabbitMessage);
            System.out.println("失败原因："+cause);
        }
    }
}

4、实现队列的ACK，实现 RabbitTemplate.ReturnCallback

@Component
public class ReturnCallBackHandler implements RabbitTemplate.ReturnCallback {
    @Autowired
    private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
    //注入
    //PostConstruct注解会在Component、Autowired注解完成后再执行
    @PostConstruct
    public void init(){
        rabbitTemplate.setReturnCallback(this);
    }

    @Override
    public void returnedMessage(Message message, int replyCode, String replyText, String exchange, String routingKey) {
        System.out.println("消息主体 message："+message);
        System.out.println("应答码 replyCode: ："+replyCode);
        System.out.println("原因描述 replyText："+replyText);
        System.out.println("交换机 exchange："+exchange);
        System.out.println("消息使用的路由键 routingKey："+routingKey);
    }
}

5、消费者方面，实现 ChannelAwareMessageListener 接口

@Component
public class AckListener implements ChannelAwareMessageListener {

    @Autowired
    private RabbitMqService rabbitMqService;

    @RabbitListener(queues = "seckillQueue")
    @Override
    public void onMessage(Message messagex, Channel channel) throws Exception {
        try {
            String result = new String(messagex.getBody(),"utf-8");
            rabbitMqService.receive(result);

            channel.basicAck(messagex.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(), false);
        }catch (Exception exception){
            channel.basicNack(messagex.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(), false, false);
        }
    }
}