学习笔记 按格式读写文件存取学生信息
任务描述
本关要求编写函数
ReadStudInfo和SaveResult。
编程要求
本关的编程任务是补全step2/fileTxt.c文件中ReadStudInfo函数和SaveResult函数，以实现按格式使用FILE结构存取学生信息的功能。具体要求如下： 1.ReadStudInfo函数功能：实现从文本文件中读取学生的基本信息。函数ReadStudInfo函数原型为：
void ReadStudInfo(const char *fileName, STUDENT stud[]);其中：
- 参数
fileName是一个文本文件，位于当前目录，即与源程序文件在同一文件夹下。文件中首先是以字符形式写入的学生人数（整数n，不超过30）和课程数量（整数n，不超过5），然后是n个学生的信息，学生信息在结构STUDENT中定义：struct student { long studentID; char studentName[20]; char sex[4]; struct { int year; int month; int day; }birthday; float score[COURSE_MAXNUM]; float total; float average; int rank; }; typedef struct student STUDENT; - 文件中没有存储 total，average，rank 三项信息。
- 函数
ReadStudInfo的第二个参数stud存放读取出来的学生信息。
2.SaveResult函数功能：实现从文本文件中读取学生的基本信息。函数SaveResult函数原型为：
void SaveResult(const char *fileName, STUDENT stud[],int n,int m);其中：
- 参数
fileName是一个文本文件，位于当前目录，即与源程序文件在同一文件夹下。 - 文件中首先要求以字符形式写入学生人数（整数
n，不超过30）和课程数量（整数n，不超过5），然后是n个学生的信息。n个学生的信息存放在第二个参数stud开始的n个结构体数据单元中。 - 每个学生的信息包括学号、姓名、性别、出生日期，若干门课程的成绩、总分、平均分、名次。
测试说明
本关的测试文件是
step2/main.c，其中将会调用你在step2/fileTxt.c文件中完成的ReadStudInfo函数和SaveResult函数。除此之后，step2/main.c中还对学生信息进行了处理：包括计算总分、平均分和名次。其次还实现了输入测试数据、输出测试结果、写入测试文件(student.txt)、读取测试文件(result.txt)：1.调用函数
Input()将标准输入的数据读入内存，然后调用SaveStudInfo()函数将数据再写入到student.txt文本文件，以便为**ReadStudInfo()**函数从文本文件读取学生信息准备测试数据。2.调用函数
ReadResult()将SaveResult()函数保存的result.txt中的学生信息读入内存，并调用Print()函数进行输出。**SaveResult()**函数需要将计算出总分、平均分和名次信息的学生信息存入result.txt。
3.student.txt的示例如下：
4.result.txt的示例如下：
平台会对你编写的代码进行测试： 测试样例：
测试输入
5 4
20183001 令狐冲 男 1999-09-01 90 83 72 82
20183002 林平之 男 2000-10-25 78 92 88 78
20183003 岳灵珊 女 2001-12-01 89 72 98 66
20183004 任盈盈 女 2000-03-25 78 95 87 90
20183005 王仪琳 女 1999-08-01 92 83 72 92预期输出
NO. Name Sex Birthday Computer English Math Music Total Average Rank
20183004 任盈盈 女 2000-03-25 78 95 87 90 350 88 1
20183005 王仪琳 女 1999-08-01 92 83 72 92 339 85 2
20183002 林平之 男 2000-10-25 78 92 88 78 336 84 3
20183001 令狐冲 男 1999-09-01 90 83 72 82 327 82 4
20183003 岳灵珊 女 2001-12-01 89 72 98 66 325 81 5
代码实现
//main.cpp
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 1
#include
using namespace std;
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#define COURSE_MAXNUM 5
//定义结构体
struct student
{
long studentID;
char studentName[20];
char sex[4];
struct { //包含生日的结构体
int year;
int month;
int day;
}birthday;
float score[COURSE_MAXNUM];
float total;
float average;
int rank;
};
typedef struct student STUDENT;
//外文件
extern void ReadStudInfo(const char* fileName, STUDENT stud[]);//读取文件中的初始信息
extern void SaveResult(const char* fileName, STUDENT stud[], int n, int m);//保存排名之后的信息到文件夹中
void Input(STUDENT* stud, int n, int m);//输入信息到结构体中
void Print(STUDENT* stud, int n, int m);//打印到屏幕上
void TotalAndAverage(STUDENT* stud, int n, int m);//求总分和平均分
void RankByTotal(STUDENT* stud, int n, int m);//计算排名
void SaveStudInfo(const char* fileName, STUDENT* stud, int n, int m);//保存初始信息到文件中
void ReadResult(const char* fileName, STUDENT* stud);//读取排名后的文件信息
int main()
{
int n, m;
STUDENT* stud = NULL;
(void)scanf("%d %d", &n, &m);
stud = (STUDENT*)malloc(n * sizeof(STUDENT));
if (NULL == stud)
{
printf("%s", strerror(errno));
return 0;
}
Input(stud, n, m);
SaveStudInfo("student.txt", stud, n, m);
free(stud);
stud = NULL;
stud = (STUDENT*)malloc(n * sizeof(STUDENT));
if (NULL == stud)
{
printf("%s", strerror(errno));
return 0;
}
ReadStudInfo("student.txt", stud);
TotalAndAverage(stud, n, m);
RankByTotal(stud, n, m);
SaveResult("result.txt", stud, n, m);
free(stud);
stud = NULL;
stud = (STUDENT*)malloc(n * sizeof(STUDENT));
if (NULL == stud)
{
printf("%s", strerror(errno));
return 0;
}
ReadResult("result.txt", stud);
Print(stud, n, m);
free(stud);
stud = NULL;
return 0;
}
void Input(STUDENT* stud, int n, int m)
{
int i = 0;
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
(void)scanf("%ld", &stud[i].studentID);
(void)scanf("%s", stud[i].studentName);
(void)scanf("%s", stud[i].sex);
(void)scanf("%d-%d-%d", &stud[i].birthday.year, &stud[i].birthday.month, &stud[i].birthday.day);
for (int j = 0; j < m; j++)
(void)scanf("%f", &stud[i].score[j]);
stud[i].total = 0;
stud[i].average = 0;
stud[i].rank = 0;
}
}
void Print(STUDENT* stud, int n, int m)
{
printf("%8s%12s%4s%12s%10s%10s%10s%10s%10s%10s%5s\n",
" NO. ", "Name", "Sex", " Birthday ", "Computer", "English", "Math", "Music", "Total", "Average", "Rank");
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
printf("%8ld", stud[i].studentID);
printf("%15s", stud[i].studentName);
printf("%5s", stud[i].sex);
printf("%6d-%02d-%02d", stud[i].birthday.year, stud[i].birthday.month, stud[i].birthday.day);
for (int j = 0; j < m; j++)
{
printf("%10.0f", stud[i].score[j]);
}
printf("%10.0f", stud[i].total);
printf("%10.0f", stud[i].average);
printf("%5d\n", stud[i].rank);
}
}
void TotalAndAverage(STUDENT* stud, int n, int m)
{
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
stud[i].total = 0;
for (int j = 0; j < m; j++)
stud[i].total += stud[i].score[j];
stud[i].average = stud[i].total / 4;
}
}
void RankByTotal(STUDENT* stud, int n, int m)
{
for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++)
{
int k = i;
for (int j = i + 1; j < n; j++)
{
if (stud[j].total > stud[k].total)
{
k = j;
}
}
if (k != i)
{
STUDENT temp = stud[i];
stud[i] = stud[k];
stud[k] = temp;
}
stud[i].rank = i + 1;
if (i > 0 && stud[i].total == stud[i - 1].total)
stud[i].rank = stud[i - 1].rank;
}
stud[n - 1].rank = n;
if (n - 1 > 0 && stud[n - 1].total == stud[n - 2].total)
stud[n - 1].rank = stud[n - 2].rank;
}
void SaveStudInfo(const char* fileName, STUDENT* stud, int n, int m)
{
FILE* fp = fopen(fileName, "w");
if (fp == NULL)
{
printf("Failure to open %s!\n", fileName);
exit(0);
}
fprintf(fp, "%d %d", n, m);
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
fprintf(fp, "\n%-12ld\t", stud[i].studentID);
fprintf(fp, "%-12s\t", stud[i].studentName);
fprintf(fp, "%-4s\t", stud[i].sex);
fprintf(fp, "%4d-%02d-%02d\t", stud[i].birthday.year, stud[i].birthday.month, stud[i].birthday.day);
for (int j = 0; j < m; j++)
fprintf(fp, "%.0f\t", stud[i].score[j]);
}
fclose(fp);
}
void ReadResult(const char* fileName, STUDENT* stud)
{
FILE* fp = fopen(fileName, "r");
if (fp == NULL)
{
printf("Failure to open %s!\n", fileName);
exit(0);
}
int n, m;
(void)fscanf(fp, "%d%d", &n, &m);
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
(void)fscanf(fp, "%ld", &stud[i].studentID);
(void)fscanf(fp, "%s", stud[i].studentName);
(void)fscanf(fp, "%s", stud[i].sex);
(void)fscanf(fp, "%d-%d-%d", &stud[i].birthday.year, &stud[i].birthday.month, &stud[i].birthday.day);
for (int j = 0; j < m; j++)
(void)fscanf(fp, "%f", &stud[i].score[j]);
(void)fscanf(fp, "%f", &stud[i].total);
(void)fscanf(fp, "%f", &stud[i].average);
(void)fscanf(fp, "%d", &stud[i].rank);
}
fclose(fp);
}
//filetxt.cpp
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 1
#include
using namespace std;
#include
#include
#define COURSE_MAXNUM 5
struct student
{
long studentID;
char studentName[20];
char sex[4];
struct {
int year;
int month;
int day;
}birthday;
float score[COURSE_MAXNUM];
float total;
float average;
int rank;
};
typedef struct student STUDENT;
void ReadStudInfo(const char* fileName, STUDENT stud[]);
void SaveResult(const char* fileName, STUDENT stud[], int n, int m);
void ReadStudInfo(const char* fileName, STUDENT stud[])
{
FILE* fp = fopen(fileName, "rb");
if (fp == NULL)
{
printf("Failure to open %s!\n", fileName);
exit(0);
}
int n = 0, m = 0;
(void)fscanf(fp, "%d%d", &n, &m);
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
(void)fscanf(fp, "%ld", &stud[i].studentID);
(void)fscanf(fp, "%s", stud[i].studentName);
(void)fscanf(fp, "%s", stud[i].sex);
(void)fscanf(fp, "%d-%d-%d", &stud[i].birthday.year, &stud[i].birthday.month, &stud[i].birthday.day);
for (int j = 0; j < m; j++)
(void)fscanf(fp, "%f", &stud[i].score[j]);
}
fclose(fp);
}
void SaveResult(const char* fileName, STUDENT stud[], int n, int m)
{
FILE* fp = fopen(fileName, "wb");
if (fp == NULL)
{
printf("Failure to open %s!\n", fileName);
exit(0);
}
fprintf(fp, "%d %d", n, m);
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
fprintf(fp, "\n%-12ld\t", stud[i].studentID);
fprintf(fp, "%-12s\t", stud[i].studentName);
fprintf(fp, "%-4s\t", stud[i].sex);
fprintf(fp, "%4d-%02d-%02d\t", stud[i].birthday.year, stud[i].birthday.month, stud[i].birthday.day);
for (int j = 0; j < m; j++)
fprintf(fp, "%.0f\t", stud[i].score[j]);
fprintf(fp, "%.0f\t", stud[i].total);
fprintf(fp, "%.0f\t", stud[i].average);
fprintf(fp, "%d", stud[i].rank);
}
fclose(fp);
}