最近找实习基本上每个岗位都有SQL考试内容,有的岗位(滴滴国际化)是笔试题,有的岗位(抖音数据BP和快手)是面试现场做题。主要考察点包括group by
,case when
,order by ... limit ...
这些。下面列几道题的解法:
第一题(滴滴笔试)
学生表(tb_student)
学生姓名 (name) | 学号 (id) | 班级 (class) | 入学时间 (in_time) | 年龄 (age) | 性别 (sex) | 专业 (major) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
张三 | 2017C3301001 | 2017C3301 | 2017 | 18 | 男 | 计算机 |
学生成绩表(tb_score)
学号 (id) | 课程 (course) | 分数 (score) |
---|---|---|
2017C3301001 | 数据库 | 75 |
select name, id, class, age
from tb_student
where major = ‘计算机’ and in_time = 2017
order by 年龄 asc,
limit 10;
select tb_student.class,
sum(case when avg_score>80 then 1 else 0 end) as num,
sum(case when avg_score>80 then 1 else 0 end)/count(tb_student.id) as prop
from tb_student as a
left join(
select id, avg(score) as avg_score
from tb_score
group by id) as b
on a.id = b.id
group by class;
select 成绩分布区间, count(1) as 人数
from(
select case when score>95 and score<100 then '95-100'
when score>90 and score<95 then '90-95'
when score>85 and score<90 then '85-90'
when score>80 and score<85 then '80-85' end as 成绩分布区间
from tb_score as a
left join tb_student on a.id = tb_student.id
where class = '2017C3301' and course = '数据库')
group by 成绩分布区间;
第二题(滴滴笔试)
有用户行为表tracking_log,字段有:user_id‘用户编号’,opr_id‘操作编号’,‘operation_time‘操作时间
select date(operation_time), count(distinct user_id) as 访客数, count(opr_id)/count(distinct user_id) as 平均操作次数
from tracking_log
group by date(operation_time);
select date(a.start), count(distinct a.user_id) as 新增用户
from(
select user_id, min(operation_time) as start from tracking_log group by user_id) as a
group by date(a.start);
select date(a.start), count(distinct b.user_id)/count(distinct a.user_id) as 第二天回访比例, count(distinct c.user_id)/count(distinct a.user_id) as 第三十天回访比例
from(
select user_id, min(operation_time) as start from tracking_log group by user_id) as a
left join(
select user_id, operation_time from tracking_log) as b
on a.user_id = b.user_id and date(a.operation_time) = date(b.operation_time)-1
left join(
select user_id, operation_time from tracking_log) as c
on a.user_id = c.user_id and date(a.operation_time) = date(c.operation_time)-29
group by date(a.start);
第三题(滴滴笔试)
表格Table_a
passenger_id | call_time | call_date | driver_id | origin | destination |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
p0 | yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss | dt | d1 | o1 | d1 |
select * from table_a as a
inner join(
select min(call_time) as time
from table_a
group by passenger_id) as b
on a.passenger_id = b.passenger_id and a.call_time = b.time;
第四题(快手面试)
求中位数
我当时的想法是给所有数据排序,选择序数为ceil( count / 2)
的一行。这里要注意总数除以二之后需要四舍五入。
后来在网上找到了另一种解法:
select id, company, salary
from(select id, company, salary,
cast(row_number() over(partition by company order by salary asc, id asc) as signed) as 'id1',
cast(row_number() over(partition by company order by salary desc, id desc) as signed) as 'id2'
from employee) as newtable
where abs(id1-id2)=1 or id1=id2;
这个答案的思路是将所有数据正向排列+反向排列,序数差距在一之内的就是中位数。答案参考知乎文章。
第五题(抖音面试)
有表adv_cost_table,包括advertiser_id,landing_type,content_type等信息。
select count(advertiser_id) as 广告主,
count(distinct landing_type) as 推广目的,
count(distinct content_type) as 推广类型,
count(distinct classify) as 分类
from adv_cost_table;
select sum(cost) as 累计广告消耗, sum(show_count) as 累计展示量, avg(play_count) as 平均播放量, avg(click_count) as 平均点击量
from adv_cost_table
where (content_type = ‘文章’ or content_type = ‘抖音直播’) and (classify = ‘内广’);
第六题(滴滴面试)
现有裂变工具分为主态(发起人)、客态(助力人),请按发起人所对应的助力人在’2021-06-01’ 至 '2021-06-30’日期间进行档位划分,计算出各档位对应助力人下单人数。档位划分规则是发起人拥有的助力人人数0-9为低档,10-69为中档,70以上为高档。
dwd_applicant_di 用户关系表 增量表
ref_uid 发起人uid string
apl_uid 助力人uid string
apl_time 绑定时间 string
dt 分区时间 string 日期格式(yyyy-mm-dd)
user_info_df 用户信息表 全量表
uid 用户id string
first_ord_date string 日期格式(yyyy-mm-dd)
last_ord_date string 日期格式(yyyy-mm-dd)
dt 分区时间 string 日期格式(yyyy-mm-dd)
我当时的思路是:
第七题(滴滴面试)
根据考试分数筛选每班前三名。
在网上找到了这种解法。原题是找出部门工资最高前三,有两张表:
Employee表包含所有员工信息,每个员工有其对应的工号 Id,姓名 Name,工资 Salary 和部门编号 DepartmentId;
Department 表包含公司所有部门的信息(Id和Name)。
答案来自LeetCode上面的解答。
大概思路是通过要求高于salary的值不超过三个把两个表连接找出前三的值。
select
Department.NAME as Department,
e1.NAME as Employee,
e1.Salary as Salary
from
Employee as e1,Department
where
e1.DepartmentId = Department.Id
and 3 > (select count( distinct e2.Salary )
from Employee as e2
where e1.Salary < e2.Salary and e1.DepartmentId = e2.DepartmentId )
order by Department.NAME, Salary desc;