使用python将网页下载为pdf

背景:即使用 python 实现网页的打印,将网页下载为pdf

要求

安装ChromeDriver,并配置环境遍历,版本需要与chrome版本一致

下载地址:ChromeDriver - WebDriver for Chrome - Downloads (google.com)icon-default.png?t=N7T8https://sites.google.com/chromium.org/driver/downloads代码:

import os,json,time
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains


def print_url_to_pdf(url, save_root, 
                     file_name='demo.pdf', 
                     scroll_distance=500, 
                     scroll_interval=0.5, 
                     headless=False):
    """
    save_root: pdf 保存目录,建议绝对路径
    file_name:pdf保存名称
    scroll_distance:每次向下滑动距离,模拟浏览页面,获得全部页面元素
    scroll_interval:滑动一次后,间隔时间
    headless:是否可见窗口,True, 不可见;False,可见,调试时可设为可见
    """
    chrome_options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()

    settings = {
        "recentDestinations": [{
            "id": "Save as PDF",
            "origin": "local",
            "account": ""
        }],
        "selectedDestinationId": "Save as PDF",
        "version": 2,
        "isHeaderFooterEnabled": False,

        # "customMargins": {},
        # "marginsType": 2,
        # "scaling": 100,
        # "scalingType": 3,
        # "scalingTypePdf": 3,
        "isLandscapeEnabled":False,#landscape横向,portrait 纵向,若不设置该参数,默认纵向
        "isCssBackgroundEnabled": True,
        "mediaSize": {
            "height_microns": 297000,
            "name": "ISO_A4",
            "width_microns": 210000,
            "custom_display_name": "A4 210 x 297 mm"
        },
    }


    chrome_options.add_argument('--enable-print-browser')

    if headless:
        chrome_options.add_argument('--headless') #headless模式下,浏览器窗口不可见,可提高效率

    prefs = {
        'printing.print_preview_sticky_settings.appState': json.dumps(settings),
        'savefile.default_directory': save_root #此处填写你希望文件保存的路径
    }
    chrome_options.add_argument('--kiosk-printing') #静默打印,无需用户点击打印页面的确定按钮
    chrome_options.add_experimental_option('prefs', prefs)


    driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=chrome_options)

    print('-'*100)
    print(f'now: url: {url}')
    driver.get(url)

    # 获取当前所有窗口的句柄
    handles = driver.window_handles
    # 切换到最后一个窗口(假设最后一个窗口是要操作的窗口)
    driver.switch_to.window(handles[-1])


    # 获取当前视口的高度
    viewport_height = driver.execute_script("return window.innerHeight;")
    # 获取滚动条的位置
    current_scroll_position = driver.execute_script("return window.scrollY;")

    # 定义滚动的距离和间隔时间
    # scroll_distance = 200 # 每次滚动的距离
    # scroll_interval = 0.5 # 每次滚动的间隔时间(秒)

    # 计算需要滚动的次数
    num_scrolls = int((driver.execute_script("return document.body.scrollHeight;") - current_scroll_position) / scroll_distance)

    print('scroll pages...')
    # 循环滚动页面
    for _ in range(num_scrolls):
        driver.execute_script(f"window.scrollBy(0, {scroll_distance});")
        time.sleep(scroll_interval)

    # 执行 JavaScript 代码,将页面滚动到底部
    driver.execute_script("window.scrollTo(0, document.body.scrollHeight);")
    # 等待页面加载完成
    # 添加适当的等待时间或条件,确保页面已完全加载
    time.sleep(5)

    driver.maximize_window()
    
    #利用js修改网页的title,该title最终就是PDF文件名,
    # 利用js的window.print可以快速调出浏览器打印窗口,避免使用热键ctrl+P
    path = os.path.join(save_root, file_name)
    print(f'save pdf: {path}')
    driver.execute_script(f'document.title="{file_name}";window.print();') 
    driver.close()


def download_urls(url_list, name_list, save_root):
    for url, name in zip(url_list, name_list):
        print_url_to_pdf(url, save_root, name)
        time.sleep(5)



url_list =[
    'https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%B8%82/126069?fromModule=lemma_search-box&fromtitle=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC&fromid=128981',
    'https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%A4%A9%E6%B4%A5%E5%B8%82/213824?fromModule=lemma_search-box&fromtitle=%E5%A4%A9%E6%B4%A5&fromid=132308'
]
name_list = [
    'beijing.pdf', 'tianjin.pdf'
]
save_root = 'C:\\data'
download_urls(url_list, name_list, save_root)

headless True时,即不显示窗口,不会下载为pdf(代码能正常运行),这个问题暂时未解决,稍后解决。

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