难度:中等
运用你所掌握的数据结构,设计和实现一个 LRU (最近最少使用) 缓存机制 。
实现 LRUCache
类:
LRUCache(int capacity)
以正整数作为容量 capacity
初始化 LRU 缓存int get(int key)
如果关键字 key
存在于缓存中,则返回关键字的值,否则返回 -1
。void put(int key, int value)
如果关键字已经存在,则变更其数据值;如果关键字不存在,则插入该组「关键字-值」。当缓存容量达到上限时,它应该在写入新数据之前删除最久未使用的数据值,从而为新的数据值留出空间。进阶:你是否可以在 O(1)
时间复杂度内完成这两种操作?
示例:
输入
["LRUCache", "put", "put", "get", "put", "get", "put", "get", "get", "get"]
[[2], [1, 1], [2, 2], [1], [3, 3], [2], [4, 4], [1], [3], [4]]
输出
[null, null, null, 1, null, -1, null, -1, 3, 4]
解释
LRUCache lRUCache = new LRUCache(2);
lRUCache.put(1, 1); // 缓存是 {1=1}
lRUCache.put(2, 2); // 缓存是 {1=1, 2=2}
lRUCache.get(1); // 返回 1
lRUCache.put(3, 3); // 该操作会使得关键字 2 作废,缓存是 {1=1, 3=3}
lRUCache.get(2); // 返回 -1 (未找到)
lRUCache.put(4, 4); // 该操作会使得关键字 1 作废,缓存是 {4=4, 3=3}
lRUCache.get(1); // 返回 -1 (未找到)
lRUCache.get(3); // 返回 3
lRUCache.get(4); // 返回 4
提示:
1 <= capacity <= 3000
0 <= key <= 10000
0 <= value <= 105
2 * 105
次 get
和 put
解法一:Hash
class LRUCache:
def __init__(self, capacity: int):
self.capacity = capacity
self.Dict = dict()
def get(self, key: int) -> int:
if key in self.Dict:
self.Dict[key] = self.Dict.pop(key)
return self.Dict[key]
return -1
def put(self, key: int, value: int) -> None:
if key in self.Dict:
self.Dict.pop(key)
self.Dict[key] = value
else:
if len(self.Dict) == self.capacity:
self.Dict.pop(list(self.Dict)[0])
self.Dict[key] = value
# Your LRUCache object will be instantiated and called as such:
# obj = LRUCache(capacity)
# param_1 = obj.get(key)
# obj.put(key,value)
解法二:双链表
class DLinkNode:
def __init__(self,key = 0, value = 0):
self.key = key
self.value = value
self.prev = None
self.next = None
class LRUCache:
def __init__(self, capacity: int):
self.capacity = capacity
self.cache = dict()
self.head = DLinkNode()
self.tail = DLinkNode()
self.head.next = self.tail
self.tail.prev = self.head
self.size = 0
def get(self, key: int) -> int:
if key not in self.cache:
return -1
else:
node = self.cache[key]
self.moveToHead(node)
return node.value
def put(self, key: int, value: int) -> None:
if key not in self.cache:
node = DLinkNode(key, value)
self.cache[key] = node
self.addToHead(node)
self.size += 1
if self.size > self.capacity:
removed = self.removeTail()
self.cache.pop(removed.key)
self.size -= 1
else:
node = self.cache[key]
node.value = value
self.moveToHead(node)
def addToHead(self, node):
node.next = self.head.next
node.prev = self.head
self.head.next.prev = node
self.head.next = node
def moveToHead(self, node):
node.next.prev = node.prev
node.prev.next = node.next
self.addToHead(node)
def removeTail(self):
p = self.tail.prev
self.tail.prev.prev.next = self.tail
self.tail.prev = self.tail.prev.prev
return p
# Your LRUCache object will be instantiated and called as such:
# obj = LRUCache(capacity)
# param_1 = obj.get(key)
# obj.put(key,value)