python3 安装 pillow报错

问题：

最近要使用pillow库, 来训练验证码模型, 但是死活都安装不上

环境

Mac os，python3

尝试安装

pip install pillow

easy_install Pillow

pipenv install pillow

结果死活就是装不上

报错如下:

ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
   command: /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/bin/python3 -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/private/var/folders/sv/sdhpdzb553s1mj5h5f_v_4hm0000gn/T/pip-install-p03b0kiv/pillow/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/private/var/folders/sv/sdhpdzb553s1mj5h5f_v_4hm0000gn/T/pip-install-p03b0kiv/pillow/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' bdist_wheel -d /private/var/folders/sv/sdhpdzb553s1mj5h5f_v_4hm0000gn/T/pip-wheel-mr1t5e6h --python-tag cp38
       cwd: /private/var/folders/sv/sdhpdzb553s1mj5h5f_v_4hm0000gn/T/pip-install-p03b0kiv/pillow/
  Complete output (173 lines):
  running bdist_wheel
  running build
   cwd: /private/var/folders/sv/sdhpdzb553s1mj5h5f_v_4hm0000gn/T/pip-install-p03b0kiv/pillow/
  Complete output (173 lines):
  running bdist_wheel
  running build
  running build_py
  creating build
  creating build/lib.macosx-10.14.6-x86_64-3.8
  creating build/lib.macosx-10.14.6-x86_64-3.8/PIL
  copying src/PIL/MpoImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14.6-x86_64-3.8/PIL
  copying src/PIL/ImageMode.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14.6-x86_64-3.8/PIL
  copying src/PIL/PngImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14.6-x86_64-3.8/PIL
  copying src/PIL/XbmImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14.6-x86_64-3.8/PIL
  copying src/PIL/PcxImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14.6-x86_64-3.8/PIL
  copying src/PIL/SunImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14.6-x86_64-3.8/PIL
  copying src/PIL/ImageFile.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14.6-x86_64-3.8/PIL
  copying src/PIL/SpiderImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14.6-x86_64-3.8/PIL
  copying src/PIL/TarIO.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14.6-x86_64-3.8/PIL
  copying src/PIL/FitsStubImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14.6-x86_64-3.8/PIL
  copying src/PIL/MpegImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14.6-x86_64-3.8/PIL
  copying src/PIL/BdfFontFile.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14.6-x86_64-3.8/PIL
  copying src/PIL/GribStubImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14.6-x86_64-3.8/PIL
  copying src/PIL/ImageStat.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14.6-x86_64-3.8/PIL
  copying src/PIL/PixarImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14.6-x86_64-3.8/PIL
  copying src/PIL/GimpPaletteFile.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14.6-x86_64-3.8/PIL
  copying src/PIL/ImageColor.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14.6-x86_64-3.8/PIL
  copying src/PIL/ContainerIO.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14.6-x86_64-3.8/PIL
  copying src/PIL/MspImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14.6-x86_64-3.8/PIL
  copying src/PIL/MicImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14.6-x86_64-3.8/PIL
  copying src/PIL/_version.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14.6-x86_64-3.8/PIL
  copying src/PIL/ImtImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14.6-x86_64-3.8/PIL
  copying src/PIL/GifImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14.6-x86_64-3.8/PIL
  copying src/PIL/PalmImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14.6-x86_64-3.8/PIL
  copying src/PIL/ImageQt.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14.6-x86_64-3.8/PIL
  copying src/PIL/ImageMath.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14.6-x86_64-3.8/PIL
  copying src/PIL/PaletteFile.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14.6-x86_64-3.8/PIL
  copying src/PIL/FontFile.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14.6-x86_64-3.8/PIL
  copying src/PIL/PdfParser.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14.6-x86_64-3.8/PIL
  copying src/PIL/ExifTags.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14.6-x86_64-3.8/PIL
  copying src/PIL/ImageCms.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14.6-x86_64-3.8/PIL
  copying src/PIL/FpxImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14.6-x86_64-3.8/PIL
  copying src/PIL/ImageChops.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14.6-x86_64-3.8/PIL
  copying src/PIL/BufrStubImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14.6-x86_64-3.8/PIL
  copying src/PIL/PSDraw.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14.6-x86_64-3.8/PIL
  copying src/PIL/PcdImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14.6-x86_64-3.8/PIL
  copying src/PIL/ImageFilter.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14.6-x86_64-3.8/PIL
  copying src/PIL/ImageDraw2.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14.6-x86_64-3.8/PIL
  copying src/PIL/ImagePath.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14.6-x86_64-3.8/PIL
  copying src/PIL/DcxImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14.6-x86_64-3.8/PIL
  copying src/PIL/__init__.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14.6-x86_64-3.8/PIL
  copying src/PIL/JpegPresets.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14.6-x86_64-3.8/PIL
  copying src/PIL/Hdf5StubImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14.6-x86_64-3.8/PIL
  copying src/PIL/features.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14.6-x86_64-3.8/PIL
  copying src/PIL/ImageDraw.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14.6-x86_64-3.8/PIL
  copying src/PIL/GimpGradientFile.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14.6-x86_64-3.8/PIL
  copying src/PIL/ImageWin.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14.6-x86_64-3.8/PIL
  copying src/PIL/IcoImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14.6-x86_64-3.8/PIL
  copying src/PIL/_tkinter_finder.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14.6-x86_64-3.8/PIL
  copying src/PIL/EpsImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14.6-x86_64-3.8/PIL
  copying src/PIL/TgaImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14.6-x86_64-3.8/PIL
  copying src/PIL/ImageMorph.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14.6-x86_64-3.8/PIL
  copying src/PIL/Jpeg2KImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14.6-x86_64-3.8/PIL
  copying src/PIL/WalImageFile.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14.6-x86_64-3.8/PIL
  copying src/PIL/PcfFontFile.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14.6-x86_64-3.8/PIL
  copying src/PIL/BlpImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14.6-x86_64-3.8/PIL
  copying src/PIL/ImageTk.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14.6-x86_64-3.8/PIL
  copying src/PIL/GbrImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14.6-x86_64-3.8/PIL
  copying src/PIL/ImageOps.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14.6-x86_64-3.8/PIL
  copying src/PIL/PdfImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14.6-x86_64-3.8/PIL
  copying src/PIL/ImageShow.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14.6-x86_64-3.8/PIL
  copying src/PIL/ImageEnhance.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14.6-x86_64-3.8/PIL
  copying src/PIL/WmfImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14.6-x86_64-3.8/PIL
  copying src/PIL/ImageGrab.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14.6-x86_64-3.8/PIL
  copying src/PIL/WebPImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14.6-x86_64-3.8/PIL
  copying src/PIL/FliImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14.6-x86_64-3.8/PIL
  copying src/PIL/TiffTags.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14.6-x86_64-3.8/PIL
  copying src/PIL/CurImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14.6-x86_64-3.8/PIL
  copying src/PIL/_util.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14.6-x86_64-3.8/PIL
  copying src/PIL/GdImageFile.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14.6-x86_64-3.8/PIL
  copying src/PIL/TiffImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14.6-x86_64-3.8/PIL
  copying src/PIL/IptcImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14.6-x86_64-3.8/PIL
  copying src/PIL/ImagePalette.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14.6-x86_64-3.8/PIL
  copying src/PIL/BmpImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14.6-x86_64-3.8/PIL
  copying src/PIL/ImageTransform.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14.6-x86_64-3.8/PIL
  copying src/PIL/IcnsImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14.6-x86_64-3.8/PIL
  copying src/PIL/McIdasImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14.6-x86_64-3.8/PIL
  copying src/PIL/XpmImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14.6-x86_64-3.8/PIL
  copying src/PIL/DdsImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14.6-x86_64-3.8/PIL
  copying src/PIL/ImageSequence.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14.6-x86_64-3.8/PIL
  copying src/PIL/PyAccess.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14.6-x86_64-3.8/PIL
  copying src/PIL/_binary.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14.6-x86_64-3.8/PIL
  copying src/PIL/Image.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14.6-x86_64-3.8/PIL
  copying src/PIL/__main__.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14.6-x86_64-3.8/PIL
  copying src/PIL/XVThumbImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14.6-x86_64-3.8/PIL
  copying src/PIL/SgiImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14.6-x86_64-3.8/PIL
  copying src/PIL/ImImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14.6-x86_64-3.8/PIL
  copying src/PIL/PsdImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14.6-x86_64-3.8/PIL
  copying src/PIL/JpegImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14.6-x86_64-3.8/PIL
  copying src/PIL/ImageFont.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14.6-x86_64-3.8/PIL
  copying src/PIL/PpmImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14.6-x86_64-3.8/PIL
  copying src/PIL/FtexImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14.6-x86_64-3.8/PIL
  running egg_info
  writing src/Pillow.egg-info/PKG-INFO
  writing dependency_links to src/Pillow.egg-info/dependency_links.txt
  writing top-level names to src/Pillow.egg-info/top_level.txt
  reading manifest file 'src/Pillow.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'
  reading manifest template 'MANIFEST.in'
  warning: no files found matching '*.c'
  warning: no files found matching '*.h'
  warning: no files found matching '*.sh'
  warning: no previously-included files found matching '.appveyor.yml'
  warning: no previously-included files found matching '.clang-format'
  warning: no previously-included files found matching '.coveragerc'
  warning: no previously-included files found matching '.editorconfig'
  warning: no previously-included files found matching '.readthedocs.yml'
  warning: no previously-included files found matching 'codecov.yml'
  warning: no previously-included files matching '.git*' found anywhere in distribution
  warning: no previously-included files matching '*.pyc' found anywhere in distribution
  warning: no previously-included files matching '*.so' found anywhere in distribution
  no previously-included directories found matching '.ci'
  writing manifest file 'src/Pillow.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'
  running build_ext
  
  
  The headers or library files could not be found for jpeg,
  a required dependency when compiling Pillow from source.
  
  Please see the install instructions at:
     https://pillow.readthedocs.io/en/latest/installation.html
  
  Traceback (most recent call last):
    File "/private/var/folders/sv/sdhpdzb553s1mj5h5f_v_4hm0000gn/T/pip-install-p03b0kiv/pillow/setup.py", line 976, in 
      setup(
    File "/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages/setuptools/__init__.py", line 145, in setup
      return distutils.core.setup(**attrs)
    File "/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/distutils/core.py", line 148, in setup
      dist.run_commands()
    File "/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/distutils/dist.py", line 966, in run_commands
      self.run_command(cmd)
    File "/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/distutils/dist.py", line 985, in run_command
      cmd_obj.run()
    File "/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages/wheel/bdist_wheel.py", line 192, in run
      self.run_command('build')
    File "/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/distutils/cmd.py", line 313, in run_command
      self.distribution.run_command(command)
    File "/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/distutils/dist.py", line 985, in run_command
      cmd_obj.run()
    File "/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/distutils/command/build.py", line 135, in run
      self.run_command(cmd_name)
    File "/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/distutils/cmd.py", line 313, in run_command
      self.distribution.run_command(command)
    File "/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/distutils/dist.py", line 985, in run_command
      cmd_obj.run()
    File "/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages/setuptools/command/build_ext.py", line 84, in run
      _build_ext.run(self)
    File "/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/distutils/command/build_ext.py", line 340, in run
      self.build_extensions()
    File "/private/var/folders/sv/sdhpdzb553s1mj5h5f_v_4hm0000gn/T/pip-install-p03b0kiv/pillow/setup.py", line 788, in build_extensions
      raise RequiredDependencyException(f)
  __main__.RequiredDependencyException: jpeg
  
  During handling of the above exception, another exception occur

解决：

参考：https://zh.codeprj.com/blog/b9c6671.html

步骤一：安装homebrew

推荐中科院的，官网的链接报错

/bin/zsh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://gitee.com/cunkai/HomebrewCN/raw/master/Homebrew.sh)"

选1，如果之前重复安装homebrew的有报错，直接安装就行，会自动删除

步骤二：brew安装libjpeg、zlib

brew install libjpeg zlib
brew install zlib
brew link zlib --force

步骤三：pip安装pillow

因为我mac里有2.7和3.9

我是用的是

sudo pip3 install pillow