1. Flask Hello world
from flask import Flask
# app = Flask(__name__) 默认是static
app = Flask(__name__, static_url_path="/s", static_folder="test1")
@app.route('/')
def hello_world():
return 'Hello World'
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run()
2. 调用参数信息
-
方法一，方便继承复用
app.config.from_object(DefaultConfig)
-
方法二,独立文件保护敏感数据
app.config.from_pyfile("setting1.py")
-
方法三，设置环境变量
app.config.from_envvar("ENV1")
from flask import Flask
class DefaultConfig(object):
SECRUITY_KEY = "QASDRFTGYUYTREWQTY"
app = Flask(__name__, static_url_path="/s", static_folder="test1")
# 方法一，方便继承复用
# app.config.from_object(DefaultConfig)
# 方法二,独立文件保护敏感数据
# app.config.from_pyfile("setting1.py")
# 方法三，设置环境变量
app.config.from_envvar("ENV1")
@app.route('/')
def hello_world():
# 读取配置信息
return app.config["SECRUITY_KEY"]
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run()
setting1.py
SECRUITY_KEY = "dfghjhdesdfgbh`12567"
3. app.run()替代
修改默认配置
image-20210708190136670.png
app.url_map
import json
from flask import Flask
def create_flask_app(config):
app = Flask(__name__, static_url_path="/s", static_folder="test1")
app.config.from_object(config)
return app
class DefaultConfig(object):
SECRUITY_KEY = "QASDRFTGYUYTREWQTY"
class DevelopmentConfig(DefaultConfig):
DEBUG = True
app = create_flask_app(DevelopmentConfig)
@app.route('/')
def hello_world():
# 读取配置信息
return app.config["SECRUITY_KEY"]
@app.route("/url")
def url():
urls = app.url_map.iter_rules()
return json.dumps({url.endpoint: url.rule for url in urls})
# print(app.url_map)
for url in app.url_map.iter_rules():
print(f"name={url.endpoint}, path={url.rule}")
# if __name__ == '__main__':
# app.run(host="0.0.0.0", port=5000)
4. 蓝图
image-20210708190429374.png
from flask import Flask, Blueprint
app = Flask(__name__, static_url_path="/s", static_folder="test1")
# 创建蓝图对象
user_bp = Blueprint("user", __name__)
@user_bp.route("/profile", methods=["POST"])
def get_profile():
return "user profile"
# 注册蓝图
# 127.0.0.1:5000/profile
# app.register_blueprint(user_bp)
# 127.0.0.1:5000/user/profile
app.register_blueprint(user_bp, url_prefix="/user")
from goods import goods_bp
app.register_blueprint(goods_bp, url_prefix="/goods")
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run()
_init_.py
from flask import Blueprint
goods_bp = Blueprint("goods", __name__, )
from . import views
view.py
from . import goods_bp
@goods_bp.route("/good")
def getGoods():
return "goods"
5. URL路径参数
image-20210708205052019.png
from flask import Flask, request
from werkzeug.routing import BaseConverter
class MobileConverter(BaseConverter):
regex = r"1[3-9]\d{9}"
app = Flask(__name__)
app.url_map.converters["mobile"] = MobileConverter
# @app.route('/users/')
@app.route('/users/')
def getUserId(usr_id):
print(type(usr_id))
return f'usr id: {usr_id}'
@app.route('/phone/')
def getMobile(mon_num):
print(type(mon_num))
return f'mobile number: {mon_num}'
# /articles?channerl_id=123
@app.route("/articles")
def getActiclr():
channel_id = request.args.get("channerl_id")
return f"channerl id: {channel_id}"
@app.route("/upload", methods=["POST"])
def uploadFile():
file = request.files["pic"]
# with open("./demo.png", "wb") as nf:
# nf.write(file.read())
file.save("./demo.png")
return "ok"
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run()
6. 模板响应
templates/index.html
Title
hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh
{{my_str}}
{{my_int}}
asxdcfghjkl;
py
from flask import Flask, render_template
app = Flask(__name__)
@app.route('/')
def home():
mint = 1234
mstr = "asdfvgbn"
data = dict(
my_int = 1234,
my_str = "12345tgbfdsa"
)
# return render_template("index.html", my_str=mstr, my_int=mint)
return render_template("index.html", **data)
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run()
7. 返回json
from flask import Flask, jsonify
app = Flask(__name__)
@app.route('/')
def rejson():
data = dict(
my_int = 1234,
my_str = "12345tgbfdsa"
)
return jsonify(data)
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run()
8. 构造响应状态
from flask import Flask, make_response
app = Flask(__name__)
@app.route('/re1')
def re1():
return "state", 666, {"name": "kdk"}
@app.route('/re2')
def re2():
resp = make_response("body")
resp.headers["name"] = "hdk"
resp.status = "404 good"
return resp
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run()
9. cookie 和 session
from flask import Flask, make_response, request, session
class DefaultConfig(object):
SECRET_KEY = "QASDRFTGYUYTREWQTY"
app = Flask(__name__)
app.config.from_object(DefaultConfig)
@app.route('/cooke')
def setCookie():
resp = make_response("set cookie hdk")
resp.set_cookie("name1", "hdk")
return resp
@app.route('/getcooke')
def getCookie():
resp = request.cookies.get("name1")
return resp
@app.route('/deleteCooke')
def deleteCookie():
resp = make_response("set cookie hdk")
resp.delete_cookie("name1", "hdk")
return resp
@app.route('/setSession')
def setSession():
session["name2"] = "hddk"
return "seesion ok"
@app.route('/getSession')
def getSession():
name = session.get("name2")
return f"seesion: {name}"
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run()
10. 异常处理
from flask import Flask, request, abort
app = Flask(__name__)
# abort
@app.route("/articles")
def getActiclr():
channel_id = request.args.get("channerl_id")
if channel_id is None:
abort(400)
return f"channerl id: {channel_id}"
# code error
@app.errorhandler(500)
def internal_sever_error(e):
return "Sever remove"
# catch error
@app.errorhandler(ZeroDivisionError)
def zero_division(e):
print(e)
return "can't 0"
@app.route("/o")
def getResult():
r = 1/0
return f"ok{r}"
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run()
11.请求钩子
启动中间件
from flask import Flask
app = Flask(__name__)
@app.before_first_request
def before_first_request():
print("before_first_request")
@app.before_request
def before_request():
print("before_request")
@app.after_request
def after_request(response):
print("after_request")
response.headers["Content-Type"] = "application/json"
return response
@app.teardown_request
def teardown_request(response):
print("teardown_request")
@app.route("/")
def index():
print("view")
return "index"
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run()
12. 上下文
from flask import Flask, current_app, g
app1 = Flask(__name__)
app2 = Flask(__name__)
#redis-cli
app1.redis_cli = "redis client1"
app2.redis_cli = "redis client2"
@app1.route('/app1')
def fetApp1():
return f"{current_app.redis_cli}"
@app2.route('/app2')
def fetApp2():
return f"{current_app.redis_cli}"
def db_query():
uid = g.user_id
uname = g.user_name
return f"db result: {uid}, {uname}"
# g对象
@app1.route('/user')
def getUser():
g.user_id = 123
g.user_name = "hdk"
return db_query()
from application import bp
app1.register_blueprint(bp)
if __name__ == '__main__':
# only one
app1.run()
# app2.run()
application.py
from flask import Blueprint, current_app
bp = Blueprint("blue1", __name__)
@bp.route('/bp1')
def viewFunc():
print(current_app.redis_cli)
return "ok"
13. 认证机制
- 特定强制需求->装饰器
- 所有试图的需求->钩子
from flask import Flask, g, abort
app = Flask(__name__)
@app.before_request
def auth():
g.user_id = 123
# g.user_id = None
def login_required(func):
def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
if g.user_id is None:
abort(401)
else:
return func(*args, **kwargs)
return wrapper
@app.route("/")
def index():
print("view")
return f"user is {g.user_id}"
@app.route("/profile")
@login_required
def getUserProfile():
return f"user profile {g.user_id}"
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run()