Docker学习笔记

1.Docker的安装

链接:Ubuntu上安装Docker

2.Docker常用命令

#启动docker服务:
systemctl start docker
#停止docker服务:
systemctl stop docker
#重启docker服务:
systemctl restart docker
#查看docker服务状态:
systemctl status docker
#设置开机启动docker服务:
systemctl enable docker

3.Docker中镜像和容器的概念

4.镜像命令

查看镜像

docker images
docker images -q#查看所有镜像ID

搜索镜像

docker search redis#查看redis的所有镜像

下载镜像(不指定版本号则下载最新版本)

docker pull redis:5.0#下载Redis镜像,指定版本号为5.0

删除本地镜像

docker rmi 镜像ID#镜像ID从前面的docker images命令获取
docker rmi 'docker images -q'#删除本地所有镜像

5.容器命令

6.数据卷

宿主机和Nginx容器之间建立了双向映射,对宿主机文件系统的文件修改,等于修改Nginx容器内的文件,反过来,对Nginx容器的文件进行修改等于修改宿主机文件系统的文件.又因为宿主机文件系统内有比较方便的文件修改的软件,因此在宿主机里面进行修改更加便捷,这就是数据卷的意义!

6.1数据卷命令

命令	说明
docker volume create 某个数据卷	创建数据卷
docker volume ls	查看所有数据卷
docker volume rm 某个数据卷名字	删除指定数据卷
docker volume inspect 某个数据卷名字	查看某个数据卷的详情
docker volume prune 某个数据卷名字	清除数据卷

root@ubuntu:/home/ubuntu# docker run -d --name nginx -p 80:80 -v html:/usr/share/nginx/html nginx 
476e65fadf296b7f16ddd41de7ec853115f3d11be5176bf7904eddeac9b257db
//宿主机内的html目录映射到/usr/share/nginx/html,
//宿主机的目录默认是/var/lib/docker/volumes/下面的,
//这里直接html:/usr/share/nginx/html其实
//相当于/var/lib/docker/volumes/html映射到:/usr/share/nginx/html
root@ubuntu:/home/ubuntu# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS         PORTS                                                  NAMES
476e65fadf29   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   4 seconds ago   Up 3 seconds   0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp, :::80->80/tcp                      nginx
8cb1b0be2e14   mysql     "docker-entrypoint.s…"   6 hours ago     Up 6 hours     33060/tcp, 0.0.0.0:3307->3306/tcp, :::3307->3306/tcp   mysql2
e325751d7107   mysql     "docker-entrypoint.s…"   7 hours ago     Up 7 hours     0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, :::3306->3306/tcp, 33060/tcp   mysql
root@ubuntu:/home/ubuntu# docker volume ls
DRIVER    VOLUME NAME
local     1aeb968aa95ac9884b620f266d8b45da10beb5413dac4d540a62a723e05d4902
local     2c66b24d7f2453b978a730b8d8de3e97b501dd78ab2387a6944f948f29436896
local     4ff1c5f9a98ce72505d2a35d53304d1b8f628fe4d234bb3addbdca4b7cd2b08e
local     5f0f95ce74a82ae7f3b222da0383540e5a080d97bc4e7c2806b2bf1de92a35ae
local     5f277e59d9025a02d2728ce182d144a8d5ce2e6730569198c32d375992fb2620
local     8b2a53b2ddfa3a0929853208e6333a585bcf2373ae6e3f850016106c5874faba
local     8dde3b7f9de27358700620ac57f1f4b037d185a606a67ac244bd89787c16910d
local     683b3fa69b25bc3b66446caec94d6b66deafa92877cd275f39cdfab4d5a67ec7
local     941e9aa3f0cd18f4b80cbb56379b84d88a7eafa9954bcd46536ebf9f55c9c7d0
local     19903af74f618926f762a440fe79bbd4936c24afae4db3ea2e9fb273d5453af4
local     c4d48d2b515897acaea4133f8cede385b7052906c10f22f08f9c84303adce106
local     cbd2029e3e397a06c6af16c43ee858562f1dbb3151f1a3ad786adfc95b31f7ef
local     e6811820c6869710d95e34af624b003f5e1ce8092ab492fd07fec9ca53a48ecb
local     eaee5368a59851075be69f7180001492786fba9b895e7ae5660f969ca4848e7a
local     f658ac2f2cded566bf55d9be7456b3fec03bbde64c414ba5a5b732cfb1779f13
local     html
root@ubuntu:/home/ubuntu# docker volume inspect html
[
    {
        "CreatedAt": "2023-10-04T01:50:24-07:00",
        "Driver": "local",
        "Labels": null,
        "Mountpoint": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/html/_data",
        "Name": "html",
        "Options": null,
        "Scope": "local"
    }
]