C++ 综合大案例 ：机房预约系统（4）
C++系列内容的学习目录 → \rightarrow →C++学习系列内容汇总。
- 1. 机房预约系统需求
- 2. 创建项目
- 3. 创建主菜单
- 4. 退出功能实现
- 5. 创建身份类
- 6. 登录模块
- 7. 管理员模块
- 8. 学生模块
- 9. 老师模块
- 10. 附录：完整代码
-
- 10.1 机房预约系统.cpp
- 10.2 Identity.h
- 10.3 student.h
- 10.4 student.cpp
- 10.5 teacher.h
- 10.6 teacher.cpp
- 10.7 manager.h
- 10.8 manager.cpp
- 10.9 globalFile.h
- 10.10 computerRoom.h
- 10.11 orderFile.h
- 10.12 orderFile.cpp
本案例由于内容较多，故分为四个篇章。
1-6部分的内容见 C++ 综合大案例 ：机房预约系统（1）
7部分的内容见 C++ 综合大案例 ：机房预约系统（2）
8-9部分的内容见 C++ 综合大案例 ：机房预约系统（3）
10部分的内容见 C++ 综合大案例 ：机房预约系统（4）
1. 机房预约系统需求
2. 创建项目
3. 创建主菜单
4. 退出功能实现
5. 创建身份类
6. 登录模块
1-6部分的内容见C++ 综合大案例 ：机房预约系统（1）。
7. 管理员模块
7部分的内容见C++ 综合大案例 ：机房预约系统（2）。
8. 学生模块
9. 老师模块
8-9部分的内容见C++ 综合大案例 ：机房预约系统（3）。
10. 附录：完整代码
机房预约系统的完整代码，点击 → \rightarrow →Github链接进行查看。
10.1 机房预约系统.cpp
#include10.2 Identity.h
#pragma once
#include10.3 student.h
#pragma once
#include10.4 student.cpp
#include"student.h"
//默认构造
Student::Student()
{
}
//有参构造（参数：学号、姓名、密码）
Student::Student(int id, string name, string pwd)
{
//初始化属性
this->m_Id = id;
this->m_Name = name;
this->m_Pwd = pwd;
//初始化机房信息
ifstream ifs;
ifs.open(COMPUTER_FILE, ios::in);
ComputerRoom com;
while (ifs >> com.m_ComId && ifs >> com.m_MaxNum)
{
vCom.push_back(com); //将读取的信息放入到容器中
}
ifs.close();
}
//菜单界面
void Student::operMenu()
{
cout << "欢迎学生代表：" << this->m_Name << "登录！" << endl;
cout << "\t\t ----------------------------------\n";
cout << "\t\t| |\n";
cout << "\t\t| 1.申请预约 |\n";
cout << "\t\t| |\n";
cout << "\t\t| 2.查看我的预约 |\n";
cout << "\t\t| |\n";
cout << "\t\t| 3.查看所有预约 |\n";
cout << "\t\t| |\n";
cout << "\t\t| 4.取消预约 |\n";
cout << "\t\t| |\n";
cout << "\t\t| 0.注销登录 |\n";
cout << "\t\t| |\n";
cout << "\t\t ----------------------------------\n";
cout << "请选择您的操作： " << endl;
}
//申请预约
void Student::applyOrder()
{
cout << "机房开放的时间为周一至周五！" << endl;
cout << "请选择申请预约的时间：" << endl;
cout << "1. 周一" << " 2. 周二" << " 3. 周三" << " 4. 周四" << " 5. 周五" << endl;
int date = 0; //日期
int interval = 0; //时间段
int room = 0; //机房编号
while (true)
{
cin >> date;
if (date >= 1 && date <= 5)
{
break;
}
else
{
cout << "输入有误，请重新输入：" << endl;
}
}
cout << "请选择申请预约的时间段：" << endl;
cout << "1. 上午（8:00 - 12:00）" << " 2. 下午（14:00 - 18:00）" << endl;
while (true)
{
cin >> interval;
if (interval >= 1 && interval <= 2)
{
break;
}
else
{
cout << "输入有误，请重新输入：" << endl;
}
}
cout << "请选择机房：" << endl;
for (int i = 0; i < vCom.size(); i++)
{
cout << vCom[i].m_ComId << "号机房的容量为：" << vCom[i].m_MaxNum << endl;
}
while (true)
{
cin >> room;
if (room >= 1 && room <= 3)
{
break;
}
else
{
cout << "输入有误，请重新输入：" << endl;
}
}
cout << "预约成功！审核中..." << endl;
ofstream ofs;
ofs.open(ORDER_FILE, ios::app);
ofs << "date:" << date << " "; //日期
ofs << "interval:" << interval << " "; //时间段
ofs << "stuId:" << this->m_Id << " "; //学生学号
ofs << "stuName:" << this->m_Name << " "; //学生姓名
ofs << "roomId:" << room << " "; //机房编号
ofs << "status:" << 1 << " "; //预约状态（1代表审核中）
ofs << endl;
ofs.close();
system("pause");
system("cls");
}
//查看自身预约
void Student::showMyOrder()
{
OrderFile of;
if (of.m_Size == 0) //无预约记录，返回
{
cout << "无预约记录！" << endl;
system("pause");
system("cls");
return;
}
//有预约记录，将自身信息返回
for (int i = 0; i < of.m_Size; i++)
{
//找到自身预约
if (atoi(of.m_orderData[i]["stuId"].c_str()) == this->m_Id) //.c_str()将string转化为const char *；atoi()将const char *转化为int；整体就是将string转为int
{
cout << "预约日期：周" << of.m_orderData[i]["date"];
cout << " 时间段：" << (of.m_orderData[i]["interval"]=="1"?"上午":"下午");
cout << " 机房编号：" << of.m_orderData[i]["roomId"];
string status = " 预约状态：";
//1 审核中；2 已预约；-1 预约失败；0 取消预约
if (of.m_orderData[i]["status"] == "1")
{
status += "审核中...";
}
else if (of.m_orderData[i]["status"] == "2")
{
status += "审核通过，预约成功！";
}
else if (of.m_orderData[i]["status"] == "-1")
{
status += "审核未通过，预约失败！";
}
else if (of.m_orderData[i]["status"] == "0")
{
status += "取消预约！";
}
cout << status << endl;
}
}
system("pause");
system("cls");
}
//查看所有预约
void Student::showAllOrder()
{
OrderFile of;
if (of.m_Size == 0)
{
cout << "无预约记录！" << endl;
system("pause");
system("cls");
return;
}
for (int i = 0; i < of.m_Size; i++)
{
cout << i + 1 << "、 ";
cout << "预约日期：周" << of.m_orderData[i]["date"];
cout << " 时间段：" << (of.m_orderData[i]["interval"] == "1" ? "上午" : "下午");
cout << " 学号：" << of.m_orderData[i]["stuId"];
cout << " 姓名：" << of.m_orderData[i]["stuName"];
cout << " 机房编号：" << of.m_orderData[i]["roomId"];
string status = " 预约状态：";
//1 审核中；2 已预约；-1 预约失败；0 取消预约
if (of.m_orderData[i]["status"] == "1")
{
status += "审核中...";
}
else if (of.m_orderData[i]["status"] == "2")
{
status += "审核通过，预约成功！";
}
else if (of.m_orderData[i]["status"] == "-1")
{
status += "审核未通过，预约失败！";
}
else if (of.m_orderData[i]["status"] == "0")
{
status += "取消预约！";
}
cout << status << endl;
}
system("pause");
system("cls");
}
//取消预约
void Student::cancelOrder()
{
OrderFile of;
if (of.m_Size == 0)
{
cout << "无预约记录！" << endl;
system("pause");
system("cls");
return;
}
cout << "审核中或预约成功的记录可以取消，您的预约记录如下：" << endl;
vector<int>v; //存放最大容器中的下标编号
int index = 1; //提示用户需要操作的预约记录的条数
for (int i = 0; i < of.m_Size; i++)
{
//先判断是否是自身学号
if (this->m_Id == atoi(of.m_orderData[i]["stuId"].c_str()))
{
//再筛选状态，审核中或预约成功
if (of.m_orderData[i]["status"] == "1" || of.m_orderData[i]["status"] == "2")
{
v.push_back(i);
cout << index++ << "、 ";
cout << "预约日期：周" << of.m_orderData[i]["date"];
cout << " 时间段：" << (of.m_orderData[i]["interval"] == "1"?"上午":"下午");
cout << " 机房编号：" << of.m_orderData[i]["roomId"];
string status = " 预约状态：";
//1 审核中；2 已预约；-1 预约失败；0 取消预约
if (of.m_orderData[i]["status"] == "1")
{
status += "审核中...";
}
else if (of.m_orderData[i]["status"] == "2")
{
status += "审核通过，预约成功！";
}
cout << status << endl;
}
}
}
cout << "请输入需要取消的记录（0代表返回）：" << endl;
int select = 0;
while (true)
{
cin >> select;
if (select >= 0 && select <= v.size())
{
if (select == 0)
{
break;
}
else
{
of.m_orderData[v[select - 1]]["status"] = "0"; //v[select - 1]用于需要取消的记录所在位置
of.updateOrder(); //更新数据
cout << "已取消预约！" << endl;
break;
}
}
cout << "输入有误，请重新输入：" << endl;
}
system("pause");
system("cls");
}
10.5 teacher.h
#pragma once
#include10.6 teacher.cpp
#include"teacher.h"
//默认构造函数
Teacher::Teacher()
{
}
//有参构造函数（参数：职工号、姓名、密码）
Teacher::Teacher(int empId, string name, string pwd)
{
//初始化属性
this->m_EmpId = empId;
this->m_Name = name;
this->m_Pwd = pwd;
}
//菜单界面
void Teacher::operMenu()
{
cout << "欢迎老师：" << this->m_Name << "登录！" << endl;
cout << "\t\t ----------------------------------\n";
cout << "\t\t| |\n";
cout << "\t\t| 1.查看所有预约 |\n";
cout << "\t\t| |\n";
cout << "\t\t| 2.审核预约 |\n";
cout << "\t\t| |\n";
cout << "\t\t| 0.注销登录 |\n";
cout << "\t\t| |\n";
cout << "\t\t ----------------------------------\n";
cout << "请选择您的操作： " << endl;
}
//查看所有预约
void Teacher::showAllOrder()
{
OrderFile of;
if (of.m_Size == 0)
{
cout << "无预约记录！" << endl;
system("pause");
system("cls");
return;
}
for (int i = 0; i < of.m_Size; i++)
{
cout << i + 1 << "、 ";
cout << "预约日期：周" << of.m_orderData[i]["date"];
cout << " 时间段：" << (of.m_orderData[i]["interval"] == "1" ? "上午" : "下午");
cout << " 学号：" << of.m_orderData[i]["stuId"];
cout << " 姓名：" << of.m_orderData[i]["stuName"];
cout << " 机房编号：" << of.m_orderData[i]["roomId"];
string status = " 预约状态：";
//1 审核中；2 已预约；-1 预约失败；0 取消预约
if (of.m_orderData[i]["status"] == "1")
{
status += "审核中...";
}
else if (of.m_orderData[i]["status"] == "2")
{
status += "审核通过，预约成功！";
}
else if (of.m_orderData[i]["status"] == "-1")
{
status += "审核未通过，预约失败！";
}
else if (of.m_orderData[i]["status"] == "0")
{
status += "取消预约！";
}
cout << status << endl;
}
system("pause");
system("cls");
}
//审核预约
void Teacher::valiOrder()
{
OrderFile of;
if (of.m_Size == 0)
{
cout << "无预约记录！" << endl;
system("pause");
system("cls");
return;
}
vector<int>v; //存放待审核的预约记录编号
int index = 0;
cout << "待审核的预约记录如下：" << endl;
for (int i = 0; i < of.m_Size; i++)
{
if (of.m_orderData[i]["status"] == "1")
{
v.push_back(i);
cout << ++index << "、 ";
cout << "预约日期：周" << of.m_orderData[i]["date"];
cout << " 时间段：" << (of.m_orderData[i]["interval"] == "1" ? "上午" : "下午");
cout << " 学号：" << of.m_orderData[i]["stuId"];
cout << " 姓名：" << of.m_orderData[i]["stuName"];
cout << " 机房编号：" << of.m_orderData[i]["roomId"];
string status = " 预约状态：审核中..."; //待审核的预约记录只有审核中一种情况
cout << status << endl;
}
}
cout << "请输入需要审核的预约记录（0代表返回）：" << endl;
int select = 0; //接收用户选择的预约记录
int ret = 0; //接收预约记录的审核结果（审核提供或审核未通过）
while (true)
{
cin >> select;
if (select >= 0 && select <= v.size())
{
if (select == 0)
{
break;
}
else
{
cout << "请输入审核结果：" << endl;
cout << "1. 通过" << endl;
cout << "2. 不通过" << endl;
cin >> ret;
if (ret == 1)
{
//审核通过
of.m_orderData[v[select - 1]]["status"] = "2";
}
else
{
//审核不通过
of.m_orderData[v[select - 1]]["status"] = "-1";
}
of.updateOrder(); //更新预约记录
cout << "审核完毕！" << endl;
break;
}
}
cout << "输入有误，请重新输入：" << endl;
}
system("pause");
system("cls");
}
10.7 manager.h
#pragma once
#include10.8 manager.cpp
#include"manager.h"
//默认构造
Manager::Manager()
{
}
//有参构造函数（参数：姓名、密码）
Manager::Manager(string name, string pwd)
{
//初始化管理员信息
this->m_Name = name;
this->m_Pwd = pwd;
//初始化容器，获取到所有文件中的学生、老师信息
this->initVector();
//初始化机房信息
ifstream ifs;
ifs.open(COMPUTER_FILE, ios::in);
ComputerRoom com;
while (ifs >> com.m_ComId && ifs >> com.m_MaxNum)
{
vCom.push_back(com);
}
ifs.close();
cout << "机房的数量为：" << vCom.size() << endl;
}
//菜单界面
void Manager::operMenu()
{
cout << "欢迎管理员：" << this->m_Name << "登录！" << endl;
cout << "\t\t ---------------------------------\n";
cout << "\t\t| |\n";
cout << "\t\t| 1.添加账号 |\n";
cout << "\t\t| |\n";
cout << "\t\t| 2.查看账号 |\n";
cout << "\t\t| |\n";
cout << "\t\t| 3.查看机房 |\n";
cout << "\t\t| |\n";
cout << "\t\t| 4.清空预约 |\n";
cout << "\t\t| |\n";
cout << "\t\t| 0.注销登录 |\n";
cout << "\t\t| |\n";
cout << "\t\t ---------------------------------\n";
cout << "请选择您的操作： " << endl;
}
//添加账号
void Manager::addPerson()
{
cout << "请输入添加账号的类型：" << endl;
cout << "1. 添加学生" << endl;
cout << "2. 添加老师" << endl;
string fileName; //操作文件名
string tip; //提示id号
string errorTip; //重复错误提示
ofstream ofs; //文件操作对象
int select = 0;
cin >> select;
if (select == 1)
{
//添加的是学生
fileName = STUDENT_FILE;
tip = "请输入学号：";
errorTip = "学号重复，请重新输入：";
}
else
{
fileName = TEACHER_FILE;
tip = "请输入职工号：";
errorTip = "职工号重复，请重新输入：";
}
ofs.open(fileName, ios::out | ios::app); //利用追加的方式写文件
int id; //学号或职工号
string name; //姓名
string pwd; //密码
cout << tip << endl;
while (true)
{
cin >> id;
bool ret = checkRepeat(id, select);
if (ret)
{
cout << errorTip << endl;
}
else
{
break;
}
}
cout << "请输入姓名：" << endl;
cin >> name;
cout << "请输入密码：" << endl;
cin >> pwd;
//向文件中添加数据
ofs << id << " " << name << " " << pwd << " " << endl;
cout << "添加成功！" << endl;
system("pause");
system("cls");
ofs.close();
//调用初始化容器的接口，重新获取文件中的数据
this->initVector();
}
void printStudent(Student &s)
{
cout << "学号：" << s.m_Id << " 姓名：" << s.m_Name << " 密码：" << s.m_Pwd << endl;
}
void printTeacher(Teacher &t)
{
cout << "职工号：" << t.m_EmpId << " 姓名：" << t.m_Name << " 密码：" << t.m_Pwd << endl;
}
//查看账号
void Manager::showPerson()
{
cout << "请选择查看的内容：" << endl;
cout << "1. 查看所有学生" << endl;
cout << "2. 查看所有老师" << endl;
int select = 0; //接受用户选择
cin >> select;
if (select == 1)
{
//查看学生
cout << "所有学生的信息如下：" << endl;
for_each(vStu.begin(), vStu.end(), printStudent);
}
else
{
//查看老师
cout << "所有老师的信息如下：" << endl;
for_each(vTea.begin(), vTea.end(), printTeacher);
}
system("pause");
system("cls");
}
//查看机房信息
void Manager::showComputer()
{
cout << "机房的信息如下：" << endl;
for (vector<ComputerRoom>::iterator it = vCom.begin(); it != vCom.end(); it++)
{
cout << "机房编号：" << it->m_ComId << " 机房最大容量：" << it->m_MaxNum << endl;
}
system("pause");
system("cls");
}
//清空预约记录
void Manager::cleanFile()
{
ofstream ofs(ORDER_FILE, ios::trunc);
ofs.close();
cout << "清空成功！" << endl;
system("pause");
system("cls");
}
//初始化容器
void Manager::initVector()
{
//确保容器清空状态
vStu.clear();
vTea.clear();
//读取信息：学生
ifstream ifs;
ifs.open(STUDENT_FILE, ios::in);
if (!ifs.is_open())
{
cout << "文件读取失败！" << endl;
return;
}
Student s;
while (ifs >> s.m_Id && ifs >> s.m_Name && ifs >> s.m_Pwd)
{
vStu.push_back(s);
}
cout << "当前学生数量为：" << vStu.size() << endl;
ifs.close();
//读取信息：老师
ifs.open(TEACHER_FILE, ios::in);
Teacher t;
while (ifs >> t.m_EmpId && ifs >> t.m_Name && ifs >> t.m_Pwd)
{
vTea.push_back(t);
}
cout << "当前老师数量为：" << vTea.size() << endl;
ifs.close();
}
//检测重复（参数1：检测学号、职工号；参数2：检测类型）
bool Manager::checkRepeat(int id, int type)
{
if (type == 1)
{
//检测学生
for (vector<Student>::iterator it = vStu.begin(); it != vStu.end(); it++)
{
if (id == it->m_Id)
{
return true;
}
}
}
else
{
//检测老师
for (vector<Teacher>::iterator it = vTea.begin(); it != vTea.end(); it++)
{
if (id == it->m_EmpId)
{
return true;
}
}
}
return false; // 没有重复
}
10.9 globalFile.h
#pragma once
//管理员文件
#define ADMIN_FILE "admin.txt"
//学生文件
#define STUDENT_FILE "student.txt"
//老师文件
#define TEACHER_FILE "teacher.txt"
//机房信息文件
#define COMPUTER_FILE "computerRoom.txt"
//订单文件
#define ORDER_FILE "order.txt"
10.10 computerRoom.h
#pragma once
#include10.11 orderFile.h
#pragma once
#include中key代表属性（日期、时间段...），value代表实值（每个属性对应的具体内容）；map>中key代表预约记录条数，value代表一条记录中的所有信息
};
10.12 orderFile.cpp
#include"orderFile.h"
//构造函数
OrderFile::OrderFile()
{
ifstream ifs;
ifs.open(ORDER_FILE, ios::in);
string date; //日期
string interval; //时间段
string stuId; //学生学号
string stuName; //学生姓名
string roomId; //机房编号
string status; //预约状态
this->m_Size = 0; //记录条数
while (ifs>>date && ifs>>interval && ifs>>stuId && ifs >> stuName && ifs >> roomId && ifs >> status)
{
//测试代码
//cout << date << endl;
//cout << interval << endl;
//cout << stuId << endl;
//cout << stuName << endl;
//cout << roomId << endl;
//cout << status << endl;
//cout << endl;
string key;
string value;
map<string, string>m;
//date:1 截取日期
int pos = date.find(":"); //pos = 4
if (pos != -1)
{
key = date.substr(0, pos);
value = date.substr(pos + 1, date.size() - pos - 1); //size = 6; pos = 4; 从5的位置开始截取6-4-1=1个字符
/*cout << "key = " << key << endl;
cout << "value = " << value << endl;*/
m.insert(make_pair(key, value));
}
//截取时间段
pos = interval.find(":");
if (pos != -1)
{
key = interval.substr(0, pos);
value = interval.substr(pos + 1, interval.size() - pos - 1);
m.insert(make_pair(key, value));
}
//截取学号
pos = stuId.find(":");
if (pos != -1)
{
key = stuId.substr(0, pos);
value = stuId.substr(pos + 1, stuId.size() - pos - 1);
m.insert(make_pair(key, value));
}
//截取学生姓名
pos = stuName.find(":");
if (pos != -1)
{
key = stuName.substr(0, pos);
value = stuName.substr(pos + 1, stuName.size() - pos - 1);
m.insert(make_pair(key, value));
}
//截取机房编号
pos = roomId.find(":");
if (pos != -1)
{
key = roomId.substr(0, pos);
value = roomId.substr(pos + 1, roomId.size() - pos - 1);
m.insert(make_pair(key, value));
}
//截取预约状态
pos = status.find(":");
if (pos != -1)
{
key = status.substr(0, pos);
value = status.substr(pos + 1, status.size() - pos - 1);
m.insert(make_pair(key, value));
}
//将小map容器放入到大的map容器中
this->m_orderData.insert(make_pair(this->m_Size, m));
this->m_Size++;
}
ifs.close();
//测试大的map容器
/*for (map>::iterator it = m_orderData.begin(); it != m_orderData.end(); it++)
{
cout << "条数为：" << it->first << " value = " << endl;
for (map::iterator mit = (*it).second.begin(); mit != it->second.end(); mit++)
{
cout << "key = " << mit->first << " value = " << mit->second << endl;
}
cout << endl;
}*/
}
//更新预约记录
void OrderFile::updateOrder()
{
if (this->m_Size == 0)
{
return; //预约记录为0，直接return
}
//预约记录不为0，更新预约记录
ofstream ofs(ORDER_FILE, ios::out | ios::trunc); //利用ios::out写入，并且删了重写
for (int i = 0; i < this->m_Size; i++)
{
ofs << "date:" << this->m_orderData[i]["date"] << " ";
ofs << "interval:" << this->m_orderData[i]["interval"] << " ";
ofs << "stuId:" << this->m_orderData[i]["stuId"] << " ";
ofs << "stuName:" << this->m_orderData[i]["stuName"] << " ";
ofs << "roomId:" << this->m_orderData[i]["roomId"] << " ";
ofs << "status:" << this->m_orderData[i]["status"] << " ";
ofs << endl;
}
ofs.close();
}