本指南将讨论在Fedora 31/30/29上PostgreSQL 12的安装。PostgreSQL是一种开放源代码数据库服务器，其创建目的是可靠，健壮并适用于注重性能的部署。PostgreSQL 12已于2019年10月3日发布，具有许多新功能以供一般使用。
步骤1：更新系统
确保系统软件包是最新的：
sudo dnf install -y vim bash-completion wget
sudo dnf update -y
由于您可能具有内核更新，因此建议您在升级后重新引导系统
sudo reboot
步骤2：添加PostgreSQL Yum存储库
通过运行以下命令将PostgreSQL Yum存储库添加到您的Fedora系统：
Fedora 31：
sudo dnf install https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/reporpms/F-31-x86_64/pgdg-fedora-repo-latest.noarch.rpm
Fedora 30：
sudo dnf install https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/reporpms/F-30-x86_64/pgdg-fedora-repo-latest.noarch.rpm
Fedora 29：
sudo dnf install https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/reporpms/F-29-x86_64/pgdg-fedora-repo-latest.noarch.rpm
当提示您确认安装时，请按 y 键。
Last metadata expiration check: 0:01:25 ago on Sat 12 Oct 2019 06:52:54 AM UTC.
pgdg-fedora-repo-latest.noarch.rpm 21 kB/s | 9.7 kB 00:00
Dependencies resolved.
===================================================================================================================================================
Package Architecture Version Repository Size
===================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
pgdg-fedora-repo noarch 42.0-5 @commandline 9.7 k
Transaction Summary
===================================================================================================================================================
Install 1 Package
Total size: 9.7 k
Installed size: 9.7 k
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
Preparing : 1/1
Installing : pgdg-fedora-repo-42.0-5.noarch 1/1
Verifying : pgdg-fedora-repo-42.0-5.noarch 1/1
Installed:
pgdg-fedora-repo-42.0-5.noarch
Complete!
步骤3：在Fedora 31/30/29上安装PostgreSQL 12
将PostgreSQL Repository添加到Fedora系统后，安装PostgreSQL 12 Server / Client软件包：
sudo dnf install postgresql12-server postgresql12
同意安装。
Last metadata expiration check: 0:01:17 ago on Sat 12 Oct 2019 07:00:29 AM UTC.
Dependencies resolved.
===================================================================================================================================================
Package Architecture Version Repository Size
===================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
postgresql12-server x86_64 12.0-1PGDG.f30 pgdg12 5.1 M
Installing dependencies:
postgresql12 x86_64 12.0-1PGDG.f30 pgdg12 1.5 M
postgresql12-libs x86_64 12.0-1PGDG.f30 pgdg12 393 k
Transaction Summary
===================================================================================================================================================
Install 3 Packages
Total download size: 7.0 M
Installed size: 32 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
步骤4：初始化数据库并启用自动启动
现在已经安装了数据库软件包，通过运行以下命令来初始化数据库
$ sudo / usr / pgsql-12 / bin / postgresql-12-setup initdb
初始化数据库...确定
然后启动并启用服务以在启动时启动
sudo systemctl enable --now postgresql-12
确认服务状态。
$ systemctl status postgresql-12
● postgresql-12.service - PostgreSQL 12 database server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/postgresql-12.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Sat 2019-10-12 07:08:57 UTC; 12s ago
Docs: https://www.postgresql.org/docs/12/static/
Process: 1506 ExecStartPre=/usr/pgsql-12/bin/postgresql-12-check-db-dir ${PGDATA} (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 1511 (postmaster)
Tasks: 8 (limit: 2354)
Memory: 15.9M
CGroup: /system.slice/postgresql-12.service
├─1511 /usr/pgsql-12/bin/postmaster -D /var/lib/pgsql/12/data/
├─1512 postgres: logger
├─1514 postgres: checkpointer
├─1515 postgres: background writer
├─1516 postgres: walwriter
├─1517 postgres: autovacuum launcher
├─1518 postgres: stats collector
└─1519 postgres: logical replication launcher
Oct 12 07:08:57 fed30.novalocal systemd[1]: Starting PostgreSQL 12 database server...
Oct 12 07:08:57 fed30.novalocal postmaster[1511]: 2019-10-12 07:08:57.760 UTC [1511] LOG: starting PostgreSQL 12.0 on x86_64-pc-linux-gnu, compil>
Oct 12 07:08:57 fed30.novalocal postmaster[1511]: 2019-10-12 07:08:57.762 UTC [1511] LOG: listening on IPv6 address "::1", port 5432
Oct 12 07:08:57 fed30.novalocal postmaster[1511]: 2019-10-12 07:08:57.762 UTC [1511] LOG: listening on IPv4 address "127.0.0.1", port 5432
Oct 12 07:08:57 fed30.novalocal postmaster[1511]: 2019-10-12 07:08:57.767 UTC [1511] LOG: listening on Unix socket "/var/run/postgresql/.s.PGSQL.>
Oct 12 07:08:57 fed30.novalocal postmaster[1511]: 2019-10-12 07:08:57.774 UTC [1511] LOG: listening on Unix socket "/tmp/.s.PGSQL.5432"
Oct 12 07:08:57 fed30.novalocal postmaster[1511]: 2019-10-12 07:08:57.782 UTC [1511] LOG: redirecting log output to logging collector process
Oct 12 07:08:57 fed30.novalocal postmaster[1511]: 2019-10-12 07:08:57.782 UTC [1511] HINT: Future log output will appear in directory "log".
Oct 12 07:08:57 fed30.novalocal systemd[1]: Started PostgreSQL 12 database server.
如果您有正在运行的防火墙服务，并且远程客户端应连接到数据库服务器，则允许PostgreSQL服务。
sudo firewall-cmd --add-service=postgresql --permanent
sudo firewall-cmd --reload
步骤5：启用对PostgreSQL的远程访问（可选）
如果您有“应用程序”通过网络连接到数据库服务器，请编辑该文件/var/lib/pgsql/12/data/postgresql.conf ，并将“侦听地址”设置为服务器IP地址，或将所有接口设置为“ * ”。
$ sudo vim /var/lib/pgsql/12/data/postgresql.conf
listen_addresses = '*'
还要将PostgreSQL设置为接受来自允许的主机的远程连接。
$ sudo vim /var/lib/pgsql/11/data/pg_hba.conf
# Accept from anywhere
host all all 0.0.0.0/0 md5
# Accept from trusted subnet
host all all 10.10.10.0/24 md5
进行更改后，重新启动PostgreSQL 12服务。
sudo systemctl重新启动postgresql-12
步骤6：设定PostgreSQL管理员使用者的密码
设置PostgreSQL管理员用户密码。
$ sudo su - postgres
$ psql -c "alter user postgres with password 'StrongPassword'"
其中StrongPassword是postgres用户的新密码。
步骤7：安装pgAdmin 4 Web管理
如果您需要一种简单的方法来管理PostgreSQL数据库服务器（类似于MySQL的phpMyAdmin），请考虑安装pgAdmin4。
原文地址：https://computingforgeeks.com/how-to-install-postgresql-12-on-fedora/