Python基本操作

1.文件读取与写入

  • with open(somefile) as f,是比较推荐的读取文件时的字段,可自动关闭文件,避免因为程序崩溃未及时写入;
  • 内置函数readlines,读取后,文件内容以列表的格式返回;
with open('D:/tmp/info.txt') as f:
    p1 = f.readlines()
    print(p1)
with open('D:/tmp/info1.txt',w) as f:
   f.writelines(p1)
  • read,读取后,文件内容以一个字符串的形式返回:
with open('D:/tmp/info.txt') as f:
    p2 = f.read()
    print(p2)
with open('D:/tmp/info2.txt',w) as f:
   f.writelines(p2)
  • pandas中的read_table函数和read_csv函数,pandas包对R用户比较友好,读取后为数据框,就相当于R中的read.table,read.csv函数;
import pandas as pd
with open('D:/tmp/info.txt') as f:
        p3 = pd.read_table(f)
        print(p3)
p3.to_csv('D:/tmp/info3.txt')

2.字符串操作

import re

a = ['Joey','Pheebe','Monica','Chandeler','Rachel','Ross']

####split和join的使用

b = ','.join(a)

'Hi '+a[0]
Out[78]: 'Hi Joey'

print(a)
['Joey', 'Pheebe', 'Monica', 'Chandeler', 'Rachel', 'Ross']

print(b)
Joey,Pheebe,Monica,Chandeler,Rachel,Ross

b.split(',')
Out[81]: ['Joey', 'Pheebe', 'Monica', 'Chandeler', 'Rachel', 'Ross']

#####判断字符串的有无,[]是模板的作用(?)

[re.search('Ph',x) for x in a]
Out[83]: [None, , None, None, None, None]

['Ph' in x for x in a]
Out[84]: [False, True, False, False, False, False]

#####字符串替换

seq =  'ACGTACCTA'
###table即所制定的变换的规则
table = str.maketrans('AT','TA')

seq.translate(table)
Out[88]: 'TCGATCCAT'

seq.replace('AC', 'TG')
Out[89]: 'TGGTTGCTA'

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