STM32单片机 超入门项目：流水灯（不同闪烁模式和速度）
文章目录
- 前言
- 一、电路原理图
- 二、硬件准备
- 三、单片机配置
- 四、代码编写
前言
流水灯通过交替闪烁实现灯光流动的效果，本篇将分析如何采用STM32单片机实现流水灯。
一、电路原理图
二、硬件准备
STM32单片机（STM32F103RCT6）、发光二极管4（我用的是七彩快闪，用红绿蓝LDE自行搭配也可）、1k电阻4、面包板飞线等自备。
三、单片机配置
打开STM32CubeMX，选择型号STM32F103RCT6，配置调试器Pinout&Configuration->SYS->No Debug换为Serial Wire，如果不替换第一次烧录后会屏蔽烧录功能。
设置时钟源Pinout&Configuration->RCC->HSE Disable换为Crystal/Ceramic Resonator。
配置时钟树，Clock Configuration->HCLK设置为72MHz，回车，点击OK令CubeMX自动调整配置。
配置引脚，见下图，点击引脚即可配置，我们只需配置PA1 ~ PA4，PC12，PC13引脚，其余是上述步骤自动配置的。注意，我的最小系统板PC12，PC13接的是按键，可根据自己的系统板原理图自行调整引脚，并修改代码。PA1 ~ PA4均为推挽输出（默认）不用更改，推挽输出和开漏输出的区别参考这篇博客。
使能中断Pinout&Configuration->NVIC->EXTI那一行勾上。
最后使用Keil IDE的话Project Manager->Toolchain IDE改为MDK_ARM，其他IDE自行更改，Project Manager->Project Name输入工程名，点击右上角生成代码。
我的stm32最小系统板原理图如下，注意按键对应的引脚
四、代码编写
/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/**
******************************************************************************
* @file : main.c
* @brief : Main program body
******************************************************************************
* @attention
*
* Copyright (c) 2023 STMicroelectronics.
* All rights reserved.
*
* This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
* in the root directory of this software component.
* If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
*
******************************************************************************
*/
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
/* USER CODE END Includes */
/* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD */
/* USER CODE END PTD */
/* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD */
/* USER CODE END PD */
/* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM */
/* USER CODE END PM */
/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PV */
/* USER CODE END PV */
/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
static void MX_GPIO_Init(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */
/* USER CODE END PFP */
/* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */
uint8_t mode=0,speed=0,flag=0;
uint16_t delay_time=0;
void light(uint16_t,uint16_t,uint16_t,uint16_t);
/* USER CODE END 0 */
/**
* @brief The application entry point.
* @retval int
*/
int main(void)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */
/* USER CODE END 1 */
/* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
HAL_Init();
/* USER CODE BEGIN Init */
/* USER CODE END Init */
/* Configure the system clock */
SystemClock_Config();
/* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */
/* USER CODE END SysInit */
/* Initialize all configured peripherals */
MX_GPIO_Init();
/* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */
/* USER CODE END 2 */
/* Infinite loop */
/* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
while (1)
{
/* USER CODE END WHILE */
/* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
//设置延时时间
switch(speed)
{
case 0:delay_time=100;break;
case 1:delay_time=1000;break;
case 2:delay_time=2000;break;
}
switch(mode)
{
case 0://四个灯依次点亮
{
light(GPIO_PIN_RESET,GPIO_PIN_SET,GPIO_PIN_SET,GPIO_PIN_SET);
if(flag==1) {flag=0;break;}HAL_Delay(delay_time);
light(GPIO_PIN_SET,GPIO_PIN_RESET,GPIO_PIN_SET,GPIO_PIN_SET);
if(flag==1) {flag=0;break;}HAL_Delay(delay_time);
light(GPIO_PIN_SET,GPIO_PIN_SET,GPIO_PIN_RESET,GPIO_PIN_SET);
if(flag==1) {flag=0;break;}HAL_Delay(delay_time);
light(GPIO_PIN_SET,GPIO_PIN_SET,GPIO_PIN_SET,GPIO_PIN_RESET);
if(flag==1) {flag=0;break;}HAL_Delay(delay_time);
break;
}
case 1://四个灯两两点亮
{
light(GPIO_PIN_RESET,GPIO_PIN_RESET,GPIO_PIN_SET,GPIO_PIN_SET);
if(flag==1) {flag=0;break;}HAL_Delay(delay_time);
light(GPIO_PIN_SET,GPIO_PIN_SET,GPIO_PIN_RESET,GPIO_PIN_RESET);
if(flag==1) {flag=0;break;}HAL_Delay(delay_time);
break;
}
case 2://四个灯同时亮灭
{
light(GPIO_PIN_RESET,GPIO_PIN_RESET,GPIO_PIN_RESET,GPIO_PIN_RESET);
if(flag==1) {flag=0;break;}HAL_Delay(delay_time);
light(GPIO_PIN_SET,GPIO_PIN_SET,GPIO_PIN_SET,GPIO_PIN_SET);
if(flag==1) {flag=0;break;}HAL_Delay(delay_time);
break;
}
}
}
/* USER CODE END 3 */
}
/**
* @brief System Clock Configuration
* @retval None
*/
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};
/** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters
* in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.
*/
RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE;
RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON;
RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEPredivValue = RCC_HSE_PREDIV_DIV1;
RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLMUL = RCC_PLL_MUL9;
if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
/** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks
*/
RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;
if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_2) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
}
/**
* @brief GPIO Initialization Function
* @param None
* @retval None
*/
static void MX_GPIO_Init(void)
{
GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct = {0};
/* GPIO Ports Clock Enable */
__HAL_RCC_GPIOC_CLK_ENABLE();
__HAL_RCC_GPIOD_CLK_ENABLE();
__HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_ENABLE();
/*Configure GPIO pin Output Level */
HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOA, GPIO_PIN_1|GPIO_PIN_2|GPIO_PIN_3|GPIO_PIN_4, GPIO_PIN_RESET);
/*Configure GPIO pins : PC13 PC12 */
GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_13|GPIO_PIN_12;
GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_IT_RISING;
GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;
HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOC, &GPIO_InitStruct);
/*Configure GPIO pins : PA1 PA2 PA3 PA4 */
GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_1|GPIO_PIN_2|GPIO_PIN_3|GPIO_PIN_4;
GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT_PP;
GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;
GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_LOW;
HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct);
/* EXTI interrupt init*/
HAL_NVIC_SetPriority(EXTI15_10_IRQn, 0, 0);
HAL_NVIC_EnableIRQ(EXTI15_10_IRQn);
}
/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */
//按键，外部中断
void HAL_GPIO_EXTI_Callback(uint16_t GPIO_Pin)
{
if(GPIO_Pin==GPIO_PIN_13)
{
mode=(mode+1)%3;
flag=1;
}
else if(GPIO_Pin==GPIO_PIN_12)
{
speed=(speed+1)%3;
flag=1;
}
}
//点灯
void light(uint16_t s1,uint16_t s2,uint16_t s3,uint16_t s4)
{
HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOA,GPIO_PIN_1,s1);
HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOA,GPIO_PIN_2,s2);
HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOA,GPIO_PIN_3,s3);
HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOA,GPIO_PIN_4,s4);
}
/* USER CODE END 4 */
/**
* @brief This function is executed in case of error occurrence.
* @retval None
*/
void Error_Handler(void)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */
/* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */
__disable_irq();
while (1)
{
}
/* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}
#ifdef USE_FULL_ASSERT
/**
* @brief Reports the name of the source file and the source line number
* where the assert_param error has occurred.
* @param file: pointer to the source file name
* @param line: assert_param error line source number
* @retval None
*/
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */
/* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,
ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) */
/* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */
user code 0、while(1)、user code4为编写代码部分，代码整体思路：
通过外部中断，在按键按下时单片机将执行相应中断回调函数（改变流水灯模式mode和速度speed），这里模式和速度我各设置了三种，所以回调函数中mode=(mode+1)%3不难理解哈~另外点灯这一步我是在while(1)里面实现的，回调函数中不易写太多代码。外部中断参考这篇博客。
由于按下按键要等这一轮流水灯结束才能生效，我在代码中加入了if(flag==1) {flag=0;break;}来提前结束这一轮while循环，就可以即时生效了。
另外注意的一点是我的系统板按键并联了电容防抖，如果没有则需代码解决，参考这篇博客。