【天声人语】达芬奇逝世500周年 20190516

2019年05月16日朝刊

ダビンチ没後500年

Leonardo da Vinci's many shortcomings made him human


[中文译文]

“如何从三角形里面切除一个正方形”,“每周六去泡一次澡”,“画出来啄木鸟舌头的形状”。莱昂纳多・ 达芬奇每天的待办事项表里,列满了类似这样的条目。

今年春天出版的美国作家沃尔特・伊萨克森的《达芬奇传》里说,他亲手书写的手稿,现存有大概7000多份。而达芬奇几乎没有受过正规的学校教育。他没事就跑到洞窟里面去寻找化石什么的,从小开始就好奇心特别旺盛。在笔记里,他写道“经验比教育重要”。

在阅读达芬奇评传时,我感觉到,他的研究里面,研究了一半就扔下半途而废的作品很多。热心调查一下鸟的羽毛,想研究怎么让人也能飞上天的人工翅膀。直升机和战车的原型构想他也思考过,但是没有一个最后实现的。在都市的里面修建运河的事业也让他一段时间充满干劲,但是计划也是胎死腹中。

“教我吧,教我吧。如果你问我完成了什么事,我至今一事无成“,他在笔记中这样写道。他的绘画也是半途而废的作品较多,现存完成的作品,只有《蒙娜丽莎》《最后的晚餐》等不到20幅。

虽然后世对他的评价各一,但是对于他研究到一半就丢下去做别的,轻易放弃这一点倒是差不多一致。但是这个你说他懒惰,不如说是达芬奇特有的完美主义倾向。

即便是这样,这位历史上的天才原本是给人很难接近的感觉,但是当我们开始了解他身上种种短处之后,反而有种凡人接地气的亲近感。本月,我们纪念达芬奇逝世500周年。


[日文原文]

「三角形から正方形を切り出す」「毎週土曜は風呂に行く」「キツツキの舌を描写する」。レオナルド・ダビンチは、そんな「やることリスト」を毎日のように書いた。

今春刊行された米作家アイザックソンのダビンチ伝(文芸春秋)によれば、それら手書きの遺稿は7千枚も現存する。ダビンチは学校教育をほとんど受けていない。洞窟で化石探しに熱中するなど、幼い頃から好奇心は旺盛。「教育よりも経験の方が大切だ」と書いている。

評伝を読んで意外に感じたのは、途中で投げ出してしまった研究の多いこと。鳥の羽を調べ、人間を飛翔(ひしょう)させる人工翼の設計に熱中した。ヘリコプターや戦車の原型となる構想も温めたが、一つとして実現していない。大都市に運河を走らせる事業にも意欲を燃やしたが、計画倒れに終わった。

「教えてくれ、教えてくれ。私に一つでもなし得たことがあるなら…….。完成したものがあるなら」。悲痛な嘆きを書き残した。絵画にも未完成作が多く、現存する作品は「モナ・リサ」「最後の晩餐」など20点に満たない。

後世の人物像には幅があるものの、どうやら飽きっぽく、物事を投げ出す傾向があったのは確からしい。怠け癖というより、ダビンチならではの、ずぬけた完璧主義のなせる技かもしれない。

ともあれ、およそ近寄りがたい天才だと思い込んでいたが、諸々欠点もあったとわかると、凡人はにわかに親近感を覚える。今月は没後500周年という節目の月である。


[英文译文]

"Square a triangle.""Take a bath every Saturday.""Describe the tongue of the woodpecker."

Theses are some of the quirky entries Leonardo da Vinci(1452-1519) added to his to-do lists practically every day, according to "Leonardo da Vinci," a biography published in 2017 by American writer and journalist Walter Isaacson. (A Japanese translation was published from Bungeishunju Ltd. this past spring.)

A whopping 7,000  or so handwritten pages of these eclectic lists have been preserved to this day.

Leonardo received no formal education to speak of. But with his passionate curiosity, which was already evident from a young age, he was once totally engrossed in exploring a cave in search of fossils.

He believed experience was more important thatn education.

Reading Issacson's biography, I was surprised to learn that there were numerous research projects Leonardo started but never completed.

At one time, for instance, he was fascinated with the workings of birds' wings, and tried to design artificial wings that would enable humans to fly. He also came up with conceptual prototypes of helicopters and tanks, but none of these ever materiaslized.

And there was a canal-builing project for a major city he was really into, but this, too, did not come to fruition.

"Tell me if anything was ever done...Tell me...Tell me," he wrote in his moment of abject defeat。

Many of his paintings were unfinished, too. Less than 20 completed works remain to this day, including the "Mona Lisa" and "The Last Supper."

Although Lenardo was portrayed in different ways after his death, it appears that he ended to be fickle and was not inclined to see every undertaking through.

This probably had less to do with laziness than his extreme perfectionism. But after years of thinking of him as a colossal genius unapporachable to us ordinary mortals, finding out about his various human falilings suddenly made him feel a lot closer.

May 2 marked the 500th anniversary of his death.

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