1、本文继续讲解Lua调用C/C++函数,本文的重点是通过metatable来实现Lua Code面向对象调用注册的C函数。本文中涉及的Environment 伪索引,userdata 以及GC 垃圾回收器的内容,都是简单的讲解。不作为本文的重点,这些内容都将在以后的章节中继续讲解。
2、本文涉及的到主要知识点补充说明。
2.1 void *lua_newuserdata (lua_State *L, size_t size); 函数说明
This function allocates a new block of memory with the given size, pushes onto the stack a new full userdata with the block address, and returns this address.
Userdata represent C values in Lua.
A full userdata represents a block of memory.
It is an object (like a table): you must create it, it can have its own metatable, and you can detect when it is being collected.
A full userdata is only equal to itself (under raw equality).
When Lua collects a full userdata with a gc metamethod, Lua calls the metamethod and marks the userdata as finalized. When this userdata is collected again then Lua frees its corresponding memory.
lua_newuserdata()函数分配指定大小的新内存,然后把full userdata的内存地址压入虚拟栈,同时,lua_newuserdata()函数返回内存的地址。
在Lua C API中userdata用于拓展Lua的数据结构,可以在Lua中表示的自定义数据。
full userdata表示一块内存。userdata是一个对象(类型于Table):当刚创建userdata时,userdata可以拥有自己的metatable,还可以确定userdata何时被GC垃圾收集器当做垃圾收集。
full userdata仅仅和自己相等。
当GC垃圾收集器通过__gc元方法回收userdata内存时,Lua 调用__gc元方法并且标记userdata被终止。当GC再一次收集userdata时,Lua将释放userdata.
2.2 LUALIB_API int luaL_newmetatable (lua_State *L, const char *tname) 源代码分析
LUALIB_API int luaL_newmetatable (lua_State *L, const char *tname)
{ //在LUA_REGISTRYINDEX伪索引上面获取tname的Table数据类型
lua_getfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, tname); /* get registry.name */
//如果LUA_REGISTRYINDEX伪索引上面已经存在值,则返回0
if (!lua_isnil(L, -1)) /* name already in use? */
return 0; /* leave previous value on top, but return 0 */
lua_pop(L, 1);
//否则创建新Table
lua_newtable(L); /* create metatable */
lua_pushvalue(L, -1);
//在注册表中设置 tname=Table
lua_setfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, tname); /* registry.name = metatable */
return 1;
}
2.3 #define luaL_getmetatable(L,n) (lua_getfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, (n))) 在注册表中获取指定name的值
2.4 LUALIB_API void *luaL_checkudata (lua_State *L, int ud, const char *tname) 判断userdata的类型
LUALIB_API void *luaL_checkudata (lua_State *L, int ud, const char *tname)
{
//转换成Void* 类型指针
void *p = lua_touserdata(L, ud);
if (p != NULL) { /* value is a userdata? */
//获取metatable
if (lua_getmetatable(L, ud)) { /* does it have a metatable? */
//在注册表中获取指定名称的metatable
lua_getfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, tname); /* get correct metatable */
//判断两个metatable是否相等,如果相等就返回内存地址
if (lua_rawequal(L, -1, -2)) { /* does it have the correct mt? */
lua_pop(L, 2); /* remove both metatables */
return p;
}
}
}
luaL_typerror(L, ud, tname); /* else error */
return NULL; /* to avoid warnings */
}
3. 本文主要代码
extern "C"
{
#include
#include
#include
}
#include
#define CnExampleStr "example"
//在C语言中的结构体,绑定到Lua语言中
typedef struct
{
int Val;
int Open;
} ExampleType, * ExamplePtrType;
static ExamplePtrType LclExamplePtrGet(lua_State *L,int StkPos)
{
ExamplePtrType ExamplePtr = (ExamplePtrType)luaL_checkudata(L, StkPos, CnExampleStr);
if (! ExamplePtr->Open)
luaL_error(L, "attempt to use a closed " CnExampleStr);
return ExamplePtr;
}
static int LclExampleStr(lua_State *L)
{
ExamplePtrType ExamplePtr = (ExamplePtrType)luaL_checkudata(L, 1, CnExampleStr);
if (ExamplePtr->Open)
lua_pushfstring(L, CnExampleStr " (%d)", ExamplePtr->Val);
else lua_pushfstring(L, CnExampleStr " (%d, closed)", ExamplePtr->Val);
return 1;
}
//获取c结构体数据
static int LclExampleGet(lua_State *L)
{
ExamplePtrType ExamplePtr = LclExamplePtrGet(L, 1);
lua_pushnumber(L, ExamplePtr->Val);
printf("Retrieving value of " CnExampleStr " (%d)\n", ExamplePtr->Val);
return 1;
}
//设置c结构体数据
static int LclExampleSet(lua_State *L)
{
ExamplePtrType ExamplePtr = LclExamplePtrGet(L, 1);
int Val = luaL_checkint(L, 2);
printf("Setting value of " CnExampleStr " from %d to %d\n",
ExamplePtr->Val, Val);
lua_pushnumber(L, ExamplePtr->Val);
ExamplePtr->Val = Val;
return 1;
}
//关闭结构体
static int LclExampleClose(lua_State *L)
{
ExamplePtrType ExamplePtr = LclExamplePtrGet(L, 1);
printf("Closing " CnExampleStr " (%d) explicitly\n", ExamplePtr->Val);
ExamplePtr->Open = 0;
return 0;
}
//设置GC函数
static int LclExampleGc(lua_State *L)
{
ExamplePtrType ExamplePtr = (ExamplePtrType)luaL_checkudata(L, 1, CnExampleStr);
if (ExamplePtr->Open) {
printf("Collecting and closing " CnExampleStr " (%d)\n",
ExamplePtr->Val);
ExamplePtr->Open = 0;
}
else printf("Collecting " CnExampleStr " (%d), already closed\n",
ExamplePtr->Val);
return 0;
}
//通过Lua Code构造C语言结构体
static int LclExampleOpen(lua_State *L)
{
//接受LuaCode传递参数
int Val = luaL_checkint(L, 1);
//申请由lua GC管理下的内存
ExamplePtrType ExamplePtr =(ExamplePtrType)lua_newuserdata(L, sizeof(ExampleType));
printf("Opening " CnExampleStr " (%d)\n", Val);
//设置数据
ExamplePtr->Val = Val;
ExamplePtr->Open = 1;
在注册表中查询注册的C函数
luaL_getmetatable(L, CnExampleStr);
//设置userdata的CnExampleStr的metatable
lua_setmetatable(L, -2);
return 1;
}
//通过面向对象调用注册的C函数
int luaopen_ud_example(lua_State *L)
{
//metatable的元方法
static const luaL_reg MetaMap[] =
{
{"close", LclExampleOpen},
{"get", LclExampleGet},
{"set", LclExampleSet},
{"__tostring", LclExampleStr},
{"__gc", LclExampleGc},
{NULL, NULL}
};
//注册模块的方法
static const luaL_reg Map[] =
{
{"open", LclExampleOpen},
{NULL, NULL}
};
// 创建一个命名的metatable在注册表.用来作为识别用户自定义数据的唯一ID和定义数据类型的行为①
luaL_newmetatable(L, CnExampleStr);
// 复制并压入metatable到虚拟栈上面②
lua_pushvalue(L, -1);
// 设置metatable的__index 方法为metatable③
lua_setfield(L, -2, "__index");
// 把所有的metatable注册到栈顶的metatable中④
luaL_register(L, NULL, MetaMap);
luaL_register(L, "ud_example", Map);
return 1;
}
//通过模块名称,方法名称来调用注册的C函数
void luaopen_register(lua_State *L)
{
static const luaL_reg regMethod[] =
{
{"open", LclExampleOpen},
{"close", LclExampleClose},
{"get", LclExampleGet},
{"set", LclExampleSet},
{"tostring", LclExampleStr},
{NULL, NULL}
};
//创建一个metatable用于标识userdata唯一性
luaL_newmetatable(L, CnExampleStr);
luaL_register(L,"ud_example0",regMethod);
}
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
lua_State* L = lua_open();
luaL_openlibs(L);
//注册c函数模块
luaopen_ud_example(L);
//注册c struct新的数据类型
luaopen_register(L);
luaL_dofile(L, "sample_6.lua");
lua_close(L);
return 1;
}
print("sample_6.lua")
local ud1 =ud_example0.open(1)
print(ud1)
print(ud_example0.tostring(ud1))
local a =ud_example0.get(ud1)
print("a:"..a)
local b =ud_example0.set(ud1,2)
print("b="..b)
print("==================")
--以下通过面向对象形式调用注册的C函数
local HndA = ud_example.open(1)
local HndB = ud_example.open(2)
do -- local block
local HndC = ud_example.open(3)
io.write(tostring(HndA), ", ", tostring(HndB), ", ", tostring(HndC), "\n")
HndA:set(4)
HndA:set(1)
HndA:close()
io.write("End of local block\n")
end
collectgarbage("collect")
io.write("End of script\n")
①
metatable
②
metatable
metatable
③
metatable.__index =metatable
④
metatable={__index=metatable,close=LclExampleOpen,get=LclExampleGet,set=LclExampleSet,__tostring=LclExampleStr,__gc=LclExampleGc}
调用LclExampleOpen方法时,设置对象的元方法为在注册表已经注册的CnExampleStr元方法。
这样就可以利用元方法来实现面向对象调用了。利用面向对象调用注册的C函数时通过metatable元函数和__index重新定义userdata的行为来实现。
在本系列中会不断涉及到对虚拟栈的操作,下一章我们将对虚拟栈的操作做一个小结。