debian系统图像界面和命令行界面互相切换

debian 10.6系统亲测有效

将图像界面切换为命令行界面

查看系统当前的值 systemctl get-default

1. 修改配置文件/etc/default/grub

2. 修改内容为：将如下配置文件

   # If you change this file, run 'update-grub' afterwards to update
   # /boot/grub/grub.cfg.
   # For full documentation of the options in this file, see:
   #   info -f grub -n 'Simple configuration'
   
   GRUB_DEFAULT=0
   GRUB_TIMEOUT=5
   GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=`lsb_release -i -s 2> /dev/null || echo Debian`
   GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet"
   GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=""
   
   # Uncomment to enable BadRAM filtering, modify to suit your needs
   # This works with Linux (no patch required) and with any kernel that obtains
   # the memory map information from GRUB (GNU Mach, kernel of FreeBSD ...)
   #GRUB_BADRAM="0x01234567,0xfefefefe,0x89abcdef,0xefefefef"
   
   # Uncomment to disable graphical terminal (grub-pc only)
   #GRUB_TERMINAL=console
   
   # The resolution used on graphical terminal
   # note that you can use only modes which your graphic card supports via VBE
   # you can see them in real GRUB with the command `vbeinfo'
   #GRUB_GFXMODE=640x480
   
   # Uncomment if you don't want GRUB to pass "root=UUID=xxx" parameter to Linux
   #GRUB_DISABLE_LINUX_UUID=true
   
   # Uncomment to disable generation of recovery mode menu entries
   #GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY="true"
   
   # Uncomment to get a beep at grub start
   #GRUB_INIT_TUNE="480 440 1"
   

   修改为：

   # If you change this file, run 'update-grub' afterwards to update
   # /boot/grub/grub.cfg.
   # For full documentation of the options in this file, see:
   #   info -f grub -n 'Simple configuration'
   
   GRUB_DEFAULT=0
   GRUB_TIMEOUT=5
   GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=`lsb_release -i -s 2> /dev/null || echo Debian`
   #GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet"
   #GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=""
   GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="text"
   
   # Uncomment to enable BadRAM filtering, modify to suit your needs
   # This works with Linux (no patch required) and with any kernel that obtains
   # the memory map information from GRUB (GNU Mach, kernel of FreeBSD ...)
   #GRUB_BADRAM="0x01234567,0xfefefefe,0x89abcdef,0xefefefef"
   
   # Uncomment to disable graphical terminal (grub-pc only)
   #GRUB_TERMINAL=console
   GRUB_TERMINAL=console
   
   # The resolution used on graphical terminal
   # note that you can use only modes which your graphic card supports via VBE
   # you can see them in real GRUB with the command `vbeinfo'
   #GRUB_GFXMODE=640x480
   
   # Uncomment if you don't want GRUB to pass "root=UUID=xxx" parameter to Linux
   #GRUB_DISABLE_LINUX_UUID=true
   
   # Uncomment to disable generation of recovery mode menu entries
   #GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY="true"
   
   # Uncomment to get a beep at grub start
   #GRUB_INIT_TUNE="480 440 1"
   

   注意修改项只有 GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX GRUB_TERMINAL

3. 更新grub配置信息 update-grup

   user@debian:~$ sudo update-grub
   Generating grub configuration file ...
   Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.19.0-11-amd64
   Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.19.0-11-amd64
   done
   user@debian:~$ 
   

4. 设置/etc/systemd/system/default.target的值 systemctl set-default multi-user.target

   user@debian:~$ sudo systemctl set-default multi-user.target
   Removed /etc/systemd/system/default.target.
   Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/default.target → /lib/systemd/system/multi-user.target.
   zhxd@debian:~$ 
   

   该操作即将 /etc/systemd/system/default.target的值重新链接为/lib/systemd/system/multi-user.target，默认是/lib/systemd/system/default.target

5. 重启服务器reboot

将命令界面切换为图像界面

1. 修改/etc/default/grup文件为修改前

2. 更新grup配置文件update-grup

   user@debian:~$ sudo update-grub
   Generating grub configuration file ...
   Found background image: /usr/share/images/desktop-base/desktop-grub.png
   Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.19.0-11-amd64
   Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.19.0-11-amd64
   done
   user@debian:~$ 
   

3. 设置系统默认配置
   /etc/systemd/system/default.target的值 systemctl set-default graphical.target

user@debian:~$ sudo systemctl set-default graphical.target
Removed /etc/systemd/system/default.target.
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/default.target → /lib/systemd/system/graphical.target.
user@debian:~$ 

4. 重启系统reboot