在Linux上设置JDK、MySQL和Tomcat

一、安装JDK

1.1 把下载的文件上传到虚拟机

1.2 创建安装目录

一般程序安装的目录/user/local

mkdir /user/local/Java

1.3 移动安装文件到目录

mv ~/jdk-8u11-linux-x64.tar.gz /user/local/Java/

1.4 解压文件

tar -zxvf jdk-8u11-linux-x64.tar.gz

1.5 配置Java环境变量

• JAVA_HOME：java程序访问的jdk根目录，比如tomcat就要访问这个目录
• path：命令的寻址目录

whereis java #查找java在哪
vim /etc/profile
#输入G到文件末尾,增加2个环境变量
JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/Java/jdk1.8.0_11
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH

#重新加载文件
source /etc/profile

测试：

[vagrant@v1 ~]$ java -version
java version "1.8.0_11"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_11-b12)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.11-b03, mixed mode)

1.6 HelloWorld实验案例

[vagrant@v1 ~]$ cd
[vagrant@v1 ~]$ vim Hello.java

#输入如下内容

public class Hello {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
     System.out.println("hello java");
  }
}

注意： 类名要与文件名称一致

#编译
[vagrant@v1 ~]$ javac Hello.java
[vagrant@v1 ~]$ ll
total 12
-rw-rw-r-- 1 vagrant vagrant 414 Jul 10 16:26 Hello.class
-rw-rw-r-- 1 vagrant vagrant 112 Jul 10 16:26 Hello.java
drwxrwxr-x 4 vagrant vagrant  27 Jul 10 14:16 java_project
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root    users   729 Jul 10 16:25 User.java

#运行
[vagrant@v1 ~]$ java Hello
hello java

二、安装Tomcat

2.1 把下载的文件上传到虚拟机

2.2 创建目录解压

mv ~/apache-tomcat-8.5.56.tar.gz /user/local/Java
tar -zxvf apache-tomcat-8.5.56.tar.gz

2.3 运行

[root@v1 ~] cd /user/local/Java 
[root@v1 Java]  /apache-tomcat-8.5.56/bin/startup.sh #启动
Using CATALINA_BASE:   /user/local/Java/apache-tomcat-8.5.56
Using CATALINA_HOME:   /user/local/Java/apache-tomcat-8.5.56
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /user/local/Java/apache-tomcat-8.5.56/temp
Using JRE_HOME:        /user/local/Java/jdk1.8.0_11
Using CLASSPATH:       /user/local/Java/apache-tomcat-8.5.56/bin/bootstrap.jar:/user/local/Java/apache-tomcat-8.5.56/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Tomcat started.

#jps java的一个工具,跟javac一样，查看java的进程
[root@v1 ~] jps
21184 Jps
21113 Bootstrap

#显示网络状态信息，查看端口占用情况
[root@v1 ~] netstat -tunpl
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      949/sshd
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:25            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1651/master
tcp6       0      0 :::8080                 :::*                    LISTEN      21113/java
tcp6       0      0 :::22                   :::*                    LISTEN      949/sshd
tcp6       0      0 127.0.0.1:8005          :::*                    LISTEN      21113/java
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:68              0.0.0.0:*                           7626/dhclient
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:61822           0.0.0.0:*                           7626/dhclient
udp6       0      0 :::24956                :::*                                7626/dhclient
[root@v1 ~]#

2.4 测试

在宿主机浏览器访问http://192.168.56.81:8080/index.jsp

测试修改/usr/local/Java/apache-tomcat-8.5.56/webapp/ROOT/index.jsp

vim /usr/local/Java/apache-tomcat-8.5.56/webapp/ROOT/index.jsp

使用curl命令

curl http://localhost:8080/index.jsp

三、安装MySQL

3.1 下载Mysql

下载地址 https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/community/，如图9-12所示。

3.2 安装

拷贝mysql-5.7.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz到/root目录下

cd ~
tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

解压完成后重命名

mv mysql-5.7.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql-5.7.28
mv mysql-5.7.28 /user/local/

检查mysql组和用户是否存在，如果没有则创建

cat /etc/group|grep mysql
groupadd mysql
useradd -r -g mysql mysql　　#useradd -r参数表示mysql用户是系统用户，不可用于登录系统

安装数据库

创建data目录
cd /user/local/mysql-5.7.28
mkdir data

将/user/local/mysql-5.7.28的所有者及所属组改为mysql

chown -R mysql.mysql /user/local/mysql-5.7.28

在/usr/local/mysql-5.7.28/support-files目录下创建my_default.cnf

cd /user/local/mysql-5.7.28/support-files
vim my_default.cnf

具体配置内容如下：

[mysqld]

#设置mysql的安装目录
basedir =/user/local/mysql-5.7.28
#设置mysql数据库的数据存放目录
datadir = /user/local/mysql-5.7.28/data
#设置端口
port = 3306

socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
#设置字符集
character-set-server=utf8
#日志存放目录
log-error = /user/local/mysql-5.7.28/data/mysqld.log
pid-file = /user/local/mysql-5.7.28/data/mysqld.pid
#允许时间类型的数据为零(去掉NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE)
sql_mode=ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION
#ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION

拷贝配置文件，是否覆盖，是

cp my_default.cnf /etc/my.cnf

初始化Mysql

cd /user/local/mysql-5.7.28/

./bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/user/local/mysql-5.7.28/ --datadir=/user/local/mysql-5.7.28/data/

如果报错：./bin/mysqld: error while loading shared libraries: libaio.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or 就安装libaio，如果没有则跳过

yum install libaio

初始化完成之后查看日志

cat /user/local/mysql-5.7.28/data/mysqld.log

红框里的是临时密码，如图9-13所示。

把启动脚本放到开机初始化目录

cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql

启动mysql

service mysql start

进入mysql并更改密码

cd /user/local/mysql-5.7.28


[root@v1 mysql-5.7.28]# ./bin/mysql -u root -p
Enter password:  #输入上面生成的密码
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 5.7.28

Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> set password=password('123456');
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to root@'%' identified by '123456';
mysql> flush privileges;

添加远程访问权限

mysql> use mysql;
mysql> update user set host='%' where user = 'root';
mysql> flush privileges;

如果更改时报错：ERROR 1062 (23000): Duplicate entry ‘%-root’ for key ‘PRIMARY’，就先查询一下是否已更改，最后执行刷新。

重启mysql生效

service mysql restart

3.3 常用命令

● 启动service mysql start
● 关闭service mysql stop
● 重启service mysql restart