BootStrap-前端框架

资料:https://v3.bootcss.com/components/

BootStrap的概念(Web框架)

Bootstrap,来自 Twitter,是目前很受欢迎的前端框架。Bootstrap 是基于 HTMLCSSJavaScript 的,它简洁灵活,使得 Web 开发更加快捷。 它由Twitter的设计师Mark Otto和Jacob Thornton合作开发,是一个CSS/HTML框架。Bootstrap提供了优雅的HTML和CSS规范,它即是由动态CSS语言Less写成。Bootstrap一经推出后颇受欢迎,一直是GitHub上的热门开源项目,包括NASA的MSNBC(微软全国广播公司)的Breaking News都使用了该项目。 国内一些移动开发者较为熟悉的框架,如WeX5前端开源框架等,也是基于Bootstrap源码进行性能优化而来。

  • 特点
    • Bootstrap是基于HTML5和CSS3开发的,它在jQuery的基础上进行了更为个性化的完善,形成一套自己独有的网站风格,并兼容大部分jQuery插件。
    • 集合了html/css/jquery为一家
  • 作用:创建响应式的页面
  • 响应式:响应式页面设计:一套页面可以适配不同的设备.(PC,PAD,手机).
  • 下载BootStrap:
    • 网站: http://www.bootcss.com/
    • 进入Bootstrap中文文档
    • 下载Bootstrap
    • 用于生产环境的 Bootstrap
    • 解压使用即可(3.0优先使用移动端)

项目导入BootStrap

  • 在webcontent目录下新建bootstrap目录,将解压后的三个文件夹复制进去;
  • 在js文件夹中导入jquery-1.11.3.min.js(资料类库\jquery);
    • 报错的话: 右键项目–properties–javascript–include path–source–webcontent–excluded–选中edit–在exclusion中–add–browser–选中报错的js文件–添加–ok–ok;
  • jsp页面导入方式:
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">   
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1">    

<link rel="stylesheet" href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/bootstrap3/css/bootstrap.min.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/bootstrap3/css/bootstrap-theme.min.css">
<script src="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/bootstrap3/js/jquery-1.11.3.min.js">script>  
<script src="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/bootstrap3/js/bootstrap.min.js">script>
  • HTML页面导入方式:

 
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-BVYiiSIFeK1dGmJRAkycuHAHRg32OmUcww7on3RYdg4Va+PmSTsz/K68vbdEjh4u" crossorigin="anonymous">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap-theme.min.css" integrity="sha384-rHyoN1iRsVXV4nD0JutlnGaslCJuC7uwjduW9SVrLvRYooPp2bWYgmgJQIXwl/Sp" crossorigin="anonymous">
<script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="sha384-Tc5IQib027qvyjSMfHjOMaLkfuWVxZxUPnCJA7l2mCWNIpG9mGCD8wGNIcPD7Txa" crossorigin="anonymous">script>
  • 案例
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title heretitle>

<link rel="stylesheet" href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/bootstrap3/css/bootstrap.min.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/bootstrap3/css/bootstrap-theme.min.css">
<script src="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/bootstrap3/js/jquery-1.11.3.min.js">script>
<script src="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/bootstrap3/js/bootstrap.min.js">script>
head>
<body style="padding: 20px">   

<button type="button" class="btn btn-danger">Bootstrap大爷,你好!button>
body>
html>

BootStrap-前端框架_第1张图片

支持移动设备
在head中添加标签:
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, 
             initial-scale=1">   
             maximum-scale=1,      
             user-scalable=no   
将所有的内容放入到布局容器中.

Bootstrap 需要为页面内容和栅格系统包裹一个 .container 容器。我们提供了两个作此用处的类

方式1:
    <div class="container">div>    左右两边有留白(常用)
方式2:
    <div class="container-fluid">div>   留白小近似100%,若普通方式则是100%
  • meta:
    • width:可视区域的宽度,值可为数字或关键词device-width
    • height:同width
    • intial-scale:页面首次被显示是可视区域的缩放级别,取值1.0则页面按实际尺寸显示,无任何缩放
    • maximum-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0;可视区域的缩放级别,
    • maximum-scale用户可将页面放大的程序,1.0将禁止用户放大到实际尺寸之上。
    • user-scalable:是否可对页面进行缩放,no 禁止缩放
DOCTYPE html>
<html>
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">

        <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">

        <title>title>
        
        <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/bootstrap.min.css" />
        
        <script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery-1.11.0.js" >script>
        
        <script type="text/javascript" src="js/bootstrap.min.js" >script>
    head>
    <body>
    
        <div class="container">
        <div style="border: 1px solid red;">123div>
        div>
 
        
        <div class="container-fluid">
        <div style="border: 1px solid red;">123div>
        div>
 
    body>
html>

方法1样式:
在这里插入图片描述

方法2样式:

在这里插入图片描述

注意:
bootstrap将每一行分成12份

(屏幕)媒体查询:自动调节

一行分成12份,满12份,直接换行

自动判断是什么上网设备:用像素判断

  • 栅格系统:
    • (大)屏幕分辨率>1200px, 每行显示6个 使用:col-lg-2
    • (中)992<屏幕分辨率<1200 ,每行显示4个 使用: col-md-3
    • (小)768<屏幕分辨率<992,每行显示2个 使用: col-sm-6
    • (超小)屏幕分辨率<768(手机) , 每行显示1个 使用:col-xs-12
<div style="border: 1px solid red;" class="col-lg-1 col-md-2 col-sm-4 col-xs-6">1div>
注意,想要能自适用必须在<div class="container">      div>
轮播图案例
DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8" />
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
  <title>title>
  
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/bootstrap.min.css" />
  
  <script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery-1.11.0.js">script>
  
  <script type="text/javascript" src="js/bootstrap.min.js">script>
  <script>
   $(function(){ //控制,每隔5s跳转一下
    $('.carousel').carousel({
      interval: 1000
     })
   })
 
  script>
head>
<body>
  <div class="container">
   <div id="carousel-example-generic" class="carousel slide" data-ride="carousel">
    
    
    <ol class="carousel-indicators">
     <li data-target="#carousel-example-generic" data-slide-to="0" class="active">li>
     <li data-target="#carousel-example-generic" data-slide-to="1">li>
     <li data-target="#carousel-example-generic" data-slide-to="2">li>
    ol>
    
    <div class="carousel-inner" role="listbox">
     <div class="item active">
      //激活的,默认第一张图
      <img src="img/1.jpg" alt="" />
      <div class="carousel-caption">
        我是第一张图片
      div>
     div>
     <div class="item">
      <img src="img/2.jpg" alt="..." />
      <div class="carousel-caption">
        i'am second
      div>
     div>
     <div class="item">
      <img src="img/3.jpg" alt="..." />
      <div class="carousel-caption">
        third
      div>
     div>
    div>
    
    <a class="left carousel-control" href="#carousel-example-generic" role="button" data-slide="prev"> <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-left" aria-hidden="true">span> <span class="sr-only">Previousspan> a>
    <a class="right carousel-control" href="#carousel-example-generic" role="button" data-slide="next"> <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-right" aria-hidden="true">span> <span class="sr-only">Nextspan> a>
   div>
  div> 
body>
html>

BootStrap-前端框架_第2张图片

隐藏 hidden-xxxx

位置: Bootstrap3.0–全局css样式–(右)响应式工具–可用的类

标签 超小屏幕手机 (<768px) 小屏幕平板 (≥768px) 中等屏幕桌面 (≥992px) 大屏幕桌面 (≥1200px)
.visible-xs-* 可见 隐藏 隐藏 隐藏
.visible-sm-* 隐藏 可见 隐藏 隐藏
.visible-md-* 隐藏 隐藏 可见 隐藏
.visible-lg-* 隐藏 隐藏 隐藏 可见
.hidden-xs 隐藏 可见 可见 可见
.hidden-sm 可见 隐藏 可见 可见
.hidden-md 可见 可见 隐藏 可见
.hidden-lg 可见 可见 可见 隐藏
将超链接伪装成按钮
  class="btn btn-primary"
浮动到右边
class="pull-right"

案例:网站首页

DOCTYPE html>
<html>
 <head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8" />
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
  <title>title>
  
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css/bootstrap.min.css" /> 
  <script type="text/javascript" src="../js/jquery-1.11.0.js">script>
  <script type="text/javascript" src="../js/bootstrap.min.js">script>
 head>
 <body>
  <div class="container">
   
   <div class="row"> 
     
    <div class="col-md-4 col-sm-6 col-xs-12">
     <img src="../img/logo2.png" /> 
    div> 
    <div class="col-md-4 col-sm-6 col-xs-12"> 
     <img src="../img/header.jpg" /> 
    div> 
    <div class="col-md-4 col-sm-6 col-xs-12"> 
     <ul class="list-inline"> 
       
      <li style="padding-top: 15px;"><a href="#">登录a>li> 
       
      <li><a href="#">注册a>li> 
      <li><a href="#">购物车a>li> 
     ul> 
    div> 
   div> 
    
   <div class="row"> 
    <nav class="navbar navbar-inverse">
      
     <div class="container-fluid"> 
       
      <div class="navbar-header"> 
       <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#bs-example-navbar-collapse-1" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigationspan> <span class="icon-bar">span> <span class="icon-bar">span> <span class="icon-bar">span> button> 
       <a class="navbar-brand" href="#">传智播客a> 
      div> 
       
      <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1"> 
       <ul class="nav navbar-nav"> 
        <li class="active"><a href="#">JAVA学院 <span class="sr-only">(current)span>a>li> 
        <li><a href="#">UI学院a>li> 
        <li><a href="#">C++学院a>li> 
        <li class="dropdown"> <a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">其他学院<span class="caret">span>a> 
         <ul class="dropdown-menu"> 
          <li><a href="#">IOS学院a>li> 
          <li><a href="#">电子商务a>li> 
          <li><a href="#">前端a>li> 
          <li role="separator" class="divider">li> 
          <li><a href="#">Separated linka>li> 
          <li role="separator" class="divider">li> 
          <li><a href="#">幼儿园a>li> 
         ul> li> 
       ul> 
       <form class="navbar-form navbar-left pull-right" role="search"> 
        <div class="form-group"> 
         <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Search" /> 
        div> 
        <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">Submitbutton> 
       form> 
      div>
       
     div>
      
    nav> 
   div> 
    
   <div class="row"> 
    <div id="carousel-example-generic" class="carousel slide" data-ride="carousel"> 
      
      
      
     <ol class="carousel-indicators"> 
      <li data-target="#carousel-example-generic" data-slide-to="0" class="active">li> 
      <li data-target="#carousel-example-generic" data-slide-to="1">li> 
      <li data-target="#carousel-example-generic" data-slide-to="2">li> 
     ol> 
      
     <div class="carousel-inner" role="listbox"> 
      <div class="item active"> 
       <img src="../img/1.jpg" alt="" /> 
       <div class="carousel-caption">
         我是第一张图片 
       div> 
      div> 
      <div class="item"> 
       <img src="../img/2.jpg" alt="..." /> 
       <div class="carousel-caption">
         i'am second 
       div> 
      div> 
      <div class="item"> 
       <img src="../img/3.jpg" alt="..." /> 
       <div class="carousel-caption">
         third 
       div> 
      div> 
     div> 
      
     <a class="left carousel-control" href="#carousel-example-generic" role="button" data-slide="prev"> <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-left" aria-hidden="true">span> <span class="sr-only">Previousspan> a> 
     <a class="right carousel-control" href="#carousel-example-generic" role="button" data-slide="next"> <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-right" aria-hidden="true">span> <span class="sr-only">Nextspan> a> 
    div> 
   div> 
    
   <div class="row"> 
    <div class="row"> 
     <span class="h2">最新商品span> 
      
     <img src="../img/title2.jpg" /> 
    div> 
     
    <div class="col-md-2 hidden-sm hidden-xs" style="height: 400px;"> 
     <img src="../img/big01.jpg" style="height: 100%;" /> 
    div> 
     
    <div class="col-md-10 col-sm-12" style="height: 400px;"> 
      
     <div class="col-md-6 col-sm-12 hidden-xs" style="height: 200px;"> 
      <img src="../img/middle01.jpg" style="height: 200px;" /> 
     div> 
      
     <div class="col-md-2 col-sm-4 col-xs-12" style="height: 200px;"> 
      <img src="../img/small08.jpg" /> 
     div> 
     <div class="col-md-2 col-sm-4 col-xs-12" style="height: 200px;"> 
      <img src="../img/small08.jpg" /> 
     div> 
     <div class="col-md-2 col-sm-4 col-xs-12" style="height: 200px;"> 
      <img src="../img/small08.jpg" /> 
     div> 
     <div class="col-md-2 col-sm-4 col-xs-12" style="height: 200px;"> 
      <img src="../img/small08.jpg" /> 
     div> 
     <div class="col-md-2 col-sm-4 col-xs-12" style="height: 200px;"> 
      <img src="../img/small08.jpg" /> 
     div> 
     <div class="col-md-2 col-sm-4 col-xs-12" style="height: 200px;"> 
      <img src="../img/small08.jpg" /> 
     div> 
     <div class="col-md-2 col-sm-4 col-xs-12" style="height: 200px;"> 
      <img src="../img/small08.jpg" /> 
     div> 
     <div class="col-md-2 col-sm-4 col-xs-12" style="height: 200px;"> 
      <img src="../img/small08.jpg" /> 
     div> 
     <div class="col-md-2 col-sm-4 col-xs-12" style="height: 200px;"> 
      <img src="../img/small08.jpg" /> 
     div> 
    div> 
   div> 
   
   <div class="row">
   div>
  div>
 body>
html>

BootStrap-前端框架_第3张图片

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