Boost库是一个可移植、提供源代码的C++库,作为标准库的后备,是C++标准化进程的开发引擎之一,是为C++语言标准库提供扩展的一些C++程序库的总称。
lambda库通过创建一个匿名的lambda表达式来代替实名的函数对象
HelloWorld.cpp
#include
#include
using namespace boost::lambda;
using namespace std;
int main() {
(cout << _1 << " " << _2)("Hello","World");
}
结果:
[root@localhost 4]# ./a.out
Hello World[root@localhost 4]#
HelloWorld2.cpp
#include
#include
using namespace boost::lambda;
using namespace std;
int main(){
auto func = std::cout << _1 << " " << _2;
func("Hello","World");
}
for_each.cpp
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
int main()
{
using namespace boost::lambda;
using namespace std;
int arr[] = {1,2,3,4,5,6};
for_each(arr,arr+6, cout << _1 << " " );
cout << endl;
vector<int> vec(arr,arr+6);
for_each(vec.begin(),vec.end(), cout << _1 << " " );
cout << endl;
}
结果:
[root@localhost 4]# ./a.out
1 2 3 4 5 6
1 2 3 4 5 6
注:如果需要使用_1
、_2
的成员变量。需要使用绑定bind()
。
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include "boost/lambda/lambda.hpp"
#include "boost/lambda/bind.hpp"
using namespace boost::lambda;
using namespace std;
int main() {
map<int,string> kv;
kv[110] = "匪警";
kv[119] = "火警";
kv[120] = "急救中心";
for_each(kv.begin(),kv.end(), cout << bind(&map<int,string>::value_type::first,_1) << '\t' << bind(&map<int,string>::value_type::second,_1) << '\n');
}
结果:
[root@localhost 4]# ./a.out
110 匪警
119 火警
120 急救中心
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
int main(){
using namespace std;
using namespace boost;
any a1 = 10;
any a2 = 1.1f;
any a3 = string("abc");
any a4 = "abcefg";
cout << any_cast<int>(a1) << endl;
cout << any_cast<float>(a2) << endl;
cout << any_cast<string&>(a3) << endl;
cout << any_cast<const char*>(a4) << endl;
vector<any> vec2 = {"abcd",123,3.14};
cout << any_cast<const char*>(vec2[0]) << endl;
cout << any_cast<int>(vec2[1]) << endl;
cout << any_cast<double>(vec2[2]) << endl;
vector<any> vec;
vec.push_back(10);
vec.push_back(12.4);
vec.push_back(string("string"));
char const* c_str = "const char*";
vec.push_back(c_str);
cout << any_cast<int>(vec[0]) << endl
<< any_cast<double>(vec[1]) << endl
<< any_cast<string&>(vec[2]) << endl
<< any_cast<char const*>(vec[3]) << endl;
// copy(vec.begin(),vec.end(),ostream_iterator(cout,","));
}
结果:
10
1.1
abc
abcefg
abcd
123
3.14
10
12.4
string
const char*
注:
any_cast<>
中的类型不是原来的类型会抛出异常。
any
已经成为C++17
的标准库组件。
#include
#include
int main(){
int i = boost::lexical_cast<int>("100");
float f = boost::lexical_cast<float>("2.01");
char chars[] = "1234";
int n = boost::lexical_cast<int>(chars,strlen(chars));
std::cout << i << " " << f << " " << n << std::endl;
// f = boost::lexical_cast("2.01"); // 类型不匹配抛异常
}
结果:
[root@localhost 4]# ./a.out
100 2.01 1234
注:C++11可以使用stoi()
、stof()
等
#include
#include
#include
int main(){
std::string str1 = boost::lexical_cast<std::string>(100);
std::string str2 = boost::lexical_cast<std::string>(2.01);
std::cout << str1 << " " << str2 << std::endl;
}
结果:
[root@localhost 4]# ./a.out
100 2.0099999999999998
#include
#include
using namespace std;
class Base{
public:
void Func(){
cout << "Base" << endl;
}
virtual ~Base(){}
};
class Derive : public Base{
public:
void Func(){
cout << "Derive" << endl;
}
};
int main(){
Base* b = new Derive;
boost::polymorphic_cast<Derive*>(b)->Func();
}
结果:
[root@localhost 4]# ./a.out
Derive
特点:容器销毁自动释放指针
类型 | 说明 |
---|---|
ptr_vector |
指针向量 |
ptr_set |
指针集合 |
ptr_array |
指针数组 |
ptr_multimap |
指针一对多映射 |
#include
#include
#include
using namespace std;
int main(){
boost::ptr_vector<int> pvec;
for(int i=0;i<10;++i){
pvec.push_back(new int(i));
}
for(auto n:pvec){
cout << n << " ";
}
cout << endl;
boost::ptr_set<int> s;
for(size_t i=0;i<10;i++){
s.insert(new int(i));
}
for(auto n:s){
cout << n << " ";
}
cout << endl;
}
结果:
[root@localhost 4]# ./a.out
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
变量离开(正常/异常)作用域,触发处理代码。
#include
#include
using namespace std;
int main(){
{
int *a = new int(10);
BOOST_SCOPE_EXIT(a){
delete a;
}BOOST_SCOPE_EXIT_END
cout << *a << endl;
}
}
结果:
[root@localhost 4]# ./a.out
10
注:不止用在new/delete
,也用在fopen()/fclose(),dlopen()/dlclose()
等。与析构函数相似的作用。
BOOST_FOREACH
#include
#include
using namespace std;
int main(){
int arr[] = {1,2,3,4,5};
BOOST_FOREACH(int a,arr) cout << a << endl;
}
结果:
[root@localhost 4]# ./a.out
1
2
3
4
5
全局函数:boost::bind(函数名, 参数1,参数2,...)
成员函数:boost::bind(&类名::方法名,类实例指针,参数1,参数2)
#include
#include
#include
using namespace std;
bool comp(int a,int b){
return a<b;
}
int main(){
int arr[] = {1,2,3,4,5};
cout << count_if(arr,arr+5,boost::bind(comp,_1,3)) << endl;
cout << count_if(arr,arr+5,boost::bind(comp,2,_1)) << endl;
}
结果:
[root@localhost 4]# ./a.out
2
3
注:bind
支持最多九个参数。占位符被命名为 _1,_2, _3, _4,
直至 _9
。
#include
class Test:private boost::nocopyable{
// ...
};
C++11
禁用拷贝构造函数的两种方法:
delete
#include
using namespace std;
class Test {
public:
Test(){}
Test(const Test&) = delete;
Test& operator=(const Test&) = delete;
};
int main() {
Test t;
Test t2 = t;
t2 = t;
}
报错:
[root@localhost 4]# g++ Test.cpp
Test.cpp: In function ‘int main()’:
Test.cpp:11:15: error: use of deleted function ‘Test::Test(const Test&)’
Test t2 = t;
^
Test.cpp:6:5: note: declared here
Test(const Test&) = delete;
^~~~
Test.cpp:12:10: error: use of deleted function ‘Test& Test::operator=(const Test&)’
t2 = t;
^
Test.cpp:7:11: note: declared here
Test& operator=(const Test&) = delete;
^~~~~~~~
private
:#include
using namespace std;
class Test {
public:
Test(){}
private:
Test(const Test&) {}
Test& operator=(const Test&) {
return *this;
};
};
int main() {
Test t;
Test t2 = t;
t2 = t;
}
报错:
[root@localhost 4]# g++ Test.cpp
Test.cpp: In function ‘int main()’:
Test.cpp:14:15: error: ‘Test::Test(const Test&)’ is private within this context
Test t2 = t;
^
Test.cpp:7:5: note: declared private here
Test(const Test&) {}
^~~~
Test.cpp:15:10: error: ‘Test& Test::operator=(const Test&)’ is private within this context
t2 = t;
^
Test.cpp:8:11: note: declared private here
Test& operator=(const Test&) {
^~~~~~~~