反射还能这么玩?

其实本来想加个前缀,结果标题是《Android 中反射还能这么用?》,后来想想,也不恰当,就把Android去了,本身反射是Java的东西,你硬生生的加个Android显然是不恰当的。
这几天稍微过了一下Weex的源码,可谓是亲眼目睹了它的源码。无意间发现一个类,叫WXHack,搜索一下代码,发现在Weex里用的地方就一处,好奇心驱使下去看了WXHack的源码,好家伙!看完之后总觉得这个类似曾相识,后来昨天在看OpenAtlas的代码的时候又看到了这个类,相关链接如下

  • Hack.java
  • Interception.java

后来我断定这个类应该是淘宝Atlas里的类,Weex直接抽出来了。为了验证自己的想法,下了个淘宝客户端反编译了下去找这个类,真的找到了。

反射还能这么玩?_第1张图片

想看源码的可以直接点上面的链接去看OpenAtals里的类,也可以看这个保持了淘宝的包结构,但是反编译并完全的项目,也就是包含了一些字节码的,但是这两个类应该是完整的。

  • AtlasForAndroid

那么携程的动态加载框架也算是有Atlas的成分了,自然也就有这两个类了,不出所料的找到了它们。

  • Hack.java
  • Interception.java

其实这个应该也不是淘专的专利,因为后来我在github上搜索了一番,发现了几个类似的类,这几个类在eclipse中竟然出现了。

  • HackedField.java
  • HackedMethod0.java
  • HackedMethod1.java

那么,这两个类到底有什么作用呢,莫慌,容我慢慢道来。

首先,从名字上可以看出这是一个Hack类,它的作用就是辅助反射,但是它们却不是简简单单的辅助反射,而是反射后包装的形式:类,方法,字段 ,也就是HackedClass,HackedConstructor,HackedMethod,HackedField这几个反射的包装形式。并且还有AssertionFailureHandler用于处理反射发生异常时的处理,你可以选择扔出异常或者自己处理掉。

在看他的源码之前,我们先来看看传统的反射是怎么玩的。
写了两三个类用来测试。

Student实体类,内部有一个IBehavior类,代表学生的行为;此外还有静态变量,非静态变量,静态方法,非静态方法,泛型变量,作用就是等下测试不同场景的反射。

public class Student implements Serializable {
    private static String school = "清华大学";
    private String name;
    private int age;
    private HashMap scores = new HashMap();

    private IBehavior behavior = new BehaviorImpl();

    public Student() {
    }

    public Student(String name, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }


    public IBehavior getBehavior() {
        return behavior;
    }

    public void setBehavior(IBehavior behavior) {
        this.behavior = behavior;
    }

    public void addScore(String name, int score) {
        scores.put(name, score);
    }


    public HashMap getScores() {
        return scores;
    }

    public void setScores(HashMap scores) {
        this.scores = scores;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public static String getSchool() {
        return school;
    }

    public static void setSchool(String school) {
        Student.school = school;
    }

    public void say(String word) {
        System.out.println(word);
    }


    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student{" +
                "school=" + school +
                ", age=" + age +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", scores=" + scores +
                ", behavior=" + behavior +
                '}';
    }
}

IBehavior接口以及其实现类的代码如下

public interface IBehavior {
    void perform(String behaiviorName, String behaiviorContent);
}
public class BehaviorImpl implements IBehavior {
    @Override
    public void perform(String behaiviorName, String behaiviorContent) {
        System.out.println("behaiviorName:" + behaiviorName);
        System.out.println("behaiviorContent:" + behaiviorContent);
    }
}

你要反射,就先得拿到Class对象,两种方式,一直是Class在你的项目中,可以直接引用,第二种就是这个Class可能你不能直接引用,比如Android中的ContextImpl,一般来说,第二种的使用场景会更广泛。

//直接通过class
Class studentClassByClass = Student.class;

//通过class的字符串全类名
Class studentClassByName = Class.forName("cn.edu.zafu.Student");

然后你可以直接调用class的newInstance方法新建一个对象,但是对于没有默认构造函数的类来说,你需要拿到构造函数再去新建对象。这里需要注意的是你不知道修饰符是private,protected,public中的哪一个时,建议调用setAccessible设置成true,不然极有可能会发生异常。

//构造函数new对象
Constructor constructor = studentClassByName.getConstructor(String.class, int.class);
constructor.setAccessible(true);
Student student = (Student) constructor.newInstance("区长", 22);
System.out.println(student);

对于静态变量的访问,可以拿到Field,直接设置即可。set方法的第一个参数传null就是了。

//静态变量
Field schoolField = studentClassByName.getDeclaredField("school");
schoolField.setAccessible(true);
schoolField.set(null, "浙江大学");
System.out.println(Student.getSchool());

但是对于非静态变量,set方法的第一个参数你就需要传递一个实例进去,比如上面通过构造函数new出来的对象。

//非静态变量
Field ageFiled = studentClassByName.getDeclaredField("age");
ageFiled.setAccessible(true);
Integer age = (Integer) ageFiled.get(student);
System.out.println(age);

ageFiled.set(student, 100);
System.out.println(student.getAge());

同理静态方法同静态变量

//静态方法调用
Method setSchoolMethod = studentClassByName.getDeclaredMethod("setSchool", String.class);
setSchoolMethod.invoke(null, "清华大学");
System.out.println(Student.getSchool());

非静态方法同非静态变量

//非静态方法调用
Method sayMethod = studentClassByName.getDeclaredMethod("say", String.class);
sayMethod.setAccessible(true);
sayMethod.invoke(student, "hello world");

等等,还有一个泛型变量呢

 private HashMap<String, Integer> scores = new HashMap<String, Integer>();

懵逼了,不会写。。。。。其实还是一样,强转就ok了,只不过强转前需要对类型进行校验。

然后就是异常处理,反射大多数人都是通过try catch直接捕捉异常。。。这也没什么好说的。

劫持,什么叫劫持呢,其实就是替换字段,有人说你直接反射拿到变量,直接反射替换就是了,这是一种方式,但是这并不是我想要的,比如我要劫持Student里的behavior变量,但是我不想修改它,我想保留它原来的逻辑,但是我又想加入新的东西,这个就有点类型面向切面编程了,比如日志的注入。怎么做?懵逼了。。。。显然是动态代理啊。使用代理类去完成劫持操作,既可以保留原有操作,又可以增加新的逻辑。

那么Hack类是怎么做的呢。首先生成HackedClass类,怎么生成的呢,调用Hack的into方法,入参有两种形式,一种就是直接传Class,另一种就是传递Class的全类名字符串。

public static  HackedClass into(final Class clazz) {
    return new HackedClass(clazz);
}

@SuppressWarnings({"rawtypes", "unchecked"})
public static  HackedClass into(final String class_name) throws HackDeclaration.HackAssertionException {
    try {
        return new HackedClass(Class.forName(class_name));
    } catch (final ClassNotFoundException e) {
        fail(new HackDeclaration.HackAssertionException(e));
        return new HackedClass(null);    // TODO: Better solution to avoid null?
    }
}

into方法返回的是HackedClass对象,这个对象是对反射的包装类之一。其源码如下

public static class HackedClass {

    protected Class mClass;

    public HackedClass(final Class clazz) {
        mClass = clazz;
    }

    public HackedField staticField(final String name) throws HackDeclaration.HackAssertionException {
        return new HackedField(mClass, name, Modifier.STATIC);
    }

    public HackedField field(final String name) throws HackDeclaration.HackAssertionException {
        return new HackedField(mClass, name, 0);
    }

    public HackedMethod staticMethod(final String name, final Class... arg_types) throws HackDeclaration.HackAssertionException {
        return new HackedMethod(mClass, name, arg_types, Modifier.STATIC);
    }

    public HackedMethod method(final String name, final Class... arg_types) throws HackDeclaration.HackAssertionException {
        return new HackedMethod(mClass, name, arg_types, 0);
    }

    public HackedConstructor constructor(final Class... arg_types) throws HackDeclaration.HackAssertionException {
        return new HackedConstructor(mClass, arg_types);
    }

    public Class getmClass() {
        return mClass;
    }
}   

如果你要获得静态方法,就调用staticMethod,静态变量就调用staticField,非静态方法就调用method,非静态变量就调用field,要获得构造函数就调用constructor,当然你也可以调用getmClass获得Class。最终如果你调用方法相关的函数会得到HackedMethod,调用变量相关的会得到HackedField,调用构造函数相关的会获得HackedConstructor,这三个类的源码如下。自己看源码。。。。不解释了。。。太长了,主要是对反射的封装,并达到面向对象的效果。


public static class HackedField {

    private final Field mField;


    HackedField(final Class clazz, final String name, int modifiers) throws HackDeclaration.HackAssertionException {
        Field field = null;
        try {
            if (clazz == null) {
                return;
            }
            field = clazz.getDeclaredField(name);
            if (modifiers > 0 && (field.getModifiers() & modifiers) != modifiers) {
                fail(new HackDeclaration.HackAssertionException(field + " does not match modifiers: " + modifiers));
            }
            field.setAccessible(true);
        } catch (final NoSuchFieldException e) {
            HackDeclaration.HackAssertionException hae = new HackDeclaration.HackAssertionException(e);
            hae.setHackedClass(clazz);
            hae.setHackedFieldName(name);
            fail(hae);
        } finally {
            mField = field;
        }
    }

    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")        
    public  HackedField ofGenericType(final Class type) throws HackDeclaration.HackAssertionException {
        if (mField != null && !type.isAssignableFrom(mField.getType())) {
            fail(new HackDeclaration.HackAssertionException(new ClassCastException(mField + " is not of type " + type)));
        }
        return (HackedField) this;
    }

    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public HackedField ofType(final String type_name) throws HackDeclaration.HackAssertionException {
        try {
            return (HackedField) ofType(Class.forName(type_name));
        } catch (final ClassNotFoundException e) {
            fail(new HackDeclaration.HackAssertionException(e));
            return this;
        }
    }

    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public  HackedField ofType(final Class type) throws HackDeclaration.HackAssertionException {
        if (mField != null && !type.isAssignableFrom(mField.getType())) {
            fail(new HackDeclaration.HackAssertionException(new ClassCastException(mField + " is not of type " + type)));
        }
        return (HackedField) this;
    }


    public void hijack(final C instance, final Interception.InterceptionHandler handler) {
        final T delegatee = get(instance);
        if (delegatee == null) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot hijack null");
        }
        final Class[] interfaces = delegatee.getClass().getInterfaces();
        set(instance, Interception.proxy(delegatee, handler, interfaces));
    }



    public T get(final C instance) {
        try {
            @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") final T value = (T) mField.get(instance);
            return value;
        } catch (final IllegalAccessException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return null; 
        }
    }


    public void set(final C instance, final Object value) {
        try {
            mField.set(instance, value);
        } catch (final IllegalAccessException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();

        }
    }

    public Field getField() {
        return mField;
    }
}

public static class HackedMethod {

    protected final Method mMethod;


    HackedMethod(final Class clazz, final String name, final Class[] arg_types, int modifiers) throws HackDeclaration.HackAssertionException {
        Method method = null;
        try {
            if (clazz == null) {
                return;
            }
            method = clazz.getDeclaredMethod(name, arg_types);
            if (modifiers > 0 && (method.getModifiers() & modifiers) != modifiers) {
                fail(new HackDeclaration.HackAssertionException(method + " does not match modifiers: " + modifiers));
            }
            method.setAccessible(true);
        } catch (final NoSuchMethodException e) {
            HackDeclaration.HackAssertionException hae = new HackDeclaration.HackAssertionException(e);
            hae.setHackedClass(clazz);
            hae.setHackedMethodName(name);
            fail(hae);
        } finally {
            mMethod = method;
        }
    }


    public Object invoke(final Object receiver, final Object... args) throws IllegalArgumentException, InvocationTargetException {
        Object obj = null;
        try {
            obj = mMethod.invoke(receiver, args);
            return obj;
        } catch (final IllegalAccessException e) { /* Should never happen */
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return obj;
    }

    public Method getMethod() {
        return mMethod;
    }
}

public static class HackedConstructor {

    protected Constructor mConstructor;

    HackedConstructor(final Class clazz, final Class[] arg_types) throws HackDeclaration.HackAssertionException {
        try {
            if (clazz == null) {
                return;
            }
            mConstructor = clazz.getDeclaredConstructor(arg_types);
        } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
            HackDeclaration.HackAssertionException hae = new HackDeclaration.HackAssertionException(e);
            hae.setHackedClass(clazz);
            fail(hae);
        }
    }

    public Object getInstance(final Object... arg_types) throws IllegalArgumentException {
        Object obj = null;
        mConstructor.setAccessible(true);
        try {
            obj = mConstructor.newInstance(arg_types);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return obj;
    }
}

注意HackedField中有个方法叫hijack,这个方法的作用就是劫持。

最终,如果反射失败的话会进入Hack的fail方法处理,我们可以设置AssertionFailureHandler处理器,返回false会扔出异常,否则不会扔出异常。可以在里面做一些事,比如埋点。这样就可以集中到一个地方处理了。


private static void fail(HackDeclaration.HackAssertionException e) throws HackDeclaration.HackAssertionException {
    if (sFailureHandler == null || !sFailureHandler.onAssertionFailure(e)) {
        throw e;
    }
}


public static void setAssertionFailureHandler(AssertionFailureHandler handler) {
    sFailureHandler = handler;
}


public interface AssertionFailureHandler {
    boolean onAssertionFailure(HackDeclaration.HackAssertionException failure);
}

瞎说了这么多,来实践一把。

获得HackedClass对象,调用Hack.into方法

//通过Class来获得一个HackedClass
Hack.HackedClass hackPersonByClass = Hack.into(Student.class);
//输出class测试
System.out.println(hackPersonByClass.getmClass());
//通过Class的全类名获得一个HackedClass
Hack.HackedClass hackPersonByName = Hack.into("cn.edu.zafu.Student");
//输出class测试
System.out.println(hackPersonByName.getmClass());

创建实例,调用HackedClass的constructor方法,将参数的类型传入,然后调用getInstance方法就可以获得一个实例了。

//获得构造函数
Hack.HackedConstructor personConstructor = hackPersonByName.constructor(String.class, int.class);
//创建并获得实例
Student student = (Student) personConstructor.getInstance("区长", 121);
//输出结果测试
System.out.println(student);
//直接调用反射获得的对象的方法
student.say("世界你好,世界再见");

非静态变量需要通过field方法获得一个HackedField对象,这时候你获得的field是一个Object类型的,因此如果你想要类型安全,需要调用一下ofType方法,将类型传入。

//通过field -> ofType 获得一个HackedField,非静态
Hack.HackedField hackName = hackPersonByName.field("name").ofType(String.class);
//反射调用
String name = hackName.get(student);
//输出结果测试
System.out.println(name);

//通过field -> ofType 获得一个HackedField,非静态
Hack.HackedField hackAge = hackPersonByName.field("age").ofType(int.class);
//反射设置属性
hackAge.set(student, 16);
//反射获得age,进行验证
Integer age = hackPersonByName.field("age").ofType(int.class).get(student);
//输出结果测试
System.out.println(age);

静态变量直接调用staticField方法即可,除了上面的ofType将类型传入,这个类型可以是Class对象,也可以是Class字符串的全类名。


//反射获得静态变量
Hack.HackedField hackSchool = hackPersonByName.staticField("school").ofType("java.lang.String");

//获得静态变量值
String sSchool = (String) hackSchool.get(null);
//输出结果测试
System.out.println(sSchool);

//设置值
hackSchool.getField().set(null, "北京大学");
//获得值验证是否设置成功,通过getField()方式
sSchool = (String) hackSchool.getField().get(null);
//输出结果测试
System.out.println(sSchool);

泛型参数可以调用ofGenericType方法转为泛型,比如下面的Map

//泛型参数
Hack.HackedField> hackScores = hackPersonByName.field("scores").ofGenericType(Map.class);
Map stringIntegerMap = hackScores.get(student);
stringIntegerMap.put("语文", 80);
stringIntegerMap.put("数学", 90);
//泛型参数设置
hackScores.set(student, stringIntegerMap);
//输出结果测试
System.out.println(student.getScores());

方法的调用需要调用method相关的方法,非静态方法直接调用method方法获得HackedMethod对象,需要将方法的参数类型传入。之后直接invoke调用的时候将调用对象实例和参数传入。

//反射非静态方法调用
hackPersonByName.method("say", String.class).invoke(student, "fuck the source code");

静态方法和非静态方法相比就是invoke的时候调用对象可以直接传null。

//反射静态方法调用
hackPersonByName.staticMethod("setSchool", String.class).invoke(null, "南京大学");
//输出结果测试
System.out.println(Student.getSchool());
//反射静态方法调用
String school = (String) hackPersonByName.staticMethod("getSchool").getMethod().invoke(null);
System.out.println(school);

以上调用的最终输出如下图所示,代码可能跟图有出入(貌似修改过前后顺序)

反射还能这么玩?_第2张图片

Hack类里的异常处理最终都会走到fail方法中,fail方法中会判断AssertionFailureHandler是否为空,空的情况下会直接扔出异常,否则会看AssertionFailureHandler的处理结果,如果结果返回true,则不扔出异常,返回fasle的情况下也会扔出异常,我们通过setAssertionFailureHandler方法设置一个异常处理器就可以了。下面调用两个不存在的字段,让它进入到这个处理器中,如果字段名是notHandler则扔出异常,否则输出信息并返回true。

//异常处理
Hack.setAssertionFailureHandler(new Hack.AssertionFailureHandler() {
    @Override
    public boolean onAssertionFailure(Hack.HackDeclaration.HackAssertionException failure) {
        //如果是notHandler字段,则不处理,即扔出异常,否则打印输出,不扔出异常
        if ("notHandler".equals(failure.getHackedFieldName())) {
            return false;
        }

        Class hackedClass = failure.getHackedClass();
        String hackedFieldName = failure.getHackedFieldName();
        String hackedMethodName = failure.getHackedMethodName();
        System.out.println("=====onAssertionFailure start=====");
        System.out.println("hackedClass:" + hackedClass);
        System.out.println("hackedFieldName:" + hackedFieldName);
        System.out.println("hackedMethodName:" + hackedMethodName);
        System.out.println("=====onAssertionFailure end=====");
        //返回true不会抛出异常,否则抛出异常

        return true;
    }
});
//获得一个不存在的对象,验证onAssertionFailure回调
Hack.HackedField unknownField = hackPersonByName.field("unknownField").ofType(String.class);
Hack.HackedField notHandler = hackPersonByName.field("notHandler").ofType(String.class);

最终的效果如下

反射还能这么玩?_第3张图片

劫持字段,字段的劫持就是通过动态代理来实现的,内部的逻辑如下

public static abstract class InterceptionHandler<T> implements
        InvocationHandler {
    private T mDelegatee;

    @Override
    public Object invoke(Object obj, Method method, Object[] args)
            throws Throwable {
        Object obj2 = null;
        try {
            obj2 = method.invoke(delegatee(), args);
        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IllegalAccessException e2) {
            e2.printStackTrace();
        } catch (InvocationTargetException e3) {
            throw e3.getTargetException();
        }
        return obj2;
    }

    protected T delegatee() {
        return this.mDelegatee;
    }

    void setDelegatee(T t) {
        this.mDelegatee = t;
    }
}

这个字段的方法调用都是调用委托对象,这个对象就是我们原始的字段,这个delegatee方法我们可以重写返回新对象,这样就和反射直接替换没有什么差别了。当然也可以重写invoke方法,在调用前和调用后做一些处理。比如我做一些日志输出。如下代码

//字段劫持处理
Interception.InterceptionHandler handler = new Interception.InterceptionHandler() {
    @Override
    public Object invoke(Object obj, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
        System.out.println("hijack:[invoke start]");

        Object o = super.invoke(obj, method, args);

        System.out.println("hijack:[invoke end]");
        return o;
    }
};
//劫持behavior字段
hackPersonByName.field("behavior").hijack(student, handler);
//测试劫持效果
student.getBehavior().perform("sleep", "sleep 10h");

最终效果如下
反射还能这么玩?_第4张图片

好了说了这么多,还是不明白这个东西有什么软用呢?Android动态加载资源的时候我们需要用到的ContextImpl对象,需要对AssetManager和Resources需要做一些操作,就可以这么来了。

 AssetManager;
    public static HackedMethod AssetManager_addAssetPath;
    public static HackedClass ContextImpl;
    public static HackedField
   
   
    
     ContextImpl_mResources;
    public static boolean sIsReflectChecked;
    public static boolean sIsReflectAvailable;

    public static boolean defineAndVerify() {
        if (sIsReflectChecked) {
            return sIsReflectAvailable;
        }
        Hacks hacks = new Hacks();
        try {
            Hack.setAssertionFailureHandler(hacks);
            allClasses();
            allConstructors();
            allFields();
            allMethods();
            sIsReflectAvailable = true;
            return sIsReflectAvailable;
        } catch (Throwable e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            Hack.setAssertionFailureHandler(null);
            sIsReflectChecked = true;
        }
        return false;
    }


    private static void allClasses() throws HackAssertionException {
        AssetManager = Hack.into(AssetManager.class);
        ContextImpl = Hack.into("android.app.ContextImpl");
    }

    private static void allConstructors() throws HackAssertionException {

    }


    private static void allFields() throws HackAssertionException {

        ContextImpl_mResources = ContextImpl.field("mResources").ofType(
                Resources.class);
    }


    private static void allMethods() throws HackAssertionException {
        AssetManager_addAssetPath = AssetManager.method("addAssetPath", String.class);
    }


    @Override
    public boolean onAssertionFailure(HackAssertionException hackAssertionException) {
        //throw it
        return false;
    }
}" data-snippet-id="ext.761aabe2bd8c30242e974baa0a5b4f3f" data-snippet-saved="false" data-codota-status="done">
    
    

import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;


public class Hacks extends HackDeclaration implements AssertionFailureHandler {

    public static HackedClass AssetManager;
    public static HackedMethod AssetManager_addAssetPath;
    public static HackedClass ContextImpl;
    public static HackedField ContextImpl_mResources;
    public static boolean sIsReflectChecked;
    public static boolean sIsReflectAvailable;

    public static boolean defineAndVerify() {
        if (sIsReflectChecked) {
            return sIsReflectAvailable;
        }
        Hacks hacks = new Hacks();
        try {
            Hack.setAssertionFailureHandler(hacks);
            allClasses();
            allConstructors();
            allFields();
            allMethods();
            sIsReflectAvailable = true;
            return sIsReflectAvailable;
        } catch (Throwable e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            Hack.setAssertionFailureHandler(null);
            sIsReflectChecked = true;
        }
        return false;
    }


    private static void allClasses() throws HackAssertionException {
        AssetManager = Hack.into(AssetManager.class);
        ContextImpl = Hack.into("android.app.ContextImpl");
    }

    private static void allConstructors() throws HackAssertionException {

    }


    private static void allFields() throws HackAssertionException {

        ContextImpl_mResources = ContextImpl.field("mResources").ofType(
                Resources.class);
    }


    private static void allMethods() throws HackAssertionException {
        AssetManager_addAssetPath = AssetManager.method("addAssetPath", String.class);
    }


    @Override
    public boolean onAssertionFailure(HackAssertionException hackAssertionException) {
        //throw it
        return false;
    }
}


    
    

调用 Hacks.defineAndVerify反复进行定义和验证,成功后就可以直接调用了。

boolean flag = Hacks.defineAndVerify();

if (flag) {
    AssetManager assetManager = AssetManager.class.newInstance();
    Hacks.AssetManager_addAssetPath.invoke(assetManager,"assetPath");
    Hacks.ContextImpl_mResources.set(context, resources);
}

上面的这个例子是伪代码,实际情况自己去把握~~~~写的比较随意,看看就好了~

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