在Java中,使用HttpUtils实现发送HTTP请求

HTTP请求,在日常开发中,还是比较常见的,今天给大家分享HttpUtils如何使用。

阅读本文,你将收获:

  • 简单总结HTTP请求常用配置;
  • JavaLib中HttpUtils如何使用;
  • 如何封装HTTP请求工具类。

第一部分:简单总结HTTP请求常用配置

大家好,在 Java 开发中,经常遇到需要调用第三方提供的接口服务,常见的形式是 HTTP + JSON,下面,就对 http 请求常见的设置,做一个说明

http提供多种请求方式,以满足我们日常需要,先按请求方式来做说明:

  • GET
  • POST
  • PUT
  • PATCH
  • DELETE

在 RESTful API 开发中,我们可以根据这些请求方式设计我们的API接口。举例:

  • GET:获取资源
  • POST:提交资源
  • PUT:更新完整资源
  • PATCH:更新部分资源
  • DELETE:删除资源

参数格式

  • form表单
  • json

其他

  • 超时时间设置

第二部分:使用JavaLib的HttpUtils

简单的get请求

System.out.println(HttpUtils.get("https://www.baidu.com"));

响应结果:

 百度一下,你就知道  

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通过简单尝试,证明两点:

  • 一是,这个还是可以使用的;
  • 二是,原来使用如此简单。

如果要你手写一个http请求,或许你脑海里一篇空白,会去搜索各种资料。

我们再试一个复杂的

接口:

接口地址:https://erwin-api.fengwenyi.com/erwin/blog/page
请求方法:GET
参数:currentPage,pageSize
参数格式:form
响应:application/json

在Java中,使用HttpUtils实现发送HTTP请求_第1张图片

在Java中,使用HttpUtils实现发送HTTP请求_第2张图片

String url = "https://erwin-api.fengwenyi.com/erwin/bookmark/page?currentPage=1&pageSize=10";

Request request = new Request();
request.setUrl(url);
request.setMethod(Request.Method.GET);

Map headerMap = new HashMap<>();
headerMap.put("Accept", "application/json");

Request.Option option = new Request.Option();
option.setHeaders(headerMap);

try {
    System.out.println(HttpUtils.execute(request, option));
} catch (IOException e) {
    throw new RuntimeException(e);
}

响应结果:

{
    "code":"SUCCESS",
    "message":"Success",
    "success":true,
    "header":null,
    "body":{
        "currentPage":1,
        "pageSize":10,
        "totalRows":661,
        "totalPages":67,
        "content":[
            {
                "id":"1634772578877935617",
                "timestamp":1678595130000,
                "enabledState":null,
                "name":"VScode 中文显示出现黄色方框的解决方法_vscode汉字被框住_YJer的博客-CSDN博客",
                "url":"https://blog.csdn.net/qq_33249042/article/details/123252625",
                "icon":null,
                "classifyName":"软件",
                "classifyId":"1522587269600481281"
            },
            {
                "id":"1632640455110922241",
                "timestamp":1678086792000,
                "enabledState":null,
                "name":"Spring中init-method和destroy-method的四种方式_星夜孤帆的博客-CSDN博客",
                "url":"https://blog.csdn.net/qq_38826019/article/details/117387398",
                "icon":null,
                "classifyName":"Spring",
                "classifyId":"1522586360887742466"
            },
            {
                "id":"1631597310596190209",
                "timestamp":1677838087000,
                "enabledState":null,
                "name":"vue3 + elemenplus实现导航栏 - 掘金",
                "url":"https://juejin.cn/post/7084871748608327687",
                "icon":null,
                "classifyName":"前端",
                "classifyId":"1525554881275990018"
            },
            {
                "id":"1631593154401636354",
                "timestamp":1677837096000,
                "enabledState":null,
                "name":"Spring bean 创建过程源码解析 - 腾讯云开发者社区-腾讯云",
                "url":"https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1631160",
                "icon":null,
                "classifyName":"Spring",
                "classifyId":"1522586360887742466"
            },
            {
                "id":"1631592987673858050",
                "timestamp":1677837056000,
                "enabledState":null,
                "name":"SpringBoot之容器启动源码分析与Bean加载_springboot加载bean 源码_minemine0418的博客-CSDN博客",
                "url":"https://blog.csdn.net/minemine0418/article/details/102308912",
                "icon":null,
                "classifyName":"Spring Boot",
                "classifyId":"1522586446766116865"
            },
            {
                "id":"1631586585454678018",
                "timestamp":1677835530000,
                "enabledState":null,
                "name":"Spring-Bean生命周期 - 知乎",
                "url":"https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/158468104",
                "icon":null,
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                "classifyId":"1522586360887742466"
            },
            {
                "id":"1631579732104548354",
                "timestamp":1677833896000,
                "enabledState":null,
                "name":"一文读懂 Spring Bean 的生命周期_spring bean的生命周期_老周聊架构的博客-CSDN博客",
                "url":"https://blog.csdn.net/riemann_/article/details/118500805",
                "icon":null,
                "classifyName":"Spring",
                "classifyId":"1522586360887742466"
            },
            {
                "id":"1630768897186697218",
                "timestamp":1677640578000,
                "enabledState":null,
                "name":"MySQL同时统计多个条件的记录条数_ztnhnr的博客-CSDN博客",
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                "classifyName":"MySQL",
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            {
                "id":"1630768792098410497",
                "timestamp":1677640553000,
                "enabledState":null,
                "name":"sql查询近七天,近两周,近一个月的数据_sql最近一周数据_心诚则灵'的博客-CSDN博客",
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                "classifyName":"MySQL",
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            },
            {
                "id":"1630480535938764801",
                "timestamp":1677571827000,
                "enabledState":null,
                "name":"开源流程引擎哪个好,如何选型? - 知乎",
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                "icon":null,
                "classifyName":"Java",
                "classifyId":"1522586296119300097"
            }
        ]
    }
}

响应结果,还是符合预期的。

当然,HTTP还有其他,比如超时等等,下面看看完整版的请求示例:

Map paramMap = new HashMap<>();
paramMap.put("currentPage", 1);
paramMap.put("pageSize", 10);

Map headerMap = new HashMap<>();
headerMap.put("Accept", "application/json");

Request request = new Request();
request.setUrl("https://erwin-api.fengwenyi.com/erwin/bookmark/page");
request.setParam(paramMap);
request.setMethod(Request.Method.GET);
request.setUtil(Request.Util.OkHttp);

Request.Option option = new Request.Option();
option.setHeaders(headerMap);
option.setConnectTimeoutSecond(3);
option.setReadTimeoutSecond(5);
option.setLogLevel(Request.LogLevel.DEBUG);

try {
    String result = HttpUtils.execute(request, option);
    System.out.println(result);
} catch (IOException e) {
    throw new RuntimeException(e);
}

响应结果也是跟上面一样的。

第三部分:分享HttpUtils是如何封装的

首先是 RequestResponse 对应HTTP的请求和响应,包路径如下:

  • com.fengwenyi.javalib.http.Request
  • com.fengwenyi.javalib.http.Response

另外,com.fengwenyi.javalib.http.Request.Option 来存放HTTP参数配置。

这一部分的思路来源是 Spring Cloud OpenFeign。

为了兼容多种HTTP工具实现请求,引入了 HttpClientFactory,其他工具类,只要实现 HttpClient 接口,就行。

  • com.fengwenyi.javalib.http.client.HttpClient
  • com.fengwenyi.javalib.http.client.HttpClientFactory

欧克,下面我们就以代码来看看:

HttpUtils#execute

public static String execute(Request request, Request.Option option) throws IOException {
    check(request);
    HttpClient httpClient = HttpClientFactory.get(request.getUtil());
    Response response = httpClient.execute(request, option);
    return handleResponse(response);
}

HttpClientFactory#get

public static HttpClient get(Request.Util httpUtil) {
    if (Request.Util.JDK == httpUtil) {
        return new JdkHttpClient();
    } else if (Request.Util.OkHttp == httpUtil) {
        return new OkHttpClient();
    } else {
        throw new RuntimeException("not find http util: " + httpUtil.name());
    }
}

所以,只需要实现 HttpClient#execute 接口就行。

Response execute(Request request, Request.Option option) throws IOException;

 

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