MySQL——备份恢复练习，mysqldump的使用

文章末尾有mysqldump的用法详解

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素材：（数据库school、表student、表score）

CREATE  TABLE  student (
id  INT(10)  NOT NULL  UNIQUE  PRIMARY KEY  ,
name  VARCHAR(20)  NOT NULL ,
sex  VARCHAR(4)  ,
birth  YEAR,
department  VARCHAR(20) ,
address  VARCHAR(50) 
);
//向表中插入数据
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 901,'张老大', '男',1985,'计算机系', '北京市海淀区');
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 902,'张老二', '男',1986,'中文系', '北京市昌平区');
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 903,'张三', '女',1990,'中文系', '湖南省永州市');
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 904,'李四', '男',1990,'英语系', '辽宁省阜新市');
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 905,'王五', '女',1991,'英语系', '福建省厦门市');
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 906,'王六', '男',1988,'计算机系', '湖南省衡阳市');

CREATE  TABLE  score (
id  INT(10)  NOT NULL  UNIQUE  PRIMARY KEY  AUTO_INCREMENT ,
stu_id  INT(10)  NOT NULL ,
c_name  VARCHAR(20) ,
grade  INT(10)
);
//向表中插入数据
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,901, '计算机',98);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,901, '英语', 80);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,902, '计算机',65);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,902, '中文',88);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,903, '中文',95);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,904, '计算机',70);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,904, '英语',92);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,905, '英语',94);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,906, '计算机',90);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,906, '英语',85);

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例题：

先创建backup目录，mkdir /backup

1.备份数据库school到/backup目录

[root@MySQL ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p123 school > /backup/school.sql
mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

2.备份MySQL数据库为带删除表的格式，能够让该备份覆盖已有数据库而不需要手动删除原有数据库

[root@MySQL ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p123 --add-drop-table school > /backup/droptable.sql
mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

3.直接将MySQL数据库压缩备份

[root@MySQL ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p123 school | gzip > /backup/school.sql.gz
mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

4.备份MySQL数据库某个(些)表。此例备份student表

[root@MySQL ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p123 school student > /backup/school_student.sql
mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

5.同时备份多个MySQL数据库（其他数据库素材自行准备）

[root@MySQL ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p123 -B school db1 > /backup/moredatabase.sql
mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

6.仅仅备份数据库结构

[root@MySQL ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p123 -d school > /backup/schoolStructure.sql
mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

7.备份服务器上所有数据库

[root@MySQL ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p123 -A > /backup/alldatabase.sql
mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

8.还原MySQL数据库

//删除数据库school
[root@MySQL ~]# mysql -uroot -p123 -e 'drop database school'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@MySQL ~]# mysql -uroot -p123 -e 'show databases'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| db1                |
| db2                |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
//先创建数据库school，再进行恢复数据
[root@MySQL ~]# mysql -uroot -p123 -e 'create database school default character set utf8'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@MySQL ~]# mysql -uroot -p123 school < /backup/school.sql
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
//查看数据库和表
[root@MySQL ~]# mysql -uroot -p123
mysql> use school
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+------------------+
| Tables_in_school |
+------------------+
| score            |
| student          |
+------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

9.还原压缩的MySQL数据库

[root@MySQL ~]# zcat school.sql.gz | mysql -uroot -p123 school
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

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总结：

1.备份的时候，如果不写备份的目录，会备份到当前文件夹下；
2.备份数据库

mysqldump -uroot -pPassword [database name]  [table name] > [dump patch/file name]

eg.

备份数据库school下的表student：

mysqldump -uroot -p123 school student > /backup/school.sql

3.导出结构不导出数据

mysqldump -uroot -pPassword -d [database name] > [dump patch/file name]

4.导出数据不导出结构

mysqldump -uroot -pPassword -t [database name] > [dump patch/file name]

5.导出特定的数据库

mysqldump -uroot -pPassword -B [database name] > [dump patch/file name]

6.导出数据库并删除表

mysqldump -uroot -pPassword --add-drop-table [database name] > [dump patch/file name]

7.备份全部数据库

mysqldump -uroot -pPassword -A [database name] > [dump patch/file name]

8.导入数据

mysql -uroot -p123 [database name] < [dump file]

zcat **.sql.gz | mysql -uroot -p123 [database name]

使用zcat导入数据时，如果使用参数-B备份数据库，后面可不用加上数据库名，反之，需先创建该数据库，再加上数据库名字。

9.使用source导入数据

mysql -uroot -p123 -e 'source /backup/school.sql'

10.参数详解

–all-databases , -A
导出全部数据库

–databases, -B
导出几个数据库。参数后面所有名字参量都被看作数据库名。

–all-tablespaces , -Y
导出全部表空间

–no-tablespaces , -y
不导出任何表空间信息

–add-drop-database
每个数据库创建之前添加drop数据库语句

–add-drop-table
每个数据表创建之前添加drop数据表语句。(默认为打开状态，使用–skip-add-drop-table取消选项)

–add-locks
在每个表导出之前增加LOCK TABLES并且之后UNLOCK TABLE。(默认为打开状态，使用–skip-add-locks取消选项)