WebSocket技术的实现

WebSocket

什么时websocket?

WebSocket使得客户端和服务器之间的数据交换变得更加简单,允许服务端主动向客户端推送数据。在WebSocket API中,浏览器和服务器只需要完成一次握手,两者之间就直接可以创建持久性的连接,并进行双向数据传输。
优点:双向通信、事件驱动、异步、使用ws或wss协议的客户端能够真正实现意义上的推送功能。
缺点:少部分浏览器不支持。
示例:社交聊天(微信、QQ)、弹幕、多玩家玩游戏、协同编辑、股票基金实时报价、体育实况更新、视频会议/聊天、基于位置的应用、在线教育、智能家居等高实时性的场景。

WebSocket的实现

后台springboot +Android客户端实现即时聊天:
springboot
项目结构:
WebSocket技术的实现_第1张图片

导入依赖:

		<dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-websocketartifactId>
        dependency>

配置类WebSocketConfig,这里开启了配置之后springboot才会去扫描对应的注解。

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.socket.server.standard.ServerEndpointExporter;

@Configuration
public class WebSocketConfig {
    @Bean
    public ServerEndpointExporter serverEndpointExporter(){
        return new ServerEndpointExporter();
    }
}

编写端点服务类
接下来在 config 包下创建一个 WebSocket 配置类 WebSocketConfiguration,在配置类上加入注解 @EnableWebSocket,表明开启 WebSocket,内部实例化 ServerEndpointExporter 的 Bean,该 Bean 会自动注册 @ServerEndpoint 注解声明的端点,代码如下:


import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import com.example.yang.springboot_mtbatis.service.UserService;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import javax.websocket.OnClose;
import javax.websocket.OnMessage;
import javax.websocket.OnOpen;
import javax.websocket.Session;
import javax.websocket.server.PathParam;
import javax.websocket.server.ServerEndpoint;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
//注册成组件
@Component
//定义websocket服务器端,它的功能主要是将目前的类定义成一个websocket服务器端。注解的值将被用于监听用户连接的终端访问URL地址
@ServerEndpoint("/websocket/{userId}")
//如果不想每次都写private  final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(当前类名.class); 可以用注解@Slf4j;可以直接调用log.info
@Slf4j
public class WebSocket {
    @Autowired
    UserService userService;

    //实例一个session,这个session是websocket的session
    private Session session;

    /**concurrent包的线程安全Set,用来存放每个客户端对应的MyWebSocket对象。*/
    private static ConcurrentHashMap<String, WebSocket> webSocketMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();

    /**接收userId*/
    private String userId="";

    private static int onlineCount = 0;

    //前端请求时一个websocket时
    @OnOpen
    public void onOpen(Session session,@PathParam("userId") String userId) {
        this.session = session;
        this.userId=userId;
        if(webSocketMap.containsKey(userId)){

            webSocketMap.remove(userId);
            webSocketMap.put(userId,this);
            //加入set中
        }else{

            webSocketMap.put(userId,this);
            //加入set中
            addOnlineCount();
            //在线数加1
        }

    }

    //前端关闭时一个websocket时
    @OnClose
    public void onClose() {
        if(webSocketMap.containsKey(userId)){

            webSocketMap.remove(userId);
            //从set中删除
            subOnlineCount();
        }
        log.info("用户退出:"+userId+",当前在线人数为:" + getOnlineCount());
    }
    StringBuilder stringBuilder;
    //前端向后端发送消息
    @OnMessage
    public void onMessage(String message) {
        log.info("用户消息:"+userId+",报文:"+message);
        //可以群发消息
        //消息保存到数据库、redis
        if(!message.isEmpty()){

            try {

                //解析发送的报文
                JSONObject jsonObject = JSON.parseObject(message);
                //追加发送人(防止串改)
                jsonObject.put("fromUserId",this.userId);
                String toUserId=jsonObject.getString("toUserId");
                //传送给对应toUserId用户的websocket
                if(!toUserId.isEmpty()&&webSocketMap.containsKey(toUserId)){

                    sendMessage(jsonObject.toJSONString());
                }else{

                    log.error("请求的userId:"+toUserId+"不在该服务器上");
                    //否则不在这个服务器上,发送到mysql或者redis
                }
            }catch (Exception e){

                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

    }

    //新增一个方法用于主动向客户端发送消息
    public void sendMessage(String message) {
        log.info("【websocket消息】广播消息, message={}", message);
        try {
            this.session.getBasicRemote().sendText(message);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    /** * 发送自定义消息 * */
    public static void sendInfo(String message,@PathParam("userId") String userId) throws IOException {

        log.info("发送消息到:"+userId+",报文:"+message);
        if(!userId.isEmpty()&&webSocketMap.containsKey(userId)){

            webSocketMap.get(userId).sendMessage(message);
        }else{

            log.error("用户"+userId+",不在线!");
        }
    }
    public static synchronized int getOnlineCount() {

        return onlineCount;
    }
    public static synchronized void addOnlineCount() {

        WebSocket.onlineCount++;
    }
    public static synchronized void subOnlineCount() {

        WebSocket.onlineCount--;
    }
}

其中,@ServerEndpoint(“/websocket/{userId}”)表示让 Spring 创建 WebSocket 的服务端点,其中请求地址是 /websocket/{userId}。

另外 WebSocket 一共有四个事件,分别对应 JSR-356 定义的 @OnOpen、@OnMessage、@OnClose、@OnError 注解。

@OnOpen:标注客户端打开 WebSocket 服务端点调用方法
@OnClose:标注客户端关闭 WebSocket 服务端点调用方法
@OnMessage:标注客户端发送消息,WebSocket 服务端点调用方法
@OnError:标注客户端请求 WebSocket 服务端点发生异常调用方法

Android客户端:
新建一个界面:
xml:


<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical">
    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:orientation="horizontal">
        <TextView
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="用户id:"
            android:textColor="@color/xui_config_color_black"/>
        <EditText
            android:id="@+id/et_user_id"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="1"/>
    LinearLayout>
    <TextView
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="websocket:"
        android:textColor="@color/xui_config_color_black"/>

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/tv_message"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="300dp"
            android:singleLine="false"
            android:scrollbars="vertical"
            android:text="111"/>

    <EditText
        android:id="@+id/et_send_message"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"/>


<LinearLayout
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:gravity="center"
    android:orientation="horizontal">
    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btn_send"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="发送"/>
    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btn_clear"
        android:layout_marginLeft="20dp"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="清除"/>
    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btn_create"
        android:layout_marginLeft="20dp"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="创建"/>
LinearLayout>
LinearLayout>

java类:

package com.jqwl.myapp.fragment;

import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.Message;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.TextView;

import androidx.annotation.NonNull;

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import com.jqwl.myapp.core.BaseFragment;
import com.jqwl.myapp.databinding.FragmentWebsocketBinding;
import com.jqwl.myapp.httpapi.HttpApi;
import com.jqwl.myapp.httpapi.RetrofitManager;
import com.jqwl.myapp.utils.XToastUtils;
import com.jqwl.myapp.utils.websocket.JWebSocketClient;
import com.xuexiang.xpage.annotation.Page;
import com.xuexiang.xpage.enums.CoreAnim;

import org.java_websocket.handshake.ServerHandshake;

import java.net.URI;
import java.util.Date;

import retrofit2.Call;
import retrofit2.Callback;
import retrofit2.Response;

@Page(name = "WebSocket 实现Android客户端与服务器的长连接", anim = CoreAnim.slide)
public class WebSocketFragment extends BaseFragment<FragmentWebsocketBinding> {
    FragmentWebsocketBinding binding;
    TextView tv_message;
    EditText et_send_message;
    EditText et_user_id;
    Button btn_send;
    Button btn_clear;
    Button btn_create;
    private JWebSocketClient client;
    private StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();


    @NonNull
    @Override
    protected FragmentWebsocketBinding viewBindingInflate(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container) {
        binding = FragmentWebsocketBinding.inflate(inflater,container,false);
        tv_message = binding.tvMessage;
        et_send_message = binding.etSendMessage;
        btn_send = binding.btnSend;
        btn_clear = binding.btnClear;
        et_user_id = binding.etUserId;
        btn_create = binding.btnCreate;
        return binding;
    }

    @Override
    protected void initViews() {
        createWebSocketClient(et_user_id.getText().toString().trim());
    }

    private void createWebSocketClient(String userId){

//        URI uri = URI.create("ws://172.25.204.62:8082/websocket/"+userId);
        URI uri = URI.create("ws://192.168.0.109:8082/websocket/"+userId);
        client = new JWebSocketClient(uri){
            @Override
            public void onOpen(ServerHandshake handshakedata) {
                super.onOpen(handshakedata);
                sb.append("onOpen at time:");
                sb.append(new Date());
                sb.append("服务器状态:");
                sb.append(handshakedata.getHttpStatusMessage());
                sb.append("\n");
                tv_message.setText(sb.toString());
            }

            @Override
            public void onMessage(String message) {
                super.onMessage(message);
                Message handlerMessage = Message.obtain();
                handlerMessage.obj = message;
                handler.sendMessage(handlerMessage);
            }

            @Override
            public void onClose(int code, String reason, boolean remote) {
                super.onClose(code, reason, remote);
                sb.append("onClose at time:");
                sb.append(new Date());
                sb.append("\n");
                sb.append("onClose info:");
                sb.append(code);
                sb.append(reason);
                sb.append(remote);
                sb.append("\n");
                tv_message.setText(sb.toString());
            }

            @Override
            public void onError(Exception ex) {
                super.onError(ex);
                sb.append("onError at time:");
                sb.append(new Date());
                sb.append("\n");
                sb.append(ex);
                sb.append("\n");
                tv_message.setText(sb.toString());
            }
        };
        try {
            client.connectBlocking();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            XToastUtils.error(e+"");
        }

    }

    @Override
    protected void initListeners() {
        super.initListeners();
        btn_send.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                if(client.isClosed() || client.isClosing()){
                    XToastUtils.info("Client正在关闭");
                    client.connect();
                }
                JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject();
                jsonObject.put("message",et_send_message.getText().toString().trim());
                jsonObject.put("toUserId",et_user_id.getText().toString().trim());
                client.send(jsonObject.toJSONString());
                sb.append("客户端发送消息:");
                sb.append(new Date());
                sb.append("\n");
                sb.append(et_send_message.getText().toString().trim());
                sb.append("\n");
                tv_message.setText(sb.toString());
                et_send_message.setText("");
            }
        });
        btn_clear.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                sb = new StringBuilder();
                tv_message.setText(sb);
            }
        });
        btn_create.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                pushToService();
            }
        });
    }

    private Handler handler = new Handler(new Handler.Callback() {
        @Override
        public boolean handleMessage(Message msg) {
            sb.append("服务器返回数据:");
            sb.append(msg.obj.toString());
            sb.append("\n");
            tv_message.setText(sb.toString());
            return true;
        }
    });

    public void pushToService() {
        String message = "hhhhh";
        JSONObject data = new JSONObject();
        JSONObject param = new JSONObject();
        data.put("message",message);
//        param.put("userId","qqq");
//        JSONObject requestBody = new JSONObject();
//        requestBody.put("data",data);

        param.put("data", data);

        HttpApi api= RetrofitManager.initRetrofit(RetrofitManager.localhost).create(HttpApi.class);
        retrofit2.Call<JSONObject> resultcall=api.webSocketRpc(param);
        resultcall.enqueue(new Callback<JSONObject>() {
            //请求成功时回调
            @Override
            public void onResponse(Call<JSONObject> call, Response<JSONObject> response) {
                if(response.isSuccessful()){
                    JSONObject json = response.body();
                }else{
                    XToastUtils.error("失败");
                }
            }
            //请求失败时候的回调
            @Override
            public void onFailure(Call<JSONObject> call, Throwable throwable) {
                XToastUtils.error("服务器忙!请稍后再试");
            }
        });
    }

}

效果

WebSocket技术的实现_第2张图片
WebSocket技术的实现_第3张图片

WebSocket技术的实现_第4张图片

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