函数绑定器——bind()

函数绑定器——bind()_第1张图片

1、绑定普通函数 

int add(int x , int y)
{
    cout << "int add(int, int)" << endl;
    return x + y;
}
void test()
{
    //函数形态转变:int(int,int)-》int()
    //f的类型就是int(),但是直接写int() f=std::bind(add, 1, 2);会报错
    auto f = std::bind(add, 1, 2); //std::function f = std::bind(add, 1, 2);

    cout << "f() = " << f() << endl;  //调用bind绑定的add函数,函数实参是1和2
}

2、绑定成员函数

class Test
{
public:
    int add(int x , int y)
    {
        cout << "int Test::add(int, int)" << endl;
        return x + y;
    }
    int data = 135;//C++11新的方式初始化数据成员
};

Test tst;
//Test::add()总共有3个参数:this指针,x,y
std::function f2 = bind(&Test::add, &tst, 3, 4);
cout << "f() = " << f() << endl;  //调用bind绑定的add函数,函数实参是1和2

Test tst;
tst.add();//编译器会翻译成:Test::add(&tst)

3、占位符

int add(int x , int y)
{
    cout << "int add(int, int)" << endl;
    return x + y;
}
void test()
{
    //占位符:表示这里要传一个参数
    std::function f4 = bind(add, 1, std::placeholders::_2);
    //_2表示该占位符要传第2个实参:5_
    cout << "f4(5) = " << f4(2,5,6) << endl;
    //f4(2);报错,因为没有第2个实参
}

4、引用包装器

void func4(int x1, int x2, int x3, const int &x4, int x5)
{
    cout << "x1 = " << x1
         << ", x2 = " << x2
         << ", x3 = " << x3
         << ", x4 = " << x4
         << ", x5 = " << x5 << endl;
}
void test()
{
    int number = 100;
    
    //这么写还是值传递
    auto f = bind(func4, 1, std::placeholders::_9
        , std::placeholders::_3, number, number);
    number = 12345;//传递到func4()里的number还是100  
        
    //引用包装器cref = c = const  ref = reference
    auto f = bind(func4, 1, std::placeholders::_9
        , std::placeholders::_3, std::cref(number), number);
    //使用引用包装器把number变成引用
    number = 12345;//传递到func4()里的number是12345  
    f(16, 27, 19, 200, 300, 500, 100, 200, 300);
}

 

5、绑定到数据成员

class Test
{
public:
    int data = 135;//C++11新的方式初始化数据
};

Test tst;
std::function f5 = bind(&Test::data, &tst);//绑定到数据成员
cout << "f5() = " << f5() << endl;//f5() = 135

 6、bind()实现多态

使用function+bind()代替纯虚函数+继承

#include 
#include 

using std::cout;
using std::endl;
using std::bind;
using std::function;

//function + bind可以取代纯虚函数 + 继承来实现多态
class Figure
{
public:
    /* typedef function DisplayCallback;//C的写法 */
    using DisplayCallback = function;
    using AreaCallback = function;

    DisplayCallback _displayCallback;
    AreaCallback _areaCallback;

    //注册回调函数
    /* void setDisplayCallback(function &&cb) */
    void setDisplayCallback(DisplayCallback &&cb)
    {
        _displayCallback = std::move(cb);
    }

    void setAreaCallback(AreaCallback &&cb) //引用折叠
    {
        _areaCallback = std::move(cb);
    }

    //执行回调函数
    void handleDisplayCallback() const
    {
        if(_displayCallback)
        {
            _displayCallback();
        }
    }

    double handleAreaCallback() const
    {
        if(_areaCallback)
        {
            return _areaCallback();
        }
        else
        {
            return 0;
        }
    }
};

class Circle
{
public:
    Circle(double radius)
    : _radius(radius){}

    void display(int x) const
    {
        cout << "Circle";
    }

    double area() const
    {
        return 3.14159 * _radius * _radius;
    }
private:
    double _radius;
};

class Rectangle
{
public:
    Rectangle(double length, double width)
    : _length(length), _width(width){}
    void show() const
    {
        cout << "Rectangle";
    }
    double showArea() const
    {
        return _length * _width;
    }
private:
    double _length;
    double _width;
};

void func(Figure &fig)
{
    fig.handleDisplayCallback();
    cout << "'s area : " << fig.handleAreaCallback() << endl;
}

int main()
{
    Circle circle(10);
    Rectangle rectangle(10, 20);

    Figure fig;
    //std::function f = std::bind(&Circle::display, &circle, 10); */
	/*fig.setDisplayCallback(std::move(f)); */
    fig.setDisplayCallback(bind(&Circle::display, &circle, 10));
    fig.setAreaCallback(bind(&Circle::area, &circle));
    func(fig);

    fig.setDisplayCallback(bind(&Rectangle::show, &rectangle));
    fig.setAreaCallback(bind(&Rectangle::showArea, &rectangle));
    func(fig);

    return 0;
}

引用折叠:

template

func(T &&);

T  &&   

当T是以下类型时:

int    ===》 int &&

int &  ------------>  int & &&   ----------> int &

int &&  ---------->int && &&  ----------> int &&

T &

当T是以下类型时:

int    ===》 int &

int &  ---------->  int & &   ----------> int &

int &&  ---------->int & &&   ----------> int & 

function _displayCallback;

_displayCallback = std::move(cb);

等号右边取右值的原因:

对_displayCallback对象赋值时,调用 function类的移动赋值运算符函数,可以减少资源的消耗

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