CompletableFuture 使用
文章转载：CompletableFuture 详解（JDK1.8新特性、并发编程）_别念茶茶的博客-CSDN博客
CompletableFuture 详解（JDK1.8新特性、并发编程）_别念茶茶的博客-CSDN博客
目录
概要
简述
静态方法
入参
异步执行代码举例
Future.submit
supplyAsync / runAsync
异步回调
thenApply / thenApplyAsync
thenAccept / thenRun
exceptionally
whenComplete
handle
组合处理
thenCombine / thenAcceptBoth / runAfterBoth
applyToEither / acceptEither / runAfterEither
thenCompose
allOf / anyOf
概要
简述
CompletableFuture实现了CompletionStage接口和Future接口，前者是对后者的一个扩展，增加了异步回调、流式处理、多个Future组合处理的能力，使Java在处理多任务的协同工作时更加顺畅便利。
CompletableFuture就为我们提供了异步函数式编程,CompletableFuture提供了非常强大的Future的扩展功能，可以帮助我们简化异步编程的复杂性，提供了函数式编程的能力，可以通过回调的方式处理计算结果，并且提供了转换和组合CompletableFuture的方法。
静态方法
public static CompletableFuture
runAsync(Runnable runnable) public static CompletableFuture
runAsync(Runnable runnable, Executor executor) public static CompletableFuture supplyAsync(Supplier supplier)
public static CompletableFuture supplyAsync(Supplier supplier, Executor executor)
runAsync不支持返回值
supplyAsync支持返回值
入参
Runnable
@FunctionalInterface
public interface Runnable {
public abstract void run();
}Supplier
@FunctionalInterface
public interface Supplier {
T get();
} executor
executor参数指定使用的线程池，没有指定会使用ForkJoinPool.commonPool() 作为它的线程池执行异步代码
异步执行代码举例
Future.submit
通常的线程池接口类ExecutorService，其中execute方法的返回值是void，即无法获取异步任务的执行状态，3个重载的submit方法的返回值是Future，可以据此获取任务执行的状态和结果，示例如下：
@Test
public void test3() throws Exception {
// 创建异步执行任务:
ExecutorService executorService= Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
Future cf = executorService.submit(()->{
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+" start,time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
try {
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
}
if(false){
throw new RuntimeException("test");
}else{
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+" exit,time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
return 1.2;
}
});
System.out.println("main thread start,time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
//等待子任务执行完成,如果已完成则直接返回结果
//如果执行任务异常，则get方法会把之前捕获的异常重新抛出
System.out.println("run result->"+cf.get());
System.out.println("main thread exit,time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
} 运行结果
main thread start,time->1668565853163
Thread[pool-1-thread-1,5,main] start,time->1668565853163
Thread[pool-1-thread-1,5,main] exit,time->1668565855163
run result->1.2
main thread exit,time->1668565855164
从结果来看，主线程和子线程同时执行，然后主线程休眠等待子线程执行完成，子线程执行完成后唤醒主线程，主线程获取任务执行结果，这里面线程没有结束掉
System.out.println("run result->" + cf.get());如果把这一行注释掉
main thread start,time->1668569085345
main thread exit,time->1668569085345
Thread[pool-1-thread-1,5,main] start,time->1668569085345
代码正常执行
我的理解：就是如果主线程获取子线程的执行结果的话，主线程会进行等待子线程任务执行结束，如果子线程任务结束之后，会唤醒主线程继续执行，如果子线程中抛出异常，然后修改任务的状态为异常并唤醒主线程，get方法判断任务状态变更，抛出异常，，可参考《Java8 AbstractExecutorService 和 FutureTask 源码解析》中FutureTask的实现。
将上述用例中if(false)改成if(true) ，执行结果如下：
main thread start,time->1668571145985
Thread[pool-1-thread-1,5,main] start,time->1668571145985
Exception in thread "main" java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: java.lang.RuntimeException: test
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.report(FutureTask.java:122)
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.get(FutureTask.java:192)
at com.hihonor.sms.admin.biz.Test01.main(Test01.java:34)
Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: test
at com.hihonor.sms.admin.biz.Test01.lambda$main$0(Test01.java:25)
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:266)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)supplyAsync / runAsync
supplyAsync表示创建带返回值的异步任务的，相当于ExecutorService submit(Callable
如果对无返回值的任务进行get方法，得到的结果是null
public static CompletableFuture supplyAsync(Supplier supplier)
@Test
public void test2() throws Exception {
// 创建异步执行任务，有返回值
CompletableFuture cf = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(()->{
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+" start,time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
try {
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
}
if(true){
throw new RuntimeException("test");
}else{
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+" exit,time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
return 1.2;
}
});
System.out.println("main thread start,time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
//等待子任务执行完成
System.out.println("run result->"+cf.get());
System.out.println("main thread exit,time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
}
@Test
public void test4() throws Exception {
// 创建异步执行任务，无返回值
CompletableFuture cf = CompletableFuture.runAsync(()->{
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+" start,time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
try {
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
}
if(false){
throw new RuntimeException("test");
}else{
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+" exit,time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
}
});
System.out.println("main thread start,time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
//等待子任务执行完成
System.out.println("run result->"+cf.get());
System.out.println("main thread exit,time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
} public static CompletableFuture supplyAsync(Supplier supplier, Executor executor)
@Test
public void test2() throws Exception {
ForkJoinPool pool=new ForkJoinPool();
// 创建异步执行任务:
CompletableFuture cf = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(()->{
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+" start,time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
try {
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
}
if(true){
throw new RuntimeException("test");
}else{
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+" exit,time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
return 1.2;
}
},pool);
System.out.println("main thread start,time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
//等待子任务执行完成
System.out.println("run result->"+cf.get());
System.out.println("main thread exit,time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
}
@Test
public void test4() throws Exception {
ExecutorService executorService= Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
// 创建异步执行任务:
CompletableFuture cf = CompletableFuture.runAsync(()->{
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+" start,time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
try {
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
}
if(false){
throw new RuntimeException("test");
}else{
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+" exit,time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
}
},executorService);
System.out.println("main thread start,time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
//等待子任务执行完成
System.out.println("run result->"+cf.get());
System.out.println("main thread exit,time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
} 异步回调
thenApply / thenApplyAsync
public CompletableFuture thenApply(Function fn)
public CompletableFuture thenApplyAsync(Function fn)
public CompletableFuture thenApplyAsync(Function fn, Executor executor)
thenApply 表示某个任务执行完成后执行的动作，即回调方法，会将该任务的执行结果即方法返回值作为入参传递到回调方法中，测试用例如下：
@Test
public void test5() throws Exception {
ForkJoinPool pool=new ForkJoinPool();
// 创建异步执行任务:
CompletableFuture cf = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(()->{
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+" start job1,time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
try {
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+" exit job1,time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
return 1.2;
},pool);
//cf关联的异步任务的返回值作为方法入参，传入到thenApply的方法中
//thenApply这里实际创建了一个新的CompletableFuture实例
CompletableFuture cf2=cf.thenApply((result)->{
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+" start job2,time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
try {
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+" exit job2,time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
return "test:"+result;
});
System.out.println("main thread start cf.get(),time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
//等待子任务执行完成
System.out.println("run result->"+cf.get());
System.out.println("main thread start cf2.get(),time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
System.out.println("run result->"+cf2.get());
System.out.println("main thread exit,time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
} 其执行结果如下：
Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-1,5,main] start job1,time->1668570856694
main thread start cf.get(),time->1668570856694
Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-1,5,main] exit job1,time->1668570858705
Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-1,5,main] start job2,time->1668570858705
run result->1.2
main thread start cf2.get(),time->1668570858706
Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-1,5,main] exit job2,time->1668570860717
run result->test:1.2
main thread exit,time->1668570860717
Process finished with exit code 0job1执行结束后，将job1的方法返回值作为入参传递到job2中并立即执行job2。thenApplyAsync与thenApply的区别在于，前者是将job2提交到线程池中异步执行，实际执行job2的线程可能是另外一个线程，后者是由执行job1的线程立即执行job2，即两个job都是同一个线程执行的。将上述测试用例中thenApply改成thenApplyAsync后，执行结果如下：
Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-1,5,main] start job1,time->1668572092409
main thread start cf.get(),time->1668572092409
Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-1,5,main] exit job1,time->1668572094421
Thread[ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-1,5,main] start job2,time->1668572094422
run result->1.2
main thread start cf2.get(),time->1668572094424
Thread[ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-1,5,main] exit job2,time->1668572096425
run result->test:1.2
main thread exit,time->1668572096425
Process finished with exit code 0从输出可知，执行job1和job2是两个不同的线程。
特别声明：
thenApplyAsync有一个重载版本，可以指定执行异步任务的Executor实现，如果不指定，默认使用ForkJoinPool.commonPool()。 下述的多个方法，每个方法都有两个以Async结尾的方法，一个使用默认的Executor实现，一个使用指定的Executor实现，不带Async的方法是由触发该任务的线程执行该任务，带Async的方法是由触发该任务的线程将任务提交到线程池，执行任务的线程跟触发任务的线程不一定是同一个。
thenAccept / thenRun
public CompletionStage
thenAccept(Consumer action);
public CompletionStagethenAcceptAsync(Consumer action);
public CompletionStagethenAcceptAsync(Consumer action,Executor executor);
public CompletionStage
thenRun(Runnable action);
public CompletionStagethenRunAsync(Runnable action);
public CompletionStagethenRunAsync(Runnable action,Executor executor);
thenAccept 同 thenApply 接收上一个任务的返回值作为参数，但是无返回值；thenRun 的方法没有入参，也没有返回值，测试用例如下：
@Test
public void test6() throws Exception {
ForkJoinPool pool=new ForkJoinPool();
// 创建异步执行任务:
CompletableFuture cf = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(()->{
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+" start job1,time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
try {
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+" exit job1,time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
return 1.2;
},pool);
//cf关联的异步任务的返回值作为方法入参，传入到thenApply的方法中
CompletableFuture cf2=cf.thenApply((result)->{
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+" start job2,time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
try {
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+" exit job2,time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
return "test:"+result;
}).thenAccept((result)-> { //接收上一个任务的执行结果作为入参，但是没有返回值
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+" start job3,time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
try {
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
}
System.out.println(result);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+" exit job3,time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
}).thenRun(()->{ //无入参，也没有返回值
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+" start job4,time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
try {
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
}
System.out.println("thenRun do something");
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+" exit job4,time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
});
System.out.println("main thread start cf.get(),time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
//等待子任务执行完成
System.out.println("run result->"+cf.get());
System.out.println("main thread start cf2.get(),time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
//cf2 等待最后一个thenRun执行完成
System.out.println("run result->"+cf2.get());
System.out.println("main thread exit,time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
} 执行结果：
Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-1,5,main] start job1,time->1668572538028
main thread start cf.get(),time->1668572538029
Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-1,5,main] exit job1,time->1668572540043
Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-1,5,main] start job2,time->1668572540043
run result->1.2
main thread start cf2.get(),time->1668572540044
Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-1,5,main] exit job2,time->1668572542050
Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-1,5,main] start job3,time->1668572542050
test:1.2
Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-1,5,main] exit job3,time->1668572544056
Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-1,5,main] start job4,time->1668572544056
thenRun do something
Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-1,5,main] exit job4,time->1668572546062
run result->null
main thread exit,time->1668572546062
Process finished with exit code 0exceptionally
exceptionally方法指定某个任务执行异常时执行的回调方法，会将抛出异常作为参数传递到回调方法中，如果该任务正常执行则会exceptionally方法返回的CompletionStage的result就是该任务正常执行的结果，测试用例如下：
@Test
public void test2() throws Exception {
ForkJoinPool pool=new ForkJoinPool();
// 创建异步执行任务:
CompletableFuture cf = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(()->{
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+"job1 start,time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
try {
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
}
if(true){
throw new RuntimeException("test");
}else{
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+"job1 exit,time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
return 1.2;
}
},pool);
//cf执行异常时，将抛出的异常作为入参传递给回调方法
CompletableFuture cf2= cf.exceptionally((param)->{
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+" start,time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
try {
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
}
System.out.println("error stack trace->");
param.printStackTrace();
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+" exit,time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
return -1.1;
});
//cf正常执行时执行的逻辑，如果执行异常则不调用此逻辑
CompletableFuture cf3=cf.thenAccept((param)->{
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+"job2 start,time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
try {
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
}
System.out.println("param->"+param);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+"job2 exit,time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
});
System.out.println("main thread start,time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
//等待子任务执行完成,此处无论是job2和job3都可以实现job2退出，主线程才退出，如果是cf，则主线程不会等待job2执行完成自动退出了
//cf2.get时，没有异常，但是依然有返回值，就是cf的返回值
System.out.println("run result->"+cf2.get());
System.out.println("main thread exit,time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
} 执行结果：
Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-1,5,main]job1 start,time->1668582952115
main thread start,time->1668582952115
Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-1,5,main] start,time->1668582954129
error stack trace->
Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-1,5,main] exit,time->1668582956139
run result->-1.1
main thread exit,time->1668582956140
java.util.concurrent.CompletionException: java.lang.RuntimeException: test
at java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture.encodeThrowable(CompletableFuture.java:273)
at java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture.completeThrowable(CompletableFuture.java:280)
at java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture$AsyncSupply.run(CompletableFuture.java:1592)
at java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture$AsyncSupply.exec(CompletableFuture.java:1582)
at java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinTask.doExec(ForkJoinTask.java:289)
at java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinPool$WorkQueue.runTask(ForkJoinPool.java:1056)
at java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinPool.runWorker(ForkJoinPool.java:1692)
at java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinWorkerThread.run(ForkJoinWorkerThread.java:157)
Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: test
at com.hihonor.sms.admin.biz.Test01.lambda$main$0(Test01.java:25)
at java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture$AsyncSupply.run(CompletableFuture.java:1590)
... 5 more
Process finished with exit code 0抛出异常后，只有cf2执行了，cf3没有执行。将上述示例中的if(true) 改成if(false)，其输出如下：
Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-1,5,main]job1 start,time->1668583176497
main thread start,time->1668583176497
Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-1,5,main]job1 exit,time->1668583178510
Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-1,5,main]job2 start,time->1668583178510
param->1.2
Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-1,5,main]job2 exit,time->1668583180519
run result->1.2
main thread exit,time->1668583180519
Process finished with exit code 0cf2没有指定，其result就是cf执行的结果，理论上cf2.get应该立即返回的，此处是等待了cf3，即job2执行完成后才返回
whenComplete
whenComplete是当某个任务执行完成后执行的回调方法，会将执行结果或者执行期间抛出的异常传递给回调方法，如果是正常执行则异常为null，回调方法对应的CompletableFuture的result和该任务一致，如果该任务正常执行，则get方法返回执行结果，如果是执行异常，则get方法抛出异常。测试用例如下：
@Test
public void test10() throws Exception {
// 创建异步执行任务:
CompletableFuture cf = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(()->{
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+"job1 start,time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
try {
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
}
if(false){
throw new RuntimeException("test");
}else{
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+"job1 exit,time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
return 1.2;
}
});
//cf执行完成后会将执行结果和执行过程中抛出的异常传入回调方法，如果是正常执行的则传入的异常为null
CompletableFuture cf2=cf.whenComplete((a,b)->{
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+"job2 start,time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
try {
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
}
if(b!=null){
System.out.println("error stack trace->");
b.printStackTrace();
}else{
System.out.println("run succ,result->"+a);
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+"job2 exit,time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
});
//等待子任务执行完成
System.out.println("main thread start wait,time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
//如果cf是正常执行的，cf2.get的结果就是cf执行的结果
//如果cf是执行异常，则cf2.get会抛出异常
System.out.println("run result->"+cf2.get());
System.out.println("main thread exit,time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
} 执行结果如下：
将上述示例中的if(false) 改成if(true)，其输出如下：
handle
跟whenComplete基本一致，区别在于handle的回调方法有返回值，且handle方法返回的CompletableFuture的result是回调方法的执行结果或者回调方法执行期间抛出的异常，与原始CompletableFuture的result无关了。测试用例如下：
@Test
public void test10() throws Exception {
// 创建异步执行任务:
CompletableFuture cf = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(()->{
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+"job1 start,time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
try {
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
}
if(true){
throw new RuntimeException("test");
}else{
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+"job1 exit,time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
return 1.2;
}
});
//cf执行完成后会将执行结果和执行过程中抛出的异常传入回调方法，如果是正常执行的则传入的异常为null
CompletableFuture cf2=cf.handle((a,b)->{
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+"job2 start,time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
try {
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
}
if(b!=null){
System.out.println("error stack trace->");
b.printStackTrace();
}else{
System.out.println("run succ,result->"+a);
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+"job2 exit,time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
if(b!=null){
return "run error";
}else{
return "run succ";
}
});
//等待子任务执行完成
System.out.println("main thread start wait,time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
//get的结果是cf2的返回值，跟cf没关系了
System.out.println("run result->"+cf2.get());
System.out.println("main thread exit,time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
} 其执行结果如下：
将上述示例中的if(true) 改成if(false)，其输出如下：
组合处理
thenCombine / thenAcceptBoth / runAfterBoth
这三个方法都是将两个CompletableFuture组合起来，只有这两个都正常执行完了才会执行某个任务，区别在于，thenCombine会将两个任务的执行结果作为方法入参传递到指定方法中，且该方法有返回值；thenAcceptBoth同样将两个任务的执行结果作为方法入参，但是无返回值；runAfterBoth没有入参，也没有返回值。注意两个任务中只要有一个执行异常，则将该异常信息作为指定任务的执行结果。测试用例如下：
@Test
public void test7() throws Exception {
ForkJoinPool pool=new ForkJoinPool();
// 创建异步执行任务:
CompletableFuture cf = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(()->{
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+" start job1,time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
try {
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+" exit job1,time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
return 1.2;
});
CompletableFuture cf2 = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(()->{
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+" start job2,time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
try {
Thread.sleep(1500);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+" exit job2,time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
return 3.2;
});
//cf和cf2的异步任务都执行完成后，会将其执行结果作为方法入参传递给cf3,且有返回值
CompletableFuture cf3=cf.thenCombine(cf2,(a,b)->{
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+" start job3,time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
System.out.println("job3 param a->"+a+",b->"+b);
try {
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+" exit job3,time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
return a+b;
});
//cf和cf2的异步任务都执行完成后，会将其执行结果作为方法入参传递给cf3,无返回值
CompletableFuture cf4=cf.thenAcceptBoth(cf2,(a,b)->{
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+" start job4,time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
System.out.println("job4 param a->"+a+",b->"+b);
try {
Thread.sleep(1500);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+" exit job4,time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
});
//cf4和cf3都执行完成后，执行cf5，无入参，无返回值
CompletableFuture cf5=cf4.runAfterBoth(cf3,()->{
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+" start job5,time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
}
System.out.println("cf5 do something");
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+" exit job5,time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
});
System.out.println("main thread start cf.get(),time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
//等待子任务执行完成
System.out.println("cf run result->"+cf.get());
System.out.println("main thread start cf5.get(),time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
System.out.println("cf5 run result->"+cf5.get());
System.out.println("main thread exit,time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
} 其运行结果如下：
job1 和 job2几乎同时运行，job2比job1先执行完成，等job1退出后，job3和job4几乎同时开始运行，job4先退出，等job3执行完成，job5开始了，等job5执行完成后，主线程退出。
applyToEither / acceptEither / runAfterEither
这三个方法都是将两个CompletableFuture组合起来，只要其中一个执行完了就会执行某个任务，其区别在于applyToEither会将已经执行完成的任务的执行结果作为方法入参，并有返回值；acceptEither同样将已经执行完成的任务的执行结果作为方法入参，但是没有返回值；runAfterEither没有方法入参，也没有返回值。注意两个任务中只要有一个执行异常，则将该异常信息作为指定任务的执行结果。测试用例如下：
@Test
public void test8() throws Exception {
// 创建异步执行任务:
CompletableFuture cf = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(()->{
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+" start job1,time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
try {
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+" exit job1,time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
return 1.2;
});
CompletableFuture cf2 = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(()->{
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+" start job2,time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
try {
Thread.sleep(1500);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+" exit job2,time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
return 3.2;
});
//cf和cf2的异步任务都执行完成后，会将其执行结果作为方法入参传递给cf3,且有返回值
CompletableFuture cf3=cf.applyToEither(cf2,(result)->{
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+" start job3,time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
System.out.println("job3 param result->"+result);
try {
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+" exit job3,time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
return result;
});
//cf和cf2的异步任务都执行完成后，会将其执行结果作为方法入参传递给cf3,无返回值
CompletableFuture cf4=cf.acceptEither(cf2,(result)->{
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+" start job4,time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
System.out.println("job4 param result->"+result);
try {
Thread.sleep(1500);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+" exit job4,time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
});
//cf4和cf3都执行完成后，执行cf5，无入参，无返回值
CompletableFuture cf5=cf4.runAfterEither(cf3,()->{
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+" start job5,time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
}
System.out.println("cf5 do something");
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+" exit job5,time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
});
System.out.println("main thread start cf.get(),time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
//等待子任务执行完成
System.out.println("cf run result->"+cf.get());
System.out.println("main thread start cf5.get(),time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
System.out.println("cf5 run result->"+cf5.get());
System.out.println("main thread exit,time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
} 其运行结果如下：
job1 和job2 同时开始运行，job2先执行完成，然后job4开始执行，理论上job3和job4应该同时开始运行，但是此时只有job4开始执行了，job3是等待job1执行完成后才开始执行，job4先于job3执行完成，然后job5开始执行，等job5执行完成后，主线程退出。上述差异且到下篇源码分析时再做探讨。
thenCompose
thenCompose方法会在某个任务执行完成后，将该任务的执行结果作为方法入参然后执行指定的方法，该方法会返回一个新的CompletableFuture实例，如果该CompletableFuture实例的result不为null，则返回一个基于该result的新的CompletableFuture实例；如果该CompletableFuture实例为null，则，然后执行这个新任务，测试用例如下：
@Test
public void test9() throws Exception {
// 创建异步执行任务:
CompletableFuture cf = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(()->{
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+" start job1,time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
try {
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+" exit job1,time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
return 1.2;
});
CompletableFuture cf2= cf.thenCompose((param)->{
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+" start job2,time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
try {
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+" exit job2,time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
return CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(()->{
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+" start job3,time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
try {
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+" exit job3,time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
return "job3 test";
});
});
System.out.println("main thread start cf.get(),time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
//等待子任务执行完成
System.out.println("cf run result->"+cf.get());
System.out.println("main thread start cf2.get(),time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
System.out.println("cf2 run result->"+cf2.get());
System.out.println("main thread exit,time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
} 其输出如下：
job1执行完成后job2开始执行，等job2执行完成后会把job3返回，然后执行job3，等job3执行完成后，主线程退出。
allOf / anyOf
allOf返回的CompletableFuture是多个任务都执行完成后才会执行，只有有一个任务执行异常，则返回的CompletableFuture执行get方法时会抛出异常，如果都是正常执行，则get返回null。
@Test
public void test11() throws Exception {
// 创建异步执行任务:
CompletableFuture cf = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(()->{
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+" start job1,time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
try {
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+" exit job1,time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
return 1.2;
});
CompletableFuture cf2 = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(()->{
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+" start job2,time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
try {
Thread.sleep(1500);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+" exit job2,time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
return 3.2;
});
CompletableFuture cf3 = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(()->{
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+" start job3,time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
try {
Thread.sleep(1300);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
}
// throw new RuntimeException("test");
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+" exit job3,time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
return 2.2;
});
//allof等待所有任务执行完成才执行cf4，如果有一个任务异常终止，则cf4.get时会抛出异常，都是正常执行，cf4.get返回null
//anyOf是只有一个任务执行完成，无论是正常执行或者执行异常，都会执行cf4，cf4.get的结果就是已执行完成的任务的执行结果
CompletableFuture cf4=CompletableFuture.allOf(cf,cf2,cf3).whenComplete((a,b)->{
if(b!=null){
System.out.println("error stack trace->");
b.printStackTrace();
}else{
System.out.println("run succ,result->"+a);
}
});
System.out.println("main thread start cf4.get(),time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
//等待子任务执行完成
System.out.println("cf4 run result->"+cf4.get());
System.out.println("main thread exit,time->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
} 其输出如下： 
主线程等待最后一个job1执行完成后退出。anyOf返回的CompletableFuture是多个任务只要其中一个执行完成就会执行，其get返回的是已经执行完成的任务的执行结果，如果该任务执行异常，则抛出异常。将上述测试用例中allOf改成anyOf后，其输出如下：
