首先使用HttpClient发送请求、接收响应,一般需要以下步骤。
HttpGet请求响应的一般步骤:
1). 创建HttpClient
对象,可以使用HttpClients.createDefault()
;
2). 如果是无参数的GET请求,则直接使用构造方法HttpGet(String url)
创建HttpGet
对象即可;
如果是带参数GET请求,则可以先使用URIBuilder(String url)
创建对象,再调用addParameter(String param, String value)
,或setParameter(String param, String value)
来设置请求参数,并调用build()方法构建一个URI对象。只有构造方法HttpGet(URI uri)
来创建HttpGet对象。
3). 创建HttpResponse
,调用HttpClient
对象的execute(HttpUriRequest request)
发送请求,该方法返回一个HttpResponse
。调用HttpResponse
的getAllHeaders()、getHeaders(String name)
等方法可获取服务器的响应头;调用HttpResponse
的getEntity()
方法可获取HttpEntity对象,该对象包装了服务器的响应内容。程序可通过该对象获取服务器的响应内容。通过调用getStatusLine().getStatusCode()
可以获取响应状态码。
4). 释放连接。
HttpPost请求响应的一般步骤:
1). 创建HttpClient
对象,可以使用HttpClients.createDefault()
;
2). 如果是无参数的GET请求,则直接使用构造方法HttpPost(String url)
创建HttpPost
对象即可;
如果是带参数POST请求,先构建HttpEntity对象并设置请求参数,然后调用setEntity(HttpEntity entity)创建HttpPost对象。
3). 创建HttpResponse
,调用HttpClient
对象的execute(HttpUriRequest request)
发送请求,该方法返回一个HttpResponse
。调用HttpResponse
的getAllHeaders()、getHeaders(String name)
等方法可获取服务器的响应头;调用HttpResponse
的getEntity()
方法可获取HttpEntity对象,该对象包装了服务器的响应内容。程序可通过该对象获取服务器的响应内容。通过调用getStatusLine().getStatusCode()
可以获取响应状态码。
4). 释放连接。
具体实现:
构建一个Maven项目,引入如下依赖
org.apache.httpcomponents httpclient 4.3.5 org.slf4j slf4j-log4j12 1.7.7 org.apache.commons commons-io 1.3.2
/**
*普通的GET请求
*/
public class DoGET {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// 创建Httpclient对象
CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
// 创建http GET请求
HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet("http://www.baidu.com");
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
try {
// 执行请求
response = httpclient.execute(httpGet);
// 判断返回状态是否为200
if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200) {
//请求体内容
String content = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "UTF-8");
//内容写入文件
FileUtils.writeStringToFile(new File("E:\\devtest\\baidu.html"), content, "UTF-8");
System.out.println("内容长度:"+content.length());
}
} finally {
if (response != null) {
response.close();
}
//相当于关闭浏览器
httpclient.close();
}
}
}
import java.io.File;
import java.net.URI;
import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.utils.URIBuilder;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
/**
* 带参数的GET请求
* 两种方式:
* 1.直接将参数拼接到url后面 如:?wd=java
* 2.使用URI的方法设置参数 setParameter("wd", "java")
*/
public class DoGETParam {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// 创建Httpclient对象
CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
// 定义请求的参数
URI uri = new URIBuilder("http://www.baidu.com/s").setParameter("wd", "java").build();
// 创建http GET请求
HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(uri);
//response 对象
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
try {
// 执行http get请求
response = httpclient.execute(httpGet);
// 判断返回状态是否为200
if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200) {
String content = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "UTF-8");
//内容写入文件
FileUtils.writeStringToFile(new File("E:\\devtest\\baidu-param.html"), content, "UTF-8");
System.out.println("内容长度:"+content.length());
}
} finally {
if (response != null) {
response.close();
}
httpclient.close();
}
}
}
import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import java.io.File;
/**
* 常规post请求
* 可以设置Header来伪装浏览器请求
*/
public class DoPOST {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// 创建Httpclient对象
CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
// 创建http POST请求
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost("http://www.oschina.net/");
//伪装浏览器请求
httpPost.setHeader("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/56.0.2924.87 Safari/537.36");
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
try {
// 执行请求
response = httpclient.execute(httpPost);
// 判断返回状态是否为200
if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200) {
String content = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "UTF-8");
//内容写入文件
FileUtils.writeStringToFile(new File("E:\\devtest\\oschina.html"), content, "UTF-8");
System.out.println("内容长度:"+content.length());
}
} finally {
if (response != null) {
response.close();
}
httpclient.close();
}
}
}
import java.io.File;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
/**
* 带有参数的Post请求
* NameValuePair
*/
public class DoPOSTParam {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// 创建Httpclient对象
CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
// 创建http POST请求
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost("http://www.oschina.net/search");
// 设置2个post参数,一个是scope、一个是q
List parameters = new ArrayList(0);
parameters.add(new BasicNameValuePair("scope", "project"));
parameters.add(new BasicNameValuePair("q", "java"));
// 构造一个form表单式的实体
UrlEncodedFormEntity formEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(parameters);
// 将请求实体设置到httpPost对象中
httpPost.setEntity(formEntity);
//伪装浏览器
httpPost.setHeader("User-Agent",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/56.0.2924.87 Safari/537.36");
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
try {
// 执行请求
response = httpclient.execute(httpPost);
// 判断返回状态是否为200
if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200) {
String content = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "UTF-8");
//内容写入文件
FileUtils.writeStringToFile(new File("E:\\devtest\\oschina-param.html"), content, "UTF-8");
System.out.println("内容长度:"+content.length());
}
} finally {
if (response != null) {
response.close();
}
httpclient.close();
}
}
}