实验环境
阿里云主机：CentOS 7.4 （64位）
主机配置：2核8G （抢占式实例，0.07元/每小时）
1、查看Linux操作系统信息（使用常用的各种命令）
[root@iZ8vb1ut8fdqv17chxclgkZ ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 (Core)
[root@iZ8vb1ut8fdqv17chxclgkZ ~]# uname -r
3.10.0-693.2.2.el7.x86_64
[root@iZ8vb1ut8fdqv17chxclgkZ ~]# cat /proc/version
Linux version 3.10.0-693.2.2.el7.x86_64 ([email protected]) (gcc version 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-16) (GCC) ) #1 SMP Tue Sep 12 22:26:13 UTC 2017
[root@iZ8vb1ut8fdqv17chxclgkZ ~]# lsb_release -a
LSB Version: :core-4.1-amd64:core-4.1-noarch
Distributor ID: CentOS
Description: CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 (Core)
Release: 7.4.1708
Codename: Core
[root@iZ8vb1ut8fdqv17chxclgkZ ~]# cat /etc/issue
\S
Kernel \r on an \m
[root@iZ8vb1ut8fdqv17chxclgkZ ~]#
2、安装Docker
[root@iZ8vb1ut8fdqv17chxclgkZ ~]# yum install -y docker
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
epel | 5.3 kB 00:00:00
extras | 2.9 kB 00:00:00
updates | 2.9 kB 00:00:00
(1/5): epel/x86_64/group_gz | 95 kB 00:00:00
(2/5): extras/7/x86_64/primary_db | 164 kB 00:00:00
(3/5): epel/x86_64/updateinfo | 1.0 MB 00:00:00
(4/5): epel/x86_64/primary_db | 6.7 MB 00:00:00
(5/5): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db | 7.5 MB 00:00:00
Determining fastest mirrors
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
Installed:
docker.x86_64 2:1.13.1-109.gitcccb291.el7.centos
Dependency Installed:
PyYAML.x86_64 0:3.10-11.el7 atomic-registries.x86_64 1:1.22.1-29.gitb507039.el7 audit-libs-python.x86_64 0:2.8.5-4.el7 checkpolicy.x86_64 0:2.5-8.el7
container-selinux.noarch 2:2.107-3.el7 container-storage-setup.noarch 0:0.11.0-2.git5eaf76c.el7 containers-common.x86_64 1:0.1.37-3.el7.centos device-mapper-event.x86_64 7:1.02.158-2.el7_7.2
device-mapper-event-libs.x86_64 7:1.02.158-2.el7_7.2 device-mapper-persistent-data.x86_64 0:0.8.5-1.el7 docker-client.x86_64 2:1.13.1-109.gitcccb291.el7.centos docker-common.x86_64 2:1.13.1-109.gitcccb291.el7.centos
libaio.x86_64 0:0.3.109-13.el7 libcgroup.x86_64 0:0.41-21.el7 libsemanage-python.x86_64 0:2.5-14.el7 libyaml.x86_64 0:0.1.4-11.el7_0
lvm2.x86_64 7:2.02.185-2.el7_7.2 lvm2-libs.x86_64 7:2.02.185-2.el7_7.2 oci-register-machine.x86_64 1:0-6.git2b44233.el7 oci-systemd-hook.x86_64 1:0.2.0-1.git05e6923.el7_6
oci-umount.x86_64 2:2.5-3.el7 policycoreutils-python.x86_64 0:2.5-33.el7 python-IPy.noarch 0:0.75-6.el7 python-pytoml.noarch 0:0.1.14-1.git7dea353.el7
setools-libs.x86_64 0:3.3.8-4.el7 subscription-manager-rhsm-certificates.x86_64 0:1.24.13-4.el7.centos yajl.x86_64 0:2.0.4-4.el7
Dependency Updated:
audit.x86_64 0:2.8.5-4.el7 audit-libs.x86_64 0:2.8.5-4.el7 device-mapper.x86_64 7:1.02.158-2.el7_7.2 device-mapper-libs.x86_64 7:1.02.158-2.el7_7.2 libsemanage.x86_64 0:2.5-14.el7 policycoreutils.x86_64 0:2.5-33.el7
selinux-policy.noarch 0:3.13.1-252.el7_7.6 selinux-policy-targeted.noarch 0:3.13.1-252.el7_7.6
Complete!
[root@iZ8vb1ut8fdqv17chxclgkZ ~]#
3、启动Docker
[root@iZ8vb1ut8fdqv17chxclgkZ ~]# systemctl start docker
[root@iZ8vb1ut8fdqv17chxclgkZ ~]# systemctl enable docker
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/docker.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service.
[root@iZ8vb1ut8fdqv17chxclgkZ ~]# systemctl status docker
● docker.service - Docker Application Container Engine
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Fri 2020-03-20 19:47:53 CST; 22s ago
Docs: http://docs.docker.com
Main PID: 2000 (dockerd-current)
CGroup: /system.slice/docker.service
├─2000 /usr/bin/dockerd-current --add-runtime docker-runc=/usr/libexec/docker/docker-runc-current --default-runtime=docker-runc --exec-opt native.cgroupdriver=systemd --userland-proxy-path=/usr/libexec/docker/docker-proxy-current --init-path=...
└─2006 /usr/bin/docker-containerd-current -l unix:///var/run/docker/libcontainerd/docker-containerd.sock --metrics-interval=0 --start-timeout 2m --state-dir /var/run/docker/libcontainerd/containerd --shim docker-containerd-shim --runtime dock...
Mar 20 19:47:53 iZ8vb1ut8fdqv17chxclgkZ dockerd-current[2000]: time="2020-03-20T19:47:53.627133923+08:00" level=warning msg="Docker could not enable SELinux on the host system"
Mar 20 19:47:53 iZ8vb1ut8fdqv17chxclgkZ dockerd-current[2000]: time="2020-03-20T19:47:53.654806116+08:00" level=info msg="Graph migration to content-addressability took 0.00 seconds"
Mar 20 19:47:53 iZ8vb1ut8fdqv17chxclgkZ dockerd-current[2000]: time="2020-03-20T19:47:53.655352429+08:00" level=info msg="Loading containers: start."
Mar 20 19:47:53 iZ8vb1ut8fdqv17chxclgkZ dockerd-current[2000]: time="2020-03-20T19:47:53.702315029+08:00" level=info msg="Firewalld running: false"
Mar 20 19:47:53 iZ8vb1ut8fdqv17chxclgkZ dockerd-current[2000]: time="2020-03-20T19:47:53.775269517+08:00" level=info msg="Default bridge (docker0) is assigned with an IP address 172.17.0.0/16. Daemon option --bip can be used to set a preferred IP address"
Mar 20 19:47:53 iZ8vb1ut8fdqv17chxclgkZ dockerd-current[2000]: time="2020-03-20T19:47:53.823104888+08:00" level=info msg="Loading containers: done."
Mar 20 19:47:53 iZ8vb1ut8fdqv17chxclgkZ dockerd-current[2000]: time="2020-03-20T19:47:53.833924962+08:00" level=info msg="Daemon has completed initialization"
Mar 20 19:47:53 iZ8vb1ut8fdqv17chxclgkZ dockerd-current[2000]: time="2020-03-20T19:47:53.833945271+08:00" level=info msg="Docker daemon" commit="cccb291/1.13.1" graphdriver=overlay2 version=1.13.1
Mar 20 19:47:53 iZ8vb1ut8fdqv17chxclgkZ systemd[1]: Started Docker Application Container Engine.
Mar 20 19:47:53 iZ8vb1ut8fdqv17chxclgkZ dockerd-current[2000]: time="2020-03-20T19:47:53.846962380+08:00" level=info msg="API listen on /var/run/docker.sock"
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
4、查看Docker版本
[root@iZ8vb1ut8fdqv17chxclgkZ ~]# docker version
Client:
Version: 1.13.1
API version: 1.26
Package version: docker-1.13.1-109.gitcccb291.el7.centos.x86_64
Go version: go1.10.3
Git commit: cccb291/1.13.1
Built: Tue Mar 3 17:21:24 2020
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Server:
Version: 1.13.1
API version: 1.26 (minimum version 1.12)
Package version: docker-1.13.1-109.gitcccb291.el7.centos.x86_64
Go version: go1.10.3
Git commit: cccb291/1.13.1
Built: Tue Mar 3 17:21:24 2020
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Experimental: false
[root@iZ8vb1ut8fdqv17chxclgkZ ~]#
5、配置DaoCloud 加速器
[root@iZ8vb1ut8fdqv17chxclgkZ ~]# cat /etc/docker/daemon.json
{}
[root@iZ8vb1ut8fdqv17chxclgkZ ~]# curl -sSL https://get.daocloud.io/daotools/set_mirror.sh | sh -s http://f1361db2.m.daocloud.io
docker version >= 1.12
{"registry-mirrors": ["http://f1361db2.m.daocloud.io"],}
Success.
You need to restart docker to take effect: sudo systemctl restart docker
[root@iZ8vb1ut8fdqv17chxclgkZ ~]# cat /etc/docker/daemon.json
{"registry-mirrors": ["http://f1361db2.m.daocloud.io"],}
[root@iZ8vb1ut8fdqv17chxclgkZ ~]#
该脚本可以将 --registry-mirror 加入到你的 Docker 配置文件 /etc/docker/daemon.json 中。适用于 Ubuntu14.04、Debian、CentOS6 、CentOS7、Fedora、Arch Linux、openSUSE Leap 42.1，其他版本可能有细微不同。更多详情请访问文档https://www.daocloud.io/mirror#accelerator-doc。
6、下载nginx镜像
[root@iZ8vb1ut8fdqv17chxclgkZ ~]# docker search nginx
INDEX NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
docker.io docker.io/nginx Official build of Nginx. 12840 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/jwilder/nginx-proxy Automated Nginx reverse proxy for docker c... 1754 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/richarvey/nginx-php-fpm Container running Nginx + PHP-FPM capable ... 760 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/linuxserver/nginx An Nginx container, brought to you by Linu... 97
docker.io docker.io/bitnami/nginx Bitnami nginx Docker Image 78 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/tiangolo/nginx-rtmp Docker image with Nginx using the nginx-rt... 64 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/jc21/nginx-proxy-manager Docker container for managing Nginx proxy ... 46
docker.io docker.io/nginxdemos/hello NGINX webserver that serves a simple page ... 42 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/nginx/unit NGINX Unit is a dynamic web and applicatio... 36
docker.io docker.io/jlesage/nginx-proxy-manager Docker container for Nginx Proxy Manager 35 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/nginx/nginx-ingress NGINX Ingress Controller for Kubernetes 28
docker.io docker.io/privatebin/nginx-fpm-alpine PrivateBin running on an Nginx, php-fpm & ... 23 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/schmunk42/nginx-redirect A very simple container to redirect HTTP t... 18 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/blacklabelops/nginx Dockerized Nginx Reverse Proxy Server. 13 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/nginxinc/nginx-unprivileged Unprivileged NGINX Dockerfiles 13
docker.io docker.io/centos/nginx-112-centos7 Platform for running nginx 1.12 or buildin... 12
docker.io docker.io/centos/nginx-18-centos7 Platform for running nginx 1.8 or building... 12
docker.io docker.io/raulr/nginx-wordpress Nginx front-end for the official wordpress... 12 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/nginx/nginx-prometheus-exporter NGINX Prometheus Exporter 9
docker.io docker.io/sophos/nginx-vts-exporter Simple server that scrapes Nginx vts stats... 7 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/mailu/nginx Mailu nginx frontend 6 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/bitnami/nginx-ingress-controller Bitnami Docker Image for NGINX Ingress Con... 4 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/ansibleplaybookbundle/nginx-apb An APB to deploy NGINX 1 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/centos/nginx-110-centos7 Platform for running nginx 1.10 or buildin... 0
docker.io docker.io/wodby/nginx Generic nginx 0 [OK]
[root@iZ8vb1ut8fdqv17chxclgkZ ~]# docker pull nginx
Using default tag: latest
Trying to pull repository docker.io/library/nginx ...
latest: Pulling from docker.io/library/nginx
68ced04f60ab: Pull complete
28252775b295: Pull complete
a616aa3b0bf2: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:2539d4344dd18e1df02be842ffc435f8e1f699cfc55516e2cf2cb16b7a9aea0b
Status: Downloaded newer image for docker.io/nginx:latest
[root@iZ8vb1ut8fdqv17chxclgkZ ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
docker.io/nginx latest 6678c7c2e56c 2 weeks ago 127 MB
[root@iZ8vb1ut8fdqv17chxclgkZ ~]#
7、启动nginx镜像
[root@iZ8vb1ut8fdqv17chxclgkZ ~]# docker run -p 8000:80 --name my_nginx -d nginx
e2fbd26d4a818a532a3d636181f93251000593ebf06d611f45ae0076a6798f49
[root@iZ8vb1ut8fdqv17chxclgkZ ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
e2fbd26d4a81 nginx "nginx -g 'daemon ..." 9 seconds ago Up 9 seconds 0.0.0.0:8000->80/tcp my_nginx
[root@iZ8vb1ut8fdqv17chxclgkZ ~]#
8、通过浏览器访问主机的8000端口
Host主机的8000端口映射到了nginx容器的80端口
9、进入启动了nginx的Docker容器系统
[root@iZ8vb1ut8fdqv17chxclgkZ ~]# docker exec -it my_nginx /bin/bash
root@e2fbd26d4a81:/#
10、查看启动了nginx的Docker容器系统中的操作系统信息
root@e2fbd26d4a81:/# cat /etc/redhat-release
cat: /etc/redhat-release: No such file or directory
root@e2fbd26d4a81:/# uname -r
3.10.0-693.2.2.el7.x86_64
root@e2fbd26d4a81:/# cat /proc/version
Linux version 3.10.0-693.2.2.el7.x86_64 ([email protected]) (gcc version 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-16) (GCC) ) #1 SMP Tue Sep 12 22:26:13 UTC 2017
root@e2fbd26d4a81:/# lsb_release -a
bash: lsb_release: command not found
root@e2fbd26d4a81:/# cat /etc/issue
Debian GNU/Linux 10 \n \l
root@e2fbd26d4a81:/#
进入Docker系统之前的操作系统信息如下
[root@iZ8vb1ut8fdqv17chxclgkZ ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 (Core)
[root@iZ8vb1ut8fdqv17chxclgkZ ~]# uname -r
3.10.0-693.2.2.el7.x86_64
[root@iZ8vb1ut8fdqv17chxclgkZ ~]# cat /proc/version
Linux version 3.10.0-693.2.2.el7.x86_64 ([email protected]) (gcc version 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-16) (GCC) ) #1 SMP Tue Sep 12 22:26:13 UTC 2017
[root@iZ8vb1ut8fdqv17chxclgkZ ~]# lsb_release -a
LSB Version: :core-4.1-amd64:core-4.1-noarch
Distributor ID: CentOS
Description: CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 (Core)
Release: 7.4.1708
Codename: Core
[root@iZ8vb1ut8fdqv17chxclgkZ ~]# cat /etc/issue
\S
Kernel \r on an \m
[root@iZ8vb1ut8fdqv17chxclgkZ ~]#
大家对比一下，能得到什么结论呢？
相信通过这些基本命令，可以帮助你更详细的了解Docker的基本操作方法及原理