2018-07-30 Docker学习 2


layout: post
title: "Docker 学习笔记2"
subtitle: "container and service"
date: 2018-07-27
author: "luyx"
header-img: "img/post-bg-unix-linux.jpg"
tags:
- cloud
- docker


https://docs.docker.com/get-started/part2/#prerequisites

contianers容器

  1. 基本结构
  • Stack
  • Service
  • Containers
  1. Dockerfile
  2. 构建镜像\运行容器
  3. 分发镜像
  4. 常用命令

Dockerfile

1.从Dockerfile定义容器 (自定义容器)
简单概括就是从镜像仓库拉一个可用的运行环境(runtime)基础镜像(如python java tomcat nginx .etc),然后设定运行环境,拷贝应用到容器内相应目录,启动应用的命令行如(tomcat/bin/startup.sh python3 app.py),这些过程均设定在Dockerfile中。

拉取基础镜像如docker pull java:7 默认都是latest 可用的tags参考docker hub

2.基本步骤

  • 创建一个空的目录,用于存放Dockerfile 及生成镜像内容中包含的文件如应用war包,点py,点sh等
  • 创建DockerFIle
#官方给的示例,格式书写参考 
#python 运行 flask 连接redis(redis并没有装)
#first step 指定基础镜像
FROM python:2.7-slim
# 设定工作目录 指的是容器内
WORKDIR /app
# copy 当前文件夹内容 到容器内 根据实际内容拷贝到相应目录
ADD . /app
# 安装依赖包(
RUN pip install --trusted-host pypi.python.org -r requirments.txt
# 开放容器对外端口80
EXPOSE 80
# 定义环境变量
ENV NAME World
# 当容器启动时运行的命令行,用引号和逗号分隔单个命令
CMD ["python","app.py"]

依赖文件
----
#requirements.txt -- 用于python pip安装指定的包
Flask
Redis(python 连接redis库,非redis本身)
----
#app.py
from flask import Flask
from redis import Redis,RedisError
import os
import socket

# Connect to Redis
redis = Redis(host="redis", db=0, socket_connect_timeout=2, socket_timeout=2)

app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route("/")
def hello():
    try:
        visits = redis.incr("counter")
    except RedisError:
        visits = "cannot connect to Redis, counter disabled"

    html = "

Hello {name}!

" \ "Hostname: {hostname}
" \ "Visits: {visits}" return html.format(name=os.getenv("NAME", "world"), hostname=socket.gethostname(), visits=visits) if __name__ == "__main__": app.run(host='0.0.0.0', port=80) ----

构建运行

  • 构建镜像
# 在包含Dockerfile的目录内执行 -t tags 用于指定镜像别名
docker bulid -t friendlyhello 
docker image ls 或docker images 查看创建生成的镜像
  • 访问失败故障排除
1. 在Dockerfile中编辑设置代理 proxy
ENV http_proxy host:port
ENV https_proxy host:port

2. 设置DNS
vi /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
"dns":{"your_dns_address","8.8.8.8"
}
systemctl daemon reload
systemctl restart docker

#重试构建
- 运行app
docker run -d -p 4000:80 friendlyhello
#命令说明 
#-p [host_port]:[container_port] 指定主机容器端口映射 
#friendlyhello 为自己构建镜像名,优先从本地仓库寻找,若找不到则会从默认的docker hub仓库查找并拉取镜像运行 
# -d 后台运行 run the app in the background in detached mode
- 访问浏览器或通过curl http://localhost:4000 查看app运行状态十分正常
- 停止运行 docker container stop 1fa4a (container ID 前几位即可)

分发镜像

  • 为了上载镜像用于分发,首先需要一个docker registry(公有:如Docker hub,私有:自己部署),用于存放镜像仓库的集合。dokcer默认使用公共的registry即docker hub。需要注册一个账号docker hub
  • 为镜像打tag(用于指定版本号)并上传至docker hub仓库
docker login
docker tag image username:repository:tag
docker push username/repostiory:tag

常用命令

  • 基本常用命令如下
docker build -t friendlyhello .  # Create image using this directory's Dockerfile
docker run -p 4000:80 friendlyhello  # Run "friendlyname" mapping port 4000 to 80
docker run -d -p 4000:80 friendlyhello         # Same thing, but in detached mode
docker container ls                                # List all running containers
docker container ls -a             # List all containers, even those not running
docker container stop            # Gracefully stop the specified container
docker container kill          # Force shutdown of the specified container
docker container rm         # Remove specified container from this machine
docker container rm $(docker container ls -a -q)         # Remove all containers
docker image ls -a                             # List all images on this machine
docker image rm             # Remove specified image from this machine
docker image rm $(docker image ls -a -q)   # Remove all images from this machine
docker login             # Log in this CLI session using your Docker credentials
docker tag  username/repository:tag  # Tag  for upload to registry
docker push username/repository:tag            # Upload tagged image to registry
docker run username/repository:tag                   # Run image from a registry

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