012 压缩及解压缩命令

一、gzip & gunzip

gzip 用于压缩文件；gunzip 用于解压缩文件。

• 基本语法：
  gzip 文件 ： 压缩文件，只能将文件压缩为*.gz
  gunzip 文件.gz： 解压缩文件命令
  备注： 压缩或者解压缩后，不会保留源文件。

[root@Hill wangqiang]# ls
cal.txt  dog  link2root  test.txt
[root@Hill wangqiang]# gzip test.txt
[root@Hill wangqiang]# ls
cal.txt  dog  link2root  test.txt.gz
[root@Hill wangqiang]# gunzip test.txt.gz
[root@Hill wangqiang]# ls
cal.txt  dog  link2root  test.txt
[root@Hill wangqiang]#
 

二、 zip & unzip | [常用]

zip 用于压缩文件；unzip 用于解压。

• 基本用法：
  zip [选项] xxx.zip 将要压缩的内容。（功能描述：压缩文件和目录的命令）
  unzip [选项] xxx.zip。 (功能描述：解压缩文件)

• zip 常用选项
  -r ：递归压缩，即压缩目录

• unzip 常用选项
  -d <目录>：指定解压缩后文件的位置

-eg:

## 1. 压缩
[root@Hill wangqiang]# zip -r mypackage.zip  /home/wangqiang/
  adding: home/wangqiang/ (stored 0%)
  adding: home/wangqiang/dog/ (stored 0%)
  adding: home/wangqiang/link2root/ (stored 0%)
  adding: home/wangqiang/link2root/.bash_profile (deflated 21%)
  adding: home/wangqiang/link2root/.oracle_jre_usage/ (stored 0%)
  adding: home/wangqiang/link2root/.oracle_jre_usage/593c6814e38be419.timestamp (stored 0%)
  adding: home/wangqiang/link2root/.ssh/ (stored 0%)
  adding: home/wangqiang/link2root/.ssh/known_hosts (deflated 10%)
  adding: home/wangqiang/link2root/.bashrc (deflated 23%)
  adding: home/wangqiang/link2root/.bash_logout (stored 0%)
  adding: home/wangqiang/link2root/.bash_history (deflated 67%)
  adding: home/wangqiang/test.txt (deflated 30%)
  adding: home/wangqiang/.bash_profile (deflated 21%)
  adding: home/wangqiang/.bashrc (deflated 23%)
  adding: home/wangqiang/.bash_logout (stored 0%)
  adding: home/wangqiang/cal.txt (deflated 30%)
  adding: home/wangqiang/.bash_history (deflated 46%)
[root@Hill wangqiang]# ls
cal.txt  dog  link2root  mypackage.zip  test.txt

## 解压缩到其他文件夹
[root@Hill wangqiang]# unzip -d /opt/tmp mypackage.zip
Archive:  mypackage.zip
   creating: /opt/tmp/home/wangqiang/
   creating: /opt/tmp/home/wangqiang/dog/
   creating: /opt/tmp/home/wangqiang/link2root/
  inflating: /opt/tmp/home/wangqiang/link2root/.bash_profile
   creating: /opt/tmp/home/wangqiang/link2root/.oracle_jre_usage/
 extracting: /opt/tmp/home/wangqiang/link2root/.oracle_jre_usage/593c6814e38be419.timestamp
   creating: /opt/tmp/home/wangqiang/link2root/.ssh/
  inflating: /opt/tmp/home/wangqiang/link2root/.ssh/known_hosts
  inflating: /opt/tmp/home/wangqiang/link2root/.bashrc
 extracting: /opt/tmp/home/wangqiang/link2root/.bash_logout
  inflating: /opt/tmp/home/wangqiang/link2root/.bash_history
  inflating: /opt/tmp/home/wangqiang/test.txt
  inflating: /opt/tmp/home/wangqiang/.bash_profile
  inflating: /opt/tmp/home/wangqiang/.bashrc
 extracting: /opt/tmp/home/wangqiang/.bash_logout
  inflating: /opt/tmp/home/wangqiang/cal.txt
  inflating: /opt/tmp/home/wangqiang/.bash_history
[root@Hill wangqiang]# ls /opt/tmp/
home

三、tar 指令

• tar指令是打包指令，最后打包后的文件是.tar.gz的文件
• 基本语法
  tar [选项] xxx.tar.gz 打包的类容 （功能描述：打包目录，压缩后的格式为.tar.gz）
• 常用选项说明：

1. -c ： 产生.tar打包文件
2. -v ：显示详细信息
3. -f ：指定压缩后的文件名
4. -z：打包同时压缩
5. -x：解包.tar文件

案例说明：

• 案例1:
  压缩多个文件，将/home/a1.txt和 /home/a2.txt 压缩成a.tar.gz

[root@Hill ~]# cd /home/
[root@Hill home]# ls
dog  hill  user0  wangqiang  zwj
[root@Hill home]# touch a1.txt a2.txt
[root@Hill home]# ls
a1.txt  a2.txt  dog  hill  user0  wangqiang  zwj
[root@Hill home]# tar -zcvf a.tar.gz a1.txt a2.txt
a1.txt
a2.txt
[root@Hill home]# ls
a1.txt  a2.txt  a.tar.gz  dog  hill  user0  wangqiang  zwj
[root@Hill home]#

• 案例2:
  将/home的文件夹压缩成myhome.tar.gz

[root@Hill home]# tar -zcvf myhome.tar.gz /home/
[root@Hill home]# ls
a1.txt  a2.txt  a.tar.gz  dog  hill  myhome.tar.gz  user0  wangqiang  zwj
[root@Hill home]#

• 案例3:
  将a.tar.gz 解压到当前文件夹

[root@Hill home]# rm a1.txt a2.txt
[root@Hill home]# ls
a.tar.gz  dog  hill  myhome.tar.gz  user0  wangqiang  zwj
[root@Hill home]# tar -zxvf a.tar.gz
a1.txt
a2.txt
[root@Hill home]# ls
a1.txt  a2.txt  a.tar.gz  dog  hill  myhome.tar.gz  user0  wangqiang  zwj
[root@Hill home]#

• 案例4:
  将myhome.tar.gz解压到opt/tmp目录下

[root@Hill home]# ls /opt/tmp/
[root@Hill home]# clear
[root@Hill home]# ls
a1.txt  a2.txt  a.tar.gz  dog  hill  myhome.tar.gz  user0  wangqiang  zwj
[root@Hill home]# tar -zxvf myhome.tar.gz -C /opt/tmp/
[root@Hill home]# ls /opt/tmp/
home
[root@Hill home]#

备注： 指定解压到某个目录时，目录必须存在。否则会报错

[root@Hill home]# tar -zxvf myhome.tar.gz -C /opt/temmmmmmmmmmmmm
tar: /opt/temmmmmmmmmmmmm：无法 open: 没有那个文件或目录
tar: Error is not recoverable: exiting now