java预定义的哪四种线程池?
四种线程池有什么区别?
上面四种线程池类都继承ThreadPoolExecutor,在创建时都是直接返回new ThreadPoolExecutor(参数),它们的区别是定义的ThreadPoolExecutor(参数)中参数不同,而ThreadPoolExecutor又继承ExecutorService接口类
定义: ExecutorService executorService=Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2);
缺点:使用了LinkBlockQueue的链表型阻塞队列,当任务的堆积速度大于处理速度时,容易堆积任务而导致OOM内存溢出
定义:ExecutorService executorService =Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
上面代码神似new FixedThreadPoop(1),但又有区别,因为外面多了一层FinalizableDelegatedExecutorService,其作用:
可知,fixedExecutorService的本质是ThreadPoolExecutor,所以fixedExecutorService可以强转成ThreadPoolExecutor,但singleExecutorService与ThreadPoolExecutor无任何关系,所以强转失败,故newSingleThreadExecutor()被创建后,无法再修改其线程池参数,真正地做到single单个线程。
缺点:使用了LinkBlockQueue的链表型阻塞队列,当任务的堆积速度大于处理速度时,容易堆积任务而导致OOM内存溢出
定义:ExecutorService executorService=Executors.newCacheThreadPool();
缺点:SynchronousQueue是BlockingQueue的一种实现,它也是一个队列,因为最大线程数为Integer.MAX_VALUE,所有当线程过多时容易OOM内存溢出
定义:ExecutorService executorService=Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(2);
源码: public static ScheduledExecutorService newScheduledThreadPool(int corePoolSize) { //ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor继承ThreadPoolExecutor return new ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(corePoolSize); } public ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize) { //ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor继承ThreadPoolExecutor,故super()会调用ThreadPoolExecutor的构造函数初始化并返回一个ThreadPoolExecutor,而ThreadPoolExecutor使实现ExecutorService接口的 //最终ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor也和上面几种线程池一样返回的是ExecutorService接口的实现类ThreadPoolExecutor super(corePoolSize, Integer.MAX_VALUE, 0, NANOSECONDS, new DelayedWorkQueue()); }
线程池有哪几个重要参数?
ThreadPoolExecutor构造方法如下:
如何自定义线程池
可以使用有界队列,自定义线程创建工厂ThreadFactory和拒绝策略handler来自定义线程池
public class ThreadTest { public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException, IOException { int corePoolSize = 2; int maximumPoolSize = 4; long keepAliveTime = 10; TimeUnit unit = TimeUnit.SECONDS; BlockingQueueworkQueue = new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(2); ThreadFactory threadFactory = new NameTreadFactory(); RejectedExecutionHandler handler = new MyIgnorePolicy(); ThreadPoolExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(corePoolSize, maximumPoolSize, keepAliveTime, unit, workQueue, threadFactory, handler); executor.prestartAllCoreThreads(); // 预启动所有核心线程 for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) { MyTask task = new MyTask(String.valueOf(i)); executor.execute(task); } System.in.read(); //阻塞主线程 } static class NameTreadFactory implements ThreadFactory { private final AtomicInteger mThreadNum = new AtomicInteger(1); @Override public Thread newThread(Runnable r) { Thread t = new Thread(r, "my-thread-" + mThreadNum.getAndIncrement()); System.out.println(t.getName() + " has been created"); return t; } } public static class MyIgnorePolicy implements RejectedExecutionHandler { @Override public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor e) { doLog(r, e); } private void doLog(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor e) { // 可做日志记录等 System.err.println( r.toString() + " rejected"); // System.out.println("completedTaskCount: " + e.getCompletedTaskCount()); } } static class MyTask implements Runnable { private String name; public MyTask(String name) { this.name = name; } @Override public void run() { try { System.out.println(this.toString() + " is running!"); Thread.sleep(3000); //让任务执行慢点 } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } public String getName() { return name; } @Override public String toString() { return "MyTask [name=" + name + "]"; } } }
运行结果:
其中7-10号线程被拒绝策略拒绝了,1、2号线程执行完后,3、6号线程进入核心线程池执行,此时4、5号线程在任务队列等待执行,3、6线程执行完再通知4、5线程执行