Lesson-21
Daniel Mendoza 丹尼尔. 门多萨
一．单词讲解
●1. box v.拳击
①Box sb’s ears ：slap sb’s face 打某人的耳光
②Chinese boxing ：Wushu （Kong fu ）功夫
③Martial art ：武打
④Boxer ：拳击手
⑤Prizefighter ：职业拳击手
▲2.bare ⑴adj. without clothes
①bare hands ：徒手
②bare fists： 赤手空拳
③bare feet ：赤脚
④bare mountain ：光秃秃的山
⑤a house bare of furniture ：不带家具的房子
⑥a shelf bare of books ：空的书架
⑦bare-footed ：赤脚的
⑧bare-headed ：没带帽子的
⑵v. 使赤裸，暴露
①Bare one’s teeth ：get angry with sb 发火
Eg: Don’t bare your teeth at me ! 你别冲我龇牙咧嘴的！
②Bare one’s heart out ：说心里话
③Barely ：很少
Eg: Barely was he so angry .他很少那么生气。
◎1.Naked ：not wearing clothes
Naked eyes ：裸眼
◎2.Nude adj.裸体的
Nude scenes ：裸体镜头
◎3.In one’s birthday suit ( a humorous way to say not wearing any
clothes) 没穿衣服的
★3.crude adj.
⑴ 粗俗的，粗野的
①Crude jokes ：粗俗的笑话
⑵raw 原初的，生的
①Crude oil ：原油
☆1.Rude adj.
⑴ not polite ：粗鲁的
①A rude reply ：粗鲁的回答
②A rude man ： 一个的粗鲁的人
⑵simple
①A rude wooden chair ：粗制滥造的一把木椅
②A rude sketch ：草稿
☆2.rough adj.
①A rough track led to the farm：通向农场的崎岖小路
②A rough estimate：大略估计
③Rough skin ：粗糙的皮肤
④Delicate skin ：细腻的皮肤
⑤A rough temper ：粗暴的脾气
Eg: give sb the rough side of one’s tongue ：严厉的申斥
Eg: The boss gave the rough side of his tongue to the assistant
who was late again.老板对又迟到的店员严厉的斥责。
☆3. Vulgar adj.粗俗下流的
☆4. Pornography （porn）色情
☆5.barbarous adj.未开化，野蛮，残忍的
[if !vml][endif] Barbecue：烧烤
☆6. urban <-> urbane
（城市的） （文雅的，彬彬有礼的）
◆4.technical adj. 科技的，专业的
①Technical experts ：科技专家
②Technical terms ：科技术语
◇1. technically ：strictly
①Technically speaking ：严格的讲
②Strictly speaking：严格的讲
③Literally speaking ：不折不扣的讲
◇2.technology ：技术
①Art ：技巧
②Crafts ：手艺
◇3.
①Science students ：理科生
②Liberal Arts students ：文科生
5.popular
⑴adj. 流行的
①popular music ：流行音乐
②a popular （pop）singer：流行歌手
⑵（文）公众的，人民的，依靠人民的
①Popular opinion ： 舆论
②Popular government：民主政治
③Popular superstition ：民间的迷信
④Popular price ：价格低廉
□1. popularity n. 名气，人缘，名望
①Enjoy tremendous popularity 享有盛誉
Eg: Lu Xun enjoys tremendous popularity in Chinese Literature.鲁迅在文坛享有盛誉。
□2. fame 名声，知名度
①Win fame ：赢得名声
②Rise to fame ：名声显赫
③Come to fame：名声鹊起
④Fame and fortune ：名与利
□3. reputation ：名誉
①Win a reputation 为…赢得名誉
②Earn a reputation
③Establish a reputation
Eg: His kindness won him a reputation as a good man.他的善良为他赢得了一个好人的名声。
④Live up to one’s reputation：名不虚传，不负众望
Eg: The eccentric lived up to his reputation and arrived lateagain.
□4.renown n.名声，名望
①Win renown ：获得名声
□5.eminence ：显赫
①Eminent adj. 杰出的（尤指在学术界）
②Eliminate sb from ：把谁从什么中淘汰出去
Eg: Chinese football team was eliminated from the first round.中国队在第一轮中就被淘汰出局。
□6.prominece n.显著，杰出，卓越
Come into prominence 崭露头角
6.▼v.to like sth/ sb very much
Eg: Mothers absolutely adore their children .
▽1. worship ：love sb/sth very much崇拜
①Worship idols ：崇拜偶像
②Worship hero ：崇拜英雄
▽2. admire v.
⑴ to have very high opinion of sth：对某人的评价非常的高
①Admire sb for sth ：崇拜某人的事迹
Eg: I admire Chairman mao for his charisma.（领袖气质）
⑵欣赏
①Admire window display ：欣赏橱窗展示
②Admire the view ：欣赏风光
▽3.esteem v.尊敬，尊重（文）
①Esteem it a great honor to do ：荣幸之至
▽4.revere v.尊敬，敬畏（文）
①A revered father
●7. bitterly
①Bitter tears ：苦涩的泪水
②Bitter winter ：严冬
③Bitter enemies ：劲敌，死敌
④Bitter blames ：苛责
⑤Bitter quarrels/fights ：激烈的争吵
⑥Bitter past ：痛苦的过去
⑦Bitter memories : 痛苦的回忆
▲8.bet v.to risk money on theresult of a race ,game , competition
①bet money on the with sb 赌钱
Eg: I’d like to bet with you on the outcome of match.我愿意和你赌一把比赛的结果。
②n.make/have/place a bet on sth:打了一个赌（把钱压在…上）
Eg: you bet ! 你说得（太）对了！（口）
Eg: I bet that …我敢打赌
Eg: I bet that he will win the game
★9.academy n.学院（专科）
Word origin：
A place by the name ofAcademia near Athens where Plato established a school which is named Academy.
①The Royal Academy of Arts :皇家艺术学院
②the Chinese Academy of Sciences ：
中科院
③Oscar Academy Award ：奥斯卡金像奖
☆1.Institute ：研究院
①MIT ：Massachusetts Institute of Technology马什理工学院
②GIT : Georgia Institute ofTechnology
③CIT ：California Institute of Technology 加里佛尼亚理工学院
☆2.College :of a small size
☆3.university ：of a large size andcomprehensive
☆4.school ：（高等院校）学院
①Law school ：法学院
②Medical school：医学院
③Post-graduate school ：研究生学院
◆10.extravagant adj. 挥霍无度
Be extravagant with ：using too much使用过度
Eg:Don’t be extravagant with water.
不要浪费水。
①an extravagant dinner party ：豪华晚宴
②be extravagant in food and dress ：生活讲吃讲穿
◇1. extravagance n.
Live in extravagance：生活奢侈，过着奢侈的生活
◇2. excessive adj.过度的
Excessive drinking 过度饮酒
◇3.luxurious :very expensive, beautiful and comfortable舒适豪华的
Eg: The huge house is luxurious with two storeys.
①Live a life of luxury ：过着舒适的生活=live inluxury=live a luxurious life
◇4.luxuriant : growingly strongly and thickly :植物长得茂盛的
■11.poverty n.贫穷
①Live in poverty ： 生活贫困
②Fall into poverty : 陷入贫穷
③Sink into poverty
④Die in poverty ：在贫困潦倒中死去
⑤A poverty stricken area ：赤贫地区
⑥A poverty of imagination :缺乏想象力
□1.famine n.饥荒
Eg: Mankind is suffering famine and war all the time .人们一直饱受战争与饥荒之苦。
□2.destitute adj.have no money, no food, nowhere to live 匮乏
①Be destitute of ：缺乏
A crude man destitute of compassion :一个缺乏同情心的粗鲁的人
二．课文讲解
●boxing matches
⑴match （有输赢结果）比赛
⑵game （有规则）比赛
The Asian Games 亚运会
The Olympic Games
○1. contest （由评委评出结果的）比赛
⑴a beauty contest :选美大赛
English speech contest：英语演讲比赛
○2.competition 竞争，竞赛
Competition for job
○3.tournament : a serious of games
联赛，大型竞标赛
Chess tournament
Tennis tournament: 网球锦标赛
Badminton tournament
○4.race （与速度相关）比赛
A swimming race
A boat race
A bicycle race
▲2.⑴fight with bare fists ：赤手空拳的搏斗
⑵fight
①to take part in a war or battle
Eg:Vietnam fought France and then the US for over 30 years.越南与法国先后作战30多年。
②to hit sb in a sport:在体育比赛中与某人对抗
Eg:Peter fought his bitter enemy in the last round. Peter与他的死敌在最后一场比赛中不期而遇。
③fight for :为…而奋斗，拼搏
1.struggle for
fight for the independence of the nation
⑵ fight for the interest ofmotherland
⑶ fight for freedom：争取自由
⑷ fight for an answer：绞尽脑汁
④fight against ：与…抗争
fight against economic odds ：与经济困难作斗争（odds:困难）
fight against one’s fate :与命运作斗争
⑤fight shy of doing sth （口）回避，讨厌
Eg: Princess Diana fought shy of meeting journalists before shedied.
△2.fighter ：战士，战斗机，拳击手
★3.
eg: they came to be known to us as fighters = they were referredto as fighters.
⑴because of this
Due to this
Owing to this
On account of this
◆4.
[if !vml][endif]⑴be serious injured
Be badly injured
Be slightly injured：受轻伤
◇1.injure 受外伤
Injure one’s pride / self-esteem 使自尊心（信心）受到打击
Eg:他在本次比赛中失利严重挫伤了他的自尊心. His failure in the competition injuredhis self-esteem.
◇2.wound （在作战）刀剑刺伤
◇3.hurt
Hurt one’s feeling ：伤害某人的情感
◇4.harm 对…有害，伤害
Eg: It will harm your eyes if you read in the sun.
⑵kill
①ill sb ：杀死某人
Eg: Take care of him!干掉他！
Eg: My head is killing me !( My head is hurting！)
Kill time ：打发时光
Eg: We play chess to kill time.
Eg: She stole the whole show tonight!
Eg: She dressed to kill tonight!
太抢眼，出尽了风头
Eg: You are killing me !
你笑死我了！
Lady-killer 少妇杀手（贬）
Man-killer 迷人的女子（贬）
Love-killer 恋爱高手
Road-killer 马路杀手（新手）
■5.
⑴figure : 人物
Colorful figure ：引人注目的人物
Legendary figure : 传奇式人物
Eg:在文学史上最富传奇的是杰克.伦敦，他以著作《野性的呼唤》而闻名遐迩。Oneof the most legendary figures in literary history is Jack London, who wasfamous for The Call of the wild.
Eg: one of the most colorful figures in military history isNapoleon Bonaparte.
▼6.
⑴gloves （五指分开的）手套
Mitten (四指合并) 手套
Work hand in glove with
Be hand in glove with
相互为奸，狼狈为奸
Eg:It was rumored that some of the gangsters were working hard
in gloves with the police.（有谣传说…）
⑵introduce sth into/from
Eg:These friendly dogs were first introduced from Asia.
Eg:Tobacco was introduced into Europe from America.
⑶draw up 起草
Draw up a list of candidates
Draw up a declaration ：起草宣言
Draw up a contract ：起草合同
Draw up an agreement
Draw up a chair ：拉近了一把椅子
⑷a set of rules ：一套规则
表示成套的事物的量词
a chest of drawers ：一摞抽屉
a pack of playing cards : 一副牌
a set of toy bricks ：一套积木
a suite of rooms ：一套房间
a suit of clothes :一身衣服
●7.
⑴did much to do sth : 为…做出了很大的贡献
Eg: Mr Deng did much to improve the people’s living standard.
Eg: Chairman Mao did much to change an old China into a prosperoussocialist country.
⑵do little to sth ：没做什么
Eg: His arrival did little to solve the problem.
⑶change desert into farmland
把沙漠变良田
change into his overalls
change back into his suit
⑷bring…to…引进，带入
Bring tears to eyes :热泪盈眶
Bring the fact to light
公诸于世；曝光
Eg: Gambling brings him to ruin.
赌博使他身败名裂。
Bring sb to book ：盘问某人
Bring sb to fame : 功成名就
Bring sth to one’s attention
引起某人的注意力
8.in his day 在他的鼎盛时期
⑴enjoy the best moment of life
尽情享受人生最辉煌的时期
⑵in her heyday :全盛时期
⑶in my school days ：在我的学生时代
⑷in my blue days :女性的生理周期
★9. alike adj.（表语）相似的
Look alike
Be alike
⑵adv.in a similar way
Eg:The twins were dressed alike
Eg:I learded a lot from teachers and students alike.
⑶rich and poor ：穷人与富人
反义词同时出现表示整体
Black and white :白与黑
Day and night ：日日夜夜
◆10.attract one’s attention
引起某人的注意
Attract the attention of sb
Draw one’s attention
Occupy one’s attention
Arrest one’s attention
Capture one’s attention
Win one’s attention
Come to one’s attention
■11.be quick to learn
Be slow to learn
Eg:The little boy is slow to learn maths but quick to learnEnglish.
▼12.turn against
⑴变得对…不满
Eg:The little boy turned against his mother after he got anew-born sister.
⑵背叛
Turn against one’s motherland
Turn against one’s old friend
Turn against one’s principles
①turn one’s head :冲昏头脑
Success turn one’s head
Flattery turn one’s head（失败）
Praise turn one’s head
●13.settle an argument (达到和解)解决问题
End an argument
Settle a quarrel ：解决纠纷
Settle a dispute : 解决争端
○1.solve:to find or provide a way of dealing with a problem
找到解决问题的方法
Solve a problem :解决问题
Solve a case :破案
Solve the murder :找到凶手
Dissolve a marriage : 解除婚约
▲14.He was defeated
①Win the game
Lose the game
②Beat (beat, beaten)
Eg:We beat them
③Take sb on :打赢某人
Eg:Don’t be afraid of him, you can take him on
④beat sb hands down （easily）
Eg:It beats me ! 搞不清楚
Eg:You can’t beat him in football
★15.meet 作战，交手，较量
Eg:met Humphries in the ring再度在拳台交锋（交手）
Eg:China meets Chinese Taipei.中国对对中国台北对。
①take on :交战
Eg:Korea takes on DPRK韩国对北朝鲜
（DPRK:Democratic People’s Republic of Korea）
②versus：（介）…对…；…比…
Eg: America is versus England
⑴on a later occasion ：还有一次
On an occasion : 有一次
On this occasion ：这一次
On several occasion :有几回
On occasion :from time to time 偶尔，时不时的
Eg:I have on occasion visited her at home
◆16.champion :冠军
◇1.Champagne :香槟
记忆方法：The champion drinks the champagne.
2.runner-up：亚军
3.3rd-place :季军
4.gold/silber/bronze medal
■17.hightly adv.（多用于抽象含义）
①think highly of sb
②a highly skilled worker ：技术高超的工人
Eg:a highly developed society ：高度发达的社会
□1.high adv.（多用在具体实在的含义上）
Fly high ：高飞
Aim high :目标远大
Aim/shoot too high :好高骛远
Live high 消费高
Climb high :爬得高
▼18.single :adj.（用来加强表达效果）
Eg:I agree with every word you’ve said-every single word.你说得每个句子，每个单词我都同意。
Eg:I miss you every single day.
●19.be in debt ：负债累累
Be up to one’s chin in debt：深陷于，卷入债务之中
Be forgotten
Be left in the cold ：被淡忘了
Eg:The old lady who used to be a highly successful actress nowis left in the cold.
三．Popular phrases
1.You’re pulling my legs!
你笑死我了！
2.Don’t put all your eggs in one basket!
不要孤注一掷。
四．Supplementary exercise
1.Italy_____Argentina three_____ one.
A. beat …to
B. won …to
C. beat …against
D. win …against
分析：【B】
beat sb 战胜某人
win a game 取得比赛的胜利
体育比赛的得分，“比”用TO表示
Lesson-22
By heart 熟记台词
一．单词讲解
●1.run v.
⑴manage ：经营
Run a successful furniture business
⑵环绕
Eg: The high wall runs around the president’s Palace.
⑶last :持续
Eg: The play runs for 5 years.
⑷become v.
Eg: Passions ran high. 激情（热情）澎湃
Eg: The river runs dry . 河水干涸了。
Eg: The color runs. 掉色
Eg: The hole runs. 洞越来越大
Eg: I have a running nose. 我感冒了。
⑸run for ：竞选
run for presidency ：竞选总统
run for mayor :竞选市长‘’
▲2.line n.
⑴on the line :在打电话
⑵surf on line :网上冲浪
⑶line of business :行业
Eg: what line of business is he in ?他是从事那一行的？
△1.work of life ：职业，身份，阶层
⑷read between the lines
领会言外之意，弦外之音
△2.lines /part ：台词
★3.falter : to speak in a voice that keeps stopping 断断续续，结结巴巴
Eg: when it comes to speaking English, I begin to falter.
①falter a few words: 结结巴巴的说不出几个字
1.flounder:too excited or fear
2.stumble over wards：说错话了
3.stutter：habitually speak in a voice that keepsstopping
Eg: He stutters thanks.他结结巴巴的道了谢。
☆ 4.stammer v.口吃
Eg: Whenever he was angry he would begin to stammer slightly.
◆4.cast v.cast,cast
⑴Be cast in the role of ：扮演…角色
⑵play/act the part in
⑶play an important role …起到了重要作用
⑷play a small part in…扮演小的角色
Eg: United Nations plays an important role in internationalaffairs.
■5.aristocrat n.贵族
①-crat 政治的支持者
②-cracy 政体
□1.aristocracy 贵族政治
□2.democracy 民主政治
□3.plutoracy 富人政治（财阀政治）
□4.autocracy 独裁政治
□5.theocracy 神权政治
□6.expertocracy 专家政治
□7.technocracy 技术政治
□8.monarchy 君主立宪制
□9.Eurocrat 欧共体官员
●6.role n.角色
①the leading role ：主角
②the leading character :主要剧中人物
③the supporting role :配角
④the supporting character
⑤negative role ：反面角色
⑥positive role : 正面角色
▲7.imprison v.关押
Eg:He imprisoned himself on the holiday studying English.
Eg:Imprison the mind of the young.禁锢年轻人的思想
△1.imprisonment ：监押
Sentence sb to 5 years’ imprisonment
判处5年徒刑
Life imprisonment 终身监禁
△2.im- 动词前缀
Impress 给…留下印象
Implant 灌输
★8. Bastille
An old prison in Paris.It was broken through on July 14th,1789,which become the incident that touchedoff French Revolution
◆9.gaoler (Br)
Jailer (Am) 监狱看守，狱卒
jail=gaol 看守所
jail-break 越狱
jailbird 惯犯
（to spent a lot of time in prison）
■10.curtain n.幕布；窗帘
①a curtain of smoke ：一层烟雾
②a curtain of mist :一层薄雾
③a blanket of snow :一层雪
④a sheet of rain :一场大雨
⑤The Iron curtain ：铁幕
The name was used forthe border between the Communist countries of Eastern Europe and the rest ofEurope.
⑥The curtain comes down on :it ends 缓缓落下了帷幕。
Agate curtain came down on the 8-year rule of Clinton withG.W.Bush elected
⑦draw the curtain over something
对…不再提及
Eg:since Peter split up with his girlfriend, he was drawn thecurtain over his love story.
●11.reveal v.
To show something thatwas previously hidden
Eg:Darkness reveled him from his last restraints.天黑了使它原形毕露。
reveal a secret :揭示秘密
reveal one’s identity :揭示身份
▲12.blank adj.空白的
①go blank :变得一片空白
Eg:As soon as I entered the exam classroom, my mind went blank.
② a blank heart : 空虚的心灵
a blank future :渺茫的前途
give sb a blank look ：茫然地看了某人一眼
★13.squint ：to look with almost closed eyes
Eg: The sunshine is so strong that I have to squint my eyes.
Eg: The lady squinted at the girl out of jealousy.（出于嫉妒）
Eg:narrow one’s eyes ：眯着眼看
◆14.dim adj.fairly dark：昏暗的
⑴in the dim light : 借着昏暗的灯光
Dim eyes ：老眼昏花
Eg:Future chances are dim.未来机会渺茫
Eg:Her beauty would make the bright world dim.她的美貌使整个世界黯然无光。
■15.sire 陛下
①Your Majesty （talking to a king or queen）（当面）
②His Majesty/Her Majesty
③Highness：a title used to address a certainroyal person
Your Highness
His Highness
Her Highness
④My Lord :used to address a judge法官大人
⑤Your Excellency
A way to address people who hold high position in the state阁下
●16.proceed v.
⑴接着，继续
proceed to do sth
proceed to one’s master’s degree
eg: Your reputation proceeds you.久闻大名
⑵诉讼（法律程序）
Proceed against sb
Proceeds n.营业额
二．课文讲解
●1.by heart 记忆，背诵
Know…by heart
Get…by heart
Learn by rote :死记硬背
Learn one’s Lesson-:碰钉子
Learn sb a Lesson-: 给某人一个教训
⑴run for years on end :连续上演
days on end ：连续几天
hours on end :连续几小时
weeks on end : 连续几星期（with stopping）
eg:Some slaves were made to work even for twelve hours a day onend.
⑵竖起来stand upright
Eg:The sight of the mutilated body set our hair on end.看到了这具残缺不全的尸体令我们毛骨悚然。
○1.no end :（spoken）verymuch
Eg:Thanks for your letter which cheered me up no end.
○2.no end of:
A lot of（things）especially unpleasant things
Eg:We had no end of trouble with this house since we moved intoit.
○3.put an end to/make an end of ：结束，停止
Eg:和谈的胜利结束了一场迫在眉睫的战争。The success of peace talk made an end toan imminent war.
○4.come to an end :结束
○5.draw to its close:接近尾声
▲2.⑴in many way :从许多方面来说，从许多角度来讲
①in several respects
②in many respects
③in a lot aspects :在许多方面
④in more ways than one:不止（这一点）
Eg：The cat is very dear to the old lady in more ways thanone.
⑵require v.
①Require sb to do sth:
To officially demandsb should do sth（正式要求）
Eg:To compete in such a competitive society requires a good
command of knowledge.（很好的掌握知识）
②demand n/v.
Demand sb to do sth （坚决）要求
(to ask for sth very firmly)
Be in great demand : 供不应求
⑶on adv.继续下去
①carry on :不间断的进行
Eg:Don’t you know I have carried the torch for you?你知不知道我已暗恋你好久了
Why not carry on?那就继续努力吧！
Get on well with sb :与某人相处融洽
Keep on doing:继续做某事
Hold/hang on :不放下电话
From now on ：从今往后
Later on :过后，以后
★3.⑴one would expect:
# would 不是过去将来时，而是表示重复和习惯性的行为。
Eg: Whenever Sunday came, we would get everything set and gofishing.
Eg:姑妈年轻时喜欢大摆筵席，招待宾客。My aunt would entertain her guestslavishly before she grew old.
⑵have cause to do sth
Eg:Teachers would expecttheir students to be punctual all the time and never have cause to be late.教师总是认为学生应始终严格守时而没有理由迟到。
Eg:The wealthy old lady would expect her cat to be home on time
and never cause to fail.这位富有的老妇人希望她的猫总能准时回来，而没有理由晚了。
◆4.⑴be imprisoned ：坐牢
① behind bars :坐监牢
② in chains :带上锁链
③ do time :坐牢
serve time ：服刑
put handcuffs on sb:给某人带上手铐
under arrest :被捕了
■5.①in the last act :最后一幕
⑴act ：幕
⑵scene : 场
⑶a play in two acts: 一出两幕剧
⑷Act Ⅰ,Scene Ⅲ 第一幕第三场
Eg:Hamlet kills the king in Act Ⅴ Scene Ⅱ.
②come on to the stage :上台
Be on stage :在台上
Stage fright :怯场
Go on to the stage(to become an actor)
从事表演行业
Come on :在戏剧表演中或体育比赛中常用来表示轮到…上场；上台
Eg:The next player came on.轮到下一个运动员出场了。
③hand sth to sb :把…递给某人
Give sth to sb
Present sth to sb :把…呈献给…
Present sb with sth
Eg:Present the Queen with a bouquet of flowers.
□1.hand to hand it to sb :佩服
（used to say
that you admire someone）
Eg:You have to hand it to her. She has really made a success ofthat company.
□2.hand sth done :相传，传递
Hand down from generation to generation
代代相传
□3.hand in :上交
Hand out:分发
Hand over:移交
Eg:Hong Kong was handed over to the Chinese government in 1997.
□4.go hand in hand :相互合作，狼狈为奸
Eg:It is rumored the gangs are going hand in hand with police.
▼6.⑴insist vt.坚持
在表示坚持，吩咐，命令，强烈要求，建议的动词后的宾语从句，要用虚拟语气。
order: 吩咐，命令
command :要求
insist :坚持
demand :要求
request:要求
ask ：要求
recommend :建议
propose:建议
suggest:建议
# v.+ that + （should）do
Eg:The teacher ordered that the homework（should）be finished within half an hour.
以上动词的名词后的同位语从句中也须用（should）+ v.
Order,request,demand,suggestion,
Proposal
Eg:He made a suggestion that we (should) have a fancy dressparty.
当it 做形式主语的时候，与某些形容词连用，that 主语从句中要用虚拟语气。
It is /was important
It is necessary
It is essential
Eg:It is important that you tell me all about the story.（必须）
⑵in full :completely全部的
Write your name in full
Cut sth in half
In short :总而言之
In general :总的来说
In average: 平均数
Full-length :大型的；拖地长裙
Full-length series :大型电视系列片
Full-length dress: 拖地长裙
Full brothers:亲兄弟
Half brothers:不是亲兄弟
Half-bred:混血儿
Step mother :继母
Natural mother:亲身母亲
●7.⑴play a joke on sb:开某人一个玩笑
①trick on sb :耍弄别人
②play a practical joke:搞恶作剧
③make a joke on sb:捉弄人
④make fun of sb
⑤poke fun at :取笑
⑵contents of the letter
①content adj.(happy andsatisfied)
Be content to do/be content with
对（做）…心满意足
Eg:The TV slob is quite content to watch television for hours
on end.电视迷对坐在电视机旁连续几小时就感到心满意足了。
②content n.满足
To one’s heart’s content
开心的，尽情地
Eg:We sang songs to our hearts’ content on the way home.我们在回家的路上尽情地歌唱。
▲8.①cell n.小房间
⑴a small room in prison, monastery or convert
⑵cell phone:手机，电话
⑶cancer cells：癌细胞
Blood cells:血细胞
⑷a dry cell: battery 充电器
⑸a terrorist cell :一个恐怖主义小组（组织）
②dark 阴暗的
Eg：His kindness will make the dark world bright! 他的善良使整个黑暗的世界变得光亮起来！
△1.a dark horse:杀出一匹黑马
Sb about whom little isknown but surprises everyone by winning a competition.
△2.in the dark
Eg: Such is human nature that we don’t to be put in the darkabout anything that has a great deal to do with ourselves.
我们都不愿被任何与我们相关的事情蒙在鼓里，此乃人之常情。
★9.⑴anxious to see
anxious to see if…
为一形容词短语，做伴随状语，显得更加生动
Eg:Afraid of difficulties, they easily gave up.
Eg:Overjoyed, She dashed out of the room.由于太高兴了，她从房里跑了出来。
Eg:Ashamed of having acted so rashly, Dmitri apologized toAleko for having accused him.
⑵look on 旁观
Eg:The cold-hearted man looked on quietly without helping.（袖手旁观）
①look upon/on sth as
把…看成，看待
Eg:I look upon him as a true friend.
②look on sb with disgust:蔑视
③look on sb with great admiration :崇敬某人
◆10.⑴squint: to look with almost closed eyes
①shoot glances at :瞟了（有意）
②get a glimpse of :瞥见了（无意）
③catch sight of :看见
他无意中瞥见了一个漂亮女孩，于是就多瞟了几眼，同时急切的想知道她是不是也注意到了自己。He got a glimpse of a pretty girl and then shot several glances at her,eager to know whether she caught sight of him at the same time.
⑵read sb sth:给某人读什么
Read sth to sb
Read from cover to cover
从头到尾读
Eg:Do you read me?你能明白我的意思吗？
Read sb like a book (to know sb so well)
Read between the lines:体会言外之意
■11.⑴finding
Eg:standing beneath this serene sky, over-looking these broadfileds,I was absorbed in the beautiful picture.
站在清澈的天空下，俯瞰着辽阔的田野，我陶醉于这番美景之中。
●12.with this
With :一边一边（说完…）
Eg:With these words, he left and soon disappeared in the dark.
▲13.much to one’s amusement
（much）to one’s amusement
令某人感到可笑的是/令某人感到非常可笑的是
（much）to one’s surprise
（much）to one’s relief（欣慰）
（much）to one’s heart （称心）
（much）to one’s delight（高兴）
三．Famous quotations 名人名言
1. Wives are young men’s mistresses; companions for middle age;and old men’s nurses.
妻子是男人年轻时的情人；中年时的伴侣；年老时的护士。
《of parents and children by Bacon》
2.It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man inpossession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.
这是众所周知的，一个单身男人一旦有了钱，一定就想有老婆。
(From Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen)
四．Supplementary exercise
1.Neither his parents nor he____ at home now.
A. are B.is
C. will be D.is to be
分析：【B】
句子主语用or,nor,either…or, neither…nor, not only…but连接时，谓语与相邻的主语一致。
Lesson-23
One man’s meat is another man’s poison 各有所爱
一．单词讲解
●1.poison n.毒药
⑴One man’s meat is another man’s poison
(used to that sth oneperson likes may not be liked by someone else)
萝卜青菜，各有所爱
⑵Eg：What’s your poison?
(a humorous way of asking someone which alcoholic drink he/she
would like)你喝什么酒？
○1.drug
Take drugs 吸毒
Use drugs
Drug rehabilitation center :戒毒所
○2.narcotic 催眠药，麻醉剂，毒品
(a drug causing sleepor talking away pain )
○3.word origin:
Narcissus was said tobe a beautiful young man in Greek mythology who fell in love with his own reflectionwhen he saw his face in a pool of water.
Because he become veryunhappy as a result, he gradually become so weak that he died. A flower grew upin the place where he died, which was called narcissus after him.
那克塞斯（希腊神话中，相传因爱上自己水中的倒影。致憔悴而死后化为水仙花的美少年。）
○4.narcissism 自恋，自我陶醉
○5.purple heart (a pill containing an illegal drug that gives you a
feeling of energy and excitement)毒品
○6.Purple Heart (a special medal given to US soldiers who have been
wounded in battle)紫心勋章
○7.poisonous adj.有毒的
Poisonous mushroom ：毒蘑菇
Poisonous snakes :毒蛇
<-> edible adj.可食用的
▲2.illogical adj.
Il- not（否定前缀）
[if !vml][endif]Iogical illogical
[if !vml][endif]Legal illegal
[if !vml][endif]Legible illegible
Eg: Her handwriting was so tiny that it was barely legible.他写的字那么小 ，几乎都认不出来。
[if !vml][endif]△1.legitimate illegitimate私生的
[if !vml][endif]△2.literate illiterate文盲
★3．Octopus : n.a sea creature with 8tentacles 章鱼
☆1.ink-fish :乌贼
(They are called devilfish)
☆2.octo- 8（前缀）
①octagon :n.八角形
②October
（according to
Roman calendar it was the 8th mouth）
③octogenarian：八十多岁的人
（a person who
is between 80 and 89 years old）
⑴-arian
（具有某种状态或性质的人）
①centenarian 百岁老人
⑵cent- :一百的
Centum （拉丁文）（century）
②vegetarian ：someone who does not eat meat 素食者
③librarian ：n. 图书管理员
◆4.delicacy n.美味，佳肴
Eg：Snails are considered a delicacy in France.
◇1.ambrosia n.人间美食
(in ancient stories, the food offered to God)
◇2.epicure 美食家
(a person who takesinterest in the pleasure of food and drink and regards cooking as an art)
◇3.gourmet n.美食行家
(someone who knows alot about food and wine and who enjoys good food and wine)
◇4.glutton : a person eats a lot馋鬼
◇5.big-eater :大饭桶
◇6.over-eater :暴饮暴食者
◇7.a big mouth :多嘴多舌的人
◇8.recipe : n.烹调书，食谱
◇9.（口语）称赞美食
①eg:The smell is making me hungry.这味道实在是太香了。
②eg:The aroma makes my mouth water!这种香味让我的口水都快流出来了。
③eg:It was out of the world!
人间美食
④eg:So delicious! I licked the platter clean!太棒了！太香了！我把盘子都给舔干净了！
⑤eg:I am so full I could burst.我快撑爆了，不能再吃了。
⑥eg:I made a pig of myself!我吃得像头猪一样！
■5．Repulsive adj.very unpleasant
Eg：I find octopus repulsive.我发现章鱼实在太让我倒胃口！
Eg: My stomach would turn at the idea of frying potatoes.我一想到油炸土豆，我的胃都快翻起来了。
□1.repugnant adj.令人反感的，令人不快的（very unpleasant and offensive）
□2.revolting adj.令人恶心的
□3.disgusting adj.令人厌恶的，令人作呕的（食物）
Eg:His sneer was revolting.
Eg:The disgusting smell of sour milk.牛奶发出了令人作呕的酸臭味。
▼6.stomach n.胃口
Have a strong stomach 容忍，忍耐
Eg: I don’t have a strong stomach for the snobs.我就无法容忍这个卑鄙小人。
⑴turn one’s stomach :让人觉得反胃
Eg:The sight of the slaughtered cow turned my stomach.看到宰杀奶牛的场面实在是让我太倒胃了。
⑵have no stomach for a fight
have no stomach for a quarrel
没有心思和人吵架（没有胃口）
▽1.appetite n.a desire forfood食欲
①have an appetite for knowledge
求知欲
②have a huge appetite
Have a big appetite
食欲大
③lose your appetite :食欲减退
▽2.stomach （口语）肚子（委婉语）
Bell (口语)
Abdomen (医)肚子，腹部
●7.fry v.油炸
○1.boil v.水煮
○2.bleach v.（放在水里）漂，焯一下
○3.steamed-bread : 馒头
○4.bake v.烤（面包）
○5.roast v.烤肉
○6.stew v.炖肉，焖菜 n.大烩菜
“a pot of stew ”might be a more suitable word than “melting pot”
for in a stew the meet and vegetables keep their own characteristics 一锅大烩菜比一锅大熔炉更具其中的特色。
○7.skewer :肉串
○8.barbecue :烧烤
▲8.fat n.脂肪；（动物）油
Adj.胖的
①fatty food :富含脂肪的食品
1.chubby :fat in a pleasant healthy looking way 圆胖的，胖嘟嘟的
2.plump adj.丰满的
3.fleshy adj.多肉的，肥胖的
4.stout adj.fairly fatand strong结实的
5.tubby adj.short andslightly fat with a round stomach
6.robust adj.in good health 身体棒
★9.abuse v.滥用职权
（to deliberately
use something such as power or authority, for the wrong purpose）
abuse one’s position
abuse one’s power
abuse one’s authority
abuse one’s truth
abuse one’s confidence
☆1.ab- from, away from, off
①abduct （away + to lead）诱拐
②abnormal（away from normal）异常的
③abortion n.堕胎，人工流产
◆10.snail n.蜗牛
⑴snail’s mail : letters sent by post 普通邮件
（compare: e-mail）
⑵at a snail’s pace : extremely slow太慢了
Eg：How could you catch the train at a snail’s pace?
⑶sn- 爬
①snake :n/v （像蛇一样的）爬，蜿蜒
Eg:A river/road/train/path snakes its way through the
mountains.…蜿蜒在山间穿行、流淌
②sneak :v. to go secretly and quietly
蹑手蹑脚地走
Eg: The managed to sneak past the guard on the gate.他们从门卫身边溜走了。
Sneak a look / glance at sth
偷偷瞟了一眼（00：46）
■11.associate v.
①Associate sth with sb :把…与…联系（想）起来
Eg: Chinese will associate red with merry while Americans linkit with danger.
Eg: Chicago is often associate with violence.
●12.despise v.to dislikesomeone or something very much：不喜欢，厌恶
○1.contempt n.蔑视，轻视
①Hold somebody in contempt 瞧不起
②Feel contempt for someone
○2.scorn n./v.
(the feeling thatsomeone or something is stupid)
①pour scorn on 对…不屑一顾
○3.disdain n.蔑视，瞧不起
(a complete lack of respect that you show forsomeone because you think are not at all worth paying attention to)
①treat someone with disdain 极其蔑视某人
Eg:The noble man treated the jailer with distain.
二．课文讲解
●1.people become quite illogical when…
Eg: Parents become quite illogical when they try to decide whatchildren can learn and what they can’t nowadays.
▲2.⑴Mediterranean 地中海
（the sea
surrounded by the countries of southern Europe, North Africa and the Middle East）
⑵for instance
①for example
②say 比方说，打个比方
Let’s say
③take sth for instance 拿…举个例子
Eg：Many people associate snails with delicacy. But take mefor instance, I despise it.
⑵consider sb/sth + adj./n.
宾语 宾语补足语
Eg:Sir John Hawkwood was considered a sort of hero by Italians.
①make sth + adj./n.
Eg:Try to make English fun.
②find sth + adj./n.
Eg:I find Titanic the most touching and moving film I’ve everseen.
(touching and moving :同义重复修饰)
③think/find octopus repulsive
Think it right
Think it important
★3.⑴on the other hand
在较长的谈话或文章中，有许多词语可以表示话语的结构，说明话语与话语间的各类不同关系。这类语句的使用不仅使所要表达的话语显得更加自然流畅，更富于逻辑性，而且更易于读者对所表达话语的理解。
On the other hand等这类话语，表明所说话语同前文已说话间的比较。
Eg:Food here is cheaper than in hometown; house ,on the otherhand, is dearer.
与之类似的语篇标识语和短语；
All the same 同样
And yet :不过，然而
Still : 仍然
However : 然而
⑵at the idea of ：一想到
at the mention of :一提到
at the sight of :一看到
at the thought of :一想到
eg:Girls will go into raptures at the idea of cosmetics.
(go into raptures:欣喜若狂)
⑶accepted practice
practice
(sth that people do often wide spread practice)
②Wide spread practice :普通的做法（习惯）
③Common / standard / general/ normal practice :常见的事，司空见惯的做法
Eg:In Scandinavian countries it is common practice for thehusband to stay home to look after the baby.
④be out of practice :生疏
Eg:Practice makes perfect.
熟能生巧
◆4.（全文的topic sentence是第五句）
⑴坚持 （to介词）
Eg:If we are driving, we must stick to the traffic rules.如果驾驶，我们必须坚持交通规则。
⑵be loyal to :忠诚于
Eg:Stick to me, and you’ll never go hungry again.跟着我，保准你吃香的喝辣的。
⑶stick to one’s promise
Stick to one’s belief
信守诺言，坚持观点
⑷stick in sb’s mind 印象深刻
(to be remembered verywell esp. because it is unusual or interesting )
Eg:Her deep eyes stick in my mind
她深邃的眼睛让我念念不忘。
⑸adhere to :stick firmly to
①adhere to principles:坚持原则
②adhere to regulations:坚持规则
③adhere to Four Fundamental Principles :坚持四项基本原则
⑹all our lives:一生，一辈子
（life 要随one的人称变化而变化）
Eg: They devoted all their lives to the cause of science.
⑺man and boy: all a man’s life 一辈子
Eg:He has worked down the coal mine man and boy.他一辈子都在煤矿上做工。
■5.⑴no… more… than …
再也没有比…更…
Eg:Nothing dries sooner than tears.再也没有比眼泪干的更快的了。
Eg:Nothing is more disturbing than a wild puma at large.
⑵none is so…as 再也没有像…一样的
Eg:None is so blind as those who won’t see.视而不见的人才是盲人。
Eg:None is so deaf as those who won’t hear.听而不闻才是真正的聋人。
⑶no more than :只有
Eg:It’s no more than you deserve the success.只有你才配的上成功。
⑷no more … than… 也不比…
Eg: He is no more capable than that one.
他还不如那个人有能力。（两个人都没能力）
⑸more than非常
(used to emphasizethat you are very pleased, very sorry etc.)
Eg:Alfred’s rise in status more than compensates for the lossof money.
Eg:It is more than common for people who live in the Mediterraneanto consider octopus a great delicacy.
⑹more(A)…than(B)
（前者A比后者B的程度深）与其B，不如A
(A) not so much as (B)与其A，不如B
Eg：The chief reason for the population growth is not so mucha rise in birth rate as a fall in death rates as a result of improvement inmedical care.
人口增长的主要原因与其说是出生率的上升，不如说是由于医疗保健水平的提高，死亡率下降造成的。
▼6.⑴countless 多得数不清
①-less 没有…
Jobless 失业的
Penniless 没钱的
Priceless 无价的，贵的
Heartless 没信心的
Hopeless 失意的
Homeless 无家可归的
Meaningless 没有意义的
Endless 无尽的，没完没了的
⑵ever since :(since)
Eg：Sir John arrived in Italy with a band of soldiers and had
settled there ever since.（时间状语）
Eg:Ever since the beginning of 20th century , English has beenvery popular.
（普及）
●7.he has a garden of his own =
He has his own garden
⑴(all) on one’s own 靠自己
Eg:He built up his own business all on his ever since since he
graduated from college.自从大学毕业，他就已经靠自己创立了事业。
⑵appeal to sb
①attract and interest sb
Eg:City born and city bred, countryside never appeals to me.
②appeal to sb(to do sth) 请求
（make a
serious request for help, money, information）
Eg:She appealed to the kidnappers to release her son.
Eg:The police are appealing to the public for information aboutthe crime.
▲8.⑴happen to do sth
(do or have sth by chance)
Eg:I happened to come across an old friend when I was taking astroll in the street.
⑵happened to be ：碰巧是
Eg:The woman you’re talking about just happens to be myteacher.
⑶happen to sb :发生在某人身上
Eg:Love never happened to me!
(compare: occur to)
Eg:Such a good idea never occurs to me.
★9.number
⑴A large number of
A great number of
A huge number of
A small number of
⑵large number of
great number of
huge number of
small number of
⑶①a couple of :two or a small number of things or people
Eg:a couple of young people 一对年轻人
a couple of hours :两三个钟头
⑷score 20（人，个）用于此含义，复数形式常用score
①three score years and ten（圣经）（人生）70年
②scores of :多数，很多
Eg:I have heard of that scores of times
⑸dozen 12(一打)
two dozen eggs
half a dozen
dozens of: a lot of
eg:I have been there dozens of times
◆10.⑴Acting on a sudden impulse, I…
分词短语作原因状语
⑵act upon/on
①根据…行事
Eg:Acting on a sudden impulse , I attended the TV presenterCompetition.
（主持人大赛）
Eg:Acting on the information received, the police are going totake steps to deal with the drug traffickers.
根据得到的情报，警察准备对毒品贩子采取行动。
Eg:Acting on the idea that facts are sacred, reporters cancause untold suffering to individuals by publishing details.
基于事实神圣不可辩驳的观点，记者们会报导有关个人生活的细节而给当事人带来数不清的烦恼。
⑴act on (sb’s )advice
⑵act on (sb’s )orders
根据某人的建议/要求行事
②对…起作用，对…有功效
Eg:The medicine acted on his fever at once.
■11.⑴…and equally pleased with…
Eg:I want to encourage her to do well, but I equally don’t want to make her feel pressurized.
我想鼓励她做好，可同样我不想让她觉得有压力。
⑵forget all about 把…全忘了
①Go all out :全力以赴
②Come all the way :一路（颠簸）
③Make an all-out effort:付出全部努力
▼12.⑴the main dish ：主菜
①Do/wash the dishes 洗碗和刷碗
②Meal:一餐，一顿饭
③3 meals a day
④Course: part of a meal一道菜
⑤The first course
⑥The main course
⑵take possession of :占据，获得
Eg:The soldiers took complete possession of the enemies’ fort.
Eg:we didn’t take possession of the car until a few days afterthe auction.
我们在拍卖会几天后才拿到汽车。
三．Idioms
1.like peas and carrots.
形影不离
Eg:We are close friends, like peas and carrots.
2.the carrot and the stick
（胡萝卜加大棒）软硬兼施
四．Supplementary exercise
1.____ is known to the world, Mark Twain is a great Americanwriter.
A. That B. Which
C. As D. It
分析：【C】
As作为关系代词，位于主句之前，代替整个主句。
Eg:As we know, aluminum is very light in weight.
D.全句应改写为：It is known to the world that…;
B.可以用来代替整句，但必须位于主句之后。
Lesson-24
A skeleton in the cupboard “家丑”
一．单词讲解
●1.skeleton n.骷髅
①A skeleton in the cupboard
（柜中的骷髅）家丑
②A shameful family secret
令家庭蒙羞的秘密
③A terrible secret: 丑闻
④A walking/living skeleton
⑤reduce to a skeleton 瘦成这样！
⑴skeleton key: a key made to unlock many locks万能钥匙
⑵panacea 万灵丹，灵丹妙药
⑶Almighty King 全能的国王
▲2.seemingly adj.表面的
①a seeming friend ：表面上的朋友
②a seeming good-tempered man
表面上看起来非常温和的人。
③a seeming sincerity ：表面上真诚
△1.seemingly:看上去好像
Eg: Future is seemingly promising but actually desolate.未来看上去是充满希望的，实际上渺茫的。
△2.seemly :adj.大方的，得体的
Eg: Keep seemly manners while have dinners.
★3.respectable adj.
⑴ 体面的，雅观的
a respectable family:体面的家庭
look respectable:看起来体面的
⑵good and satisfactory :令人满意的，好的
a respectable income:客观的收入
a considerable income
a handsome income
☆1.respectful adj.表示尊敬的
①be respectful to 尊敬
②be respectful to old people:要尊敬老人
③be respectful to the tradition:尊重传统
☆2.respective adj.各自的
Eg: The two friends said goodbye and went their respectiveways.
两个朋友道别之后各自上路了。
☆3.respect n./v.
①love and respect 尊重和爱戴
②pay respect to sb 向谁表示敬意
③pay one’s last respects to: to go one’s funeral向某人表示最后的崇敬
◆4.conceal v. to hide sthcarefully
（主观的）隐瞒，掩盖
①conceal a secret :对某人掩盖一个秘密
②conceal feelings from sb:对某人掩饰情感
③conceal one’s smile :掩饰笑容
④conceal intentions :掩饰目的
⑤conceal the fact:掩盖真相
⑥lie about one’s age:隐瞒年龄
◇1.hide v.（应用范围较conceal广）
Conceal后多跟抽象名词，但hide也适用。
Eg: let’s hide from mommy.藏起来，不要让妈妈发现了。
⑴hide one’s depression:掩盖失意
⑵hide one’s embarrassment:掩饰窘迫
Eg: The sun was hidden by the clouds.
太阳被云彩遮住了。
Eg: The trees hide thedeer from view.
小鹿被树木挡住看不见了。
■5.vivid adj.栩栩如生，活灵活现的
①vivid memories 鲜活的记忆
②vivid dreams 生动的梦
③vivid descriptions 栩栩如生的描写
④vivid image 活生生的形象
⑤vivid record 生动的记载
▼6.drama 戏剧，戏曲
①drama school :戏曲学校
②A TV drama :电视剧
③A poetic drama:诗剧
▽1.dramatic adj.戏剧性的，巨大的，显著的
⑴The dramatic change 戏剧性的变化
⑵The dramatic moment 戏剧性的时刻
⑶The dramatic scene 戏剧性的情景
▽2.opera n.音乐剧，歌剧
①soap opera 肥皂剧
②Peking opera:京剧
③grand opera:严肃剧
●7.hero n.英雄/男主人公
①a national hero 民族英雄
②war hero:战争英雄（作战英勇的战士）
○1.heroine n.女英雄/女主人公
○2.heroin n.海洛因
①morphine 吗啡
②opium n.鸦片
⑴opium War Ⅰ 第一次鸦片战争
③marijuana 印度大麻
④anesthesia 麻醉药
⑤mercy-killing安乐死
Euthanasia n.（术语）
（21：38）
drug addict:吸毒成瘾的人
drug taker：吸毒者
▲8.novel n.虚构的长篇小说
A long written story inwhich the characters and events are usually imaginary
△1.story n. for entertainment（娱乐）
①detective story 侦探小说
②a romantic and sentimental story
言情小说
△2.epic n.史诗
Homer’s epic “Iliad ”and “Odyssey”
①Chinese Odyssey: 大话西游
△3.poetry 诗歌
△4.biography 传记
△5.tale n.
A story of imaginaryevents especially of an exciting kind
①fairy tale 神话故事
②A tale of Two Cities 双城记
③A Tale of Three Warring Kingdoms
三国演义
△6.saga 北欧英雄（传说）；英雄故事
△7.fable n.寓言故事
①Aesop’s Fables 伊索寓言
★9.vary v.相异，不同的
①Vary in price/quality/size
②to varying degrees 在不同程度上
③to a certain extent 在某种程度上
④to some extent 在某种程度上
Eg: The twins were brought up in different families andachieved varying degrees of success respectively.
两个双胞胎兄弟被不同的家庭抚养长大各自在不同程度上取得了成功。
Eg: The price of fruit vary with the seasons. 水果的价格随季节变动。
☆1.range from sth to sth else
① Prices range from…to…
价格（在一定范围内变动）
② level range from…to…
水平（在一定范围内变动）
③ temperatures range from…to…
温度（在一定范围内变动）
☆2.various adj.（强调多样性）不同的
☆3.different adj.（强调差异）不同的
☆4.variable adj.多变的
①variable mind 多变的心
◆10.⑴stack v.整齐的排放
①stack the books on the shelf 把书架上的书整齐的排放
②stack up : 把…堆积起来
③pile up （不是很整齐的）
Eg: The cars piled up in the traffic.
④heap up : （杂乱地）堆放
⑵ n.堆
①a stack of sth/stacks of sth
Eg: I have stacks of work waiting to be done. 我有一大堆的是要做。
②stacks of money 一大堆钱
A pile of books 一大堆书
Piles of work 一大堆活
③heaps of (time) 许多时间
■11.underclothes 内衣
⑴under 在…下面的
underfoot 在脚下
underground 在地下
undersea
under populated 人口稀少的
under developed 欠发达的
under sized 尺寸不够
□1.over-在…上面的
①overalls 工作服
②overcoat 防寒服
③overseas 海外的
▼12.petrify v.
⑴ to change wood, trees into stones over a long period of time 使石化
①petrified wood/forest :石林
⑵ to make sb too frightened to move 吓得不能动弹
Eg: Seeing a skeleton, I stood petrified.看到骷髅，我吓的不能动弹了。
▽1.be scared out of one’s wits
吓得魂不附体
▽2.make one’s flesh crawl
起了一身鸡皮疙瘩
= have goose flesh
▽3.make one’s hair stand on end
笑的毛骨悚然
▽4.The blood runs cold.吓得血都凉了。
The blood turns to ice.
●13.dangle v.轻晃
To hang or swing loosely
Eg: I dangle my feet in clear blue water.
我在清澈的水中荡着双脚。
Eg: He sat on the table dangling his leg.
他站在桌子上晃动着两条腿。
⑴dangle sth in front of sb
(to offer sth good tosb in order to persuade him to do sth)吊胃口，逗弄
Eg: The promise of an ice cream cone was dangled in front ofthe little girl, as a reward for sleeping.
小女孩被许诺说只要睡觉就会得到一个冰淇淋蛋卷。
○1.droop v.下垂
To hang or benddownwards
Eg: These flowers are thirsty for water; they began to droopheads in the sun.
○2.swing: to move backwards and forwards （前后）摆动
①swing arms 摇臂
②swing from… to… 发生转变
To change quickly to theopposite
Eg: The sad news made him swing suddenly from great joy tocomplete despair.
这个坏消息使他从幸福跌入到彻底的绝望当中去。
○3.sway v.
⑴to move slowly from one side to another（从一边到另一边）摆动
Eg:willows are swaying gently in the breeze.杨柳在微风中轻轻摆动。
⑵to influence sb who has not yet decided about sth so that they
change their opinion. 使摆动
Eg: His determination swayed by the difficulties waiting infront.
他的决心被眼前的困难动摇了。
▲14.unsympathetic 无动于衷的
Not understandingsomeone else’s problems and not giving them any help
⑴sympathetic adj.富含同情心的
Be sympathetic to/ towards 对…富有同情心的
Eg: We are sympathetic to their unfortunate experience.我们对他们不幸的经历深表同情。
⑵sympathy n.
Have /feel sympathy for sb 向谁表示同情
Eg: All of her neighbors feel a lot of sympathy for the poorwindow who brought up 5 kids on her own.
邻居们对那个独自一人养大五个儿女的寡妇表示深深的同情。
offer sympathy 表示同情
sympathy letter 慰问信（安抚信）
二．课文讲解
●1.eg: We often heard how a seemingly affectionate young couple infact had quarreled a lot in private.
我们经常听到对看上去十分恩爱的年轻夫妻如何私下里互相争吵。
⑴terrible secret ：不可告人的秘密
Trade secret :商业秘密
Secret sorrow :难言之隐
The secret of success :成功的秘诀
The secret of long life-span:长寿秘诀
▲2.⑴There goes a famous saying in English
that… 英文有句俗话
①As the vivid saying goes…
有句话说得好
Eg: As the vivid saying goes,” simple outside ,complex inside”有句话说的好，外表简单，内心复杂。
⑵possess v.
To own or have sth especiallysth valuable, important, illegal or an ability
Eg: The king possesses a considerable degree of autonomy.
这个国王相当独裁。
Eg: What(on earth) possessed you to do something?
(used to say that youcannot understand why someone did sth stupid)
到底是怎么回事（鬼迷心窍）
Eg: what possessed you to trust him again after he revealed
your secret?他把你的秘密都揭露了，你怎么能再相信他？
★3.⑴A reputation is ruined 名誉扫地
Eg: A reputation began to crumble. 名誉扫地
Eg: The family is humiliated.
家族蒙羞（to lose respect）
Eg: The country which is taken complete possession by its enemyis mortified.
(to feel ashamed)
被敌军占领的城池蒙受着奇耻大辱。
Eg:disgrace oneself:丢了自己的脸
◆4.⑴The heroine 的同位语是adear old lady
Eg: One of the major problems, housing, remains unsolved.
Eg: Mr. white, chairman of the committee, denied having anyrelations with mafia.
（麻烦、黑手党）
■5.⑴in her youth
When she was young
in one’s twenties在某人20岁
in one’s thirties 在某人30岁
the teens:十来岁的孩子
teenager (between 13 and 19)
adolescent （处于青春期期间）年轻人
minor (法：under 18)未成年人
juvenile 青少年的
juvenile crime 青少年犯罪
juvenile delinquency 青少年不良行为
▼6.⑴It is well(and good)…
Used to say that youaccept or approve of one part of a situation or thing but not of another part
用来表示不满或不那么同意，好是很好，可是；…是不妨事的，可是…
Eg: It is all very well to say that, but what can I do? 你说的倒好听，叫我怎么办？
Eg: It is all very well for such things to occur in Americathat people may have several marriages, but it’s not the case for Chinese.
在美国人们可能会有数次婚姻，对他们来说可能是不碍事的，但中国人可不是。
★7.⑴but 语篇标识词，表明事实
⑵be proud of 对…感到骄傲
Eg: I am proud of you!
我为你感到骄傲！
⑶take/show/feel pride in sth
Eg: The mother takes pride in her son!
⑷put one’s pride in pocket
夹着尾巴做人
☆1.pride v.
Pride oneself on sth
为自己… 很得意（骄傲）
Eg: The young writer prides himself on his virgin piece.（处女作）
Eg: as proud as a peacock
(peacock:孔雀)
◆8.⑴instead of
往往表示出一正一反，肯定一个，否定一个，而在instead of 后面的往往是被事实否定的。
Eg: The heavy rain, in stead of bringing any good as expected,caused a lot of harm to the crops.
那场大雨非但没给带来什么好处，反而造成了极大的灾害。
Eg: Taking exercises everyday makes him look younger instead ofolder.
每天锻炼身体使他显得年轻而不见老。
■9.⑴It gave me the impression that
= it leaves me the impression that
①be under the impression that:
Wrongly believe that sth is a fact because of the way the situationseems.
误以为…,总认为…
Eg: Wives are always under the impression that their husbandcan put things right whenever they go wrong.
妻子们总是认为他们的丈夫总能在东西坏了的时候把它们修好。
②be under the illusion/delusion:妄想着…
Eg: Mary was under the illusion that marriage can change herhusband for the better.
Mary 总幻想着婚姻会使她丈夫变得好一点。
⑵It was about to leap out at me
①be about to do sth
（说话）就要，眼看就要
Eg: Don’t go out now-we’re about to have lunch.
Eg: They are about to leave china for home.
他们就要离开中国回国了。
②not about to do sth 不愿意
Eg: I’m not about to pay 30 dollars for a dress like that.
我可不愿为那条裙子花30元。
⑶leap v.to jump forward
① look before you leap:三思而后行
②leap at a chance/an opportunity
（急切地）抓住一个机会
③hop, step, jump 三级跳
单脚跳，空中走步，纵身一跃
Job hopper 跳槽者
④leap v. to jump forward
Leap year 润年
（It happens every 4 years, when February has 29 days instead of 28）
Common year 平年
By leaps and bounds 突飞猛进
Eg: His German is improving by leaps and bounds.
▼10. Sebastian
即为 saint Sebastian,罗马基督教殉道者，早期基督教徒，罗马军官，他引导士兵信奉基督教，皇帝发现后命令用乱箭射死，侥幸不死，后被乱棒打死。他经常出现在文艺复兴时期的绘画中。这里说话人将医科学生所用的人体骨骼比作绘画中常用的人物，是一种暗喻的修辞手法。
三．Idioms
1. More than meets the eye.
另有隐情
Eg: There is more is her refusal than meets the eye. I think
she has something on her mind.她的拒绝另有隐情，她好像有心事。
2. There is no smoke without fire.
无风不起浪
四．Supplementary exercise
1. I’m ____ the impression that he once asked me the question.
A. with B. in
C. under D. at
分析：【C】
C. under the impression : 模模糊糊…有…印象
Lesson-25
The Cutty Sark “卡提萨克”号轮船
一．单词讲解
●1.impressive adj.给人深刻印象的，令人佩服的
（something seems very good, large, important etc. so that you admire
it. ）
⑴ remain impressive ：留下深刻印象
⑵be impressive:
Eg: The statue of Liberty still remains so impressive standingon a small island in New York Harbor.
屹立于纽约港的一座小岛的自由女神像任然还是那么让人印象深刻。
Eg: The Hollywood film producers try every means to make theirfilms real and impressive so as to disguise the inner-emptiness.
好莱坞的制片人总是竭尽全力使他们的影片真实感人以掩盖其内容的空洞。
○1.impress v. to fill sb withadmiration 给人留下深刻印象
Eg: What the book impressed me most was its vivid language.
这本书给我印象最深刻的就是它生动形象的语言。
①be impressed 对…留下深刻的印象
Eg: We were quite impressed with the immense size of thelongest suspension bridge in the world.
我们无不对这世界上最长的吊桥的庞大留下深刻的印象。
②be favorably impressed
对…有好印象
Eg: I think the boss was favorably impressed by theinterviewee.
我觉得老板对面试者很推崇备至。
③impress sth on sb 使印象深刻
（to make the
importance of sth clear to someone）
Eg: Mother impressed the value of hard work on me.
母亲使我铭记勤勉的重要。
○2.brand v.
⑴to make a mark on sth esp. by burning , in order to show who itbelongs to
给…打上烙印（标记）
Eg: The little white lamb was branded with letter B.
这头小白羊被打上了字母B的烙印。
⑵ （of bad experiences）to leave a mark on （指不好的经验）印在（心口）
Eg: His unfortunate childhood is branded on his heart for life.
他的不幸的童年一生都在他的心坎上留下了烙印。
⑶to give a lasting bad name to…
对…加以永久性的污名
①brand sb as…
Eg: The prisoner of war was branded as a traitor.
这个战俘被他们当成了卖国贼。
○3.impression
⑴ opinion 有印象
① under the impression：给某人留下模糊的印象
② give sb the impression:给某人留下印象
⑵ a mark left by pressing sth into a soft surface.（留下的）刻痕，痕迹
Eg: The dealer held a diamond firmly against the window andmade a deep impression in the glass in order to prove that it was real.
那个小贩为了向我证实这颗钻石是真的，使劲往玻璃上一按，在上面留下一道很深的刻痕。
○4. as a mark of 成为…的象征
Eg: The statue of Liberty was a gift to the USA from France in
1886, as a mark of friendship and also in memory of the aid France gave the
Americans during the American Revolution.（美国独立战争）
▲2.steam ship 蒸汽轮船
① sailing ship 帆船
② jump ship 潜逃；逃脱
Eg: Two prisoners jumped ship last night. 两个逃犯昨晚越狱了。
③ tight ship 组织严密的高效机构
Eg: They run a tight ship here at your company.
他们把公司管理的井井有条。
④when your ship come in
当发迹的时候，发财的机会
Eg: When my ship comes in, I’ll quit work and travel around theworld.
当我发迹的时候，我将辞掉工作，周游世界。
△1. canoe 独木舟
①paddle one’s own canoe 自力更生
Eg: Now It’s time for you to learn to paddle your own canoe.
该是你学会自食其力的时候。
★3.vessel n.
⑴ （formal）a ship or a large boat
大木船，轮船
① a fishing vessel 捕鱼船，渔船
⑵a container for holding liquids
容器，器皿（以容纳液体）
Eg: Empty vessels make the most sound.
（谚语）
（空的容器发出的声音最大。）
无知者叫声最大。
⑶ medicine: a tube that carries blood through your body 导管，脉管
a blood vessel 血管
vein 静脉
artery 动脉
☆1.vehicle n.
⑴ 尤指路上的交通工具
⑵something that you use in order to achieve something or as way ofspreading your ideas, expressing your opinions
（思想感情以及消息）的传递渠道，媒介
Eg: Rumor as well as the press is a kind of vehicle forinformation.
谣言和新闻媒介一样也是传递消息的渠道之一。
◆4.Java
⑴(an islandwhich is part of Indonesia. It is not the Largest of the Indonesian island, butit includes the capital, Jakarta and it has the highest population)
爪哇，印度尼西亚的一个小岛，印尼政府雅加达所在地，并且人口众多。
⑵trademark
A type of computer languagedeveloped by sun Microsystems and used esp. to operate programs on the internet.It is used , for example, to help provide video and on the world-wide web.
■5. rudder n.（船，飞机）舵
□1. helm n.船柄，舵轮
Eg: at the helm: in charge of sth
掌舵（握）
Eg: The company flourished with the present CEO at the helm.
公司由现任的CEO掌舵，公司一派欣欣向荣。
□2. bow船头<->stern 船尾
□3.①screw 螺旋桨
② anchor 锚
③deck 甲板
④hull 船身
⑤mast 船桅
⑥ helmsman （船工，舵手），驾驶员
⑦steersman 驾驶员
□4.steer v.
⑴to direct the course of a ship or a car 驾驶
Eg: steer a boat into New York harbor.
⑵be in charge of sth 掌握，控制
①steer sth through/to
(to be in charge of an organization and make decisions thathelp it be successful, esp during a hard time)
Eg: The boss steered the company through the hard years ofrecession.
该公司的老板在商业衰退的最艰难的几年中引导企业走出困境。
□5. jockey
n. 骑师
someone who rides a horse in races
v.
⑴to try to get into the best position or situation
巧妙地抢先
① jockey for position ：巧妙地抢了个位置
Eg: We jockeyed for position at the bar to enjoy the footballmatch.
我们在酒吧抢先占了个好位置来看球赛。
⑵jockey sb into doing sth
(to gradually persuadesomeone to do sth) 说服某人做某事
Eg: Do you think you can jockey them into accepting our offer?
你觉得能说服他们接受我们出的价钱吗？
▼6.temporary adj.短期的，临时的
（lasting for
only a limited period of time）
temporary jobs 短期工作
temporary accommodation 临时工作
temporary rudder 备用的舵（应急用的舵）
▽1.permanent adj.
(continuing to existfor a long time or for all future time)
permanent peace 永久的和平
a permanent tooth 恒齿，永久（成人）齿
permanent wave 烫发
▽2.provisional 临时的，（待变得）
（to exist for only a short time and likely to be changed in the
future）
① a provisional government 临时政府
●7.plank n.大块的木板
①board n.木板
② a plank bed 木板床
③walk the plank
⑴to be forced to walk along a board laid over the side of the ship untilyou fall off the sea
（17 世纪海盗处死俘虏的一种办法）把人眼睛蒙起来让其在突出舷外的板上行走而落海。
⑵to be dismissed from your job
被迫放弃职务（Am.）
Eg: The CEO who failed to steer his company through therecession had walk the plank.
那位未能在经济萧条时期带领公司走出困境的CEO不得不被迫辞职。
★8.fit vt.
⑴to put a small piece of equipment into a place, or a new part ontoa machine
安装，设置
① fit sth … to ：把… 装到…上去
Eg: We fit anti-theft devices to our new car.
我们给新车安装了防盗装置。
☆1. install 安装（机器设备）
①install a telephone /computer
⑵to be the right size and shape for sb
合适，得体
Eg: The new dress fits me.
① fit sb like a glove 十分合体
（to fit the shape of sb’s body perfectly）
⑶ v. 合身（不大不小），合适
☆2.suit v.（衣服颜色，式样）与…相配，相称，适合
Eg: casual clothes really don’t suit her.便装很不舍和他。
Eg: New York doesn’t suit everyone.
纽约并不适合任何人。
Eg: Will 10 o’clock suit you?
十点钟你方便吗？
☆3.fit in with : get well along with
与（人）相处融洽
Eg: The new comer doesn’t fit in with the class.新来的同学并不合群。
☆4.match: things look good together
相适应，协调
Eg: The curtains don’t match the carpet
☆5.go together
Go with (each other)
(things look righttogether in style, color etc.)
（款式，颜色等）相称，相配
Eg: Fish and white wine go particularly well together.
鱼和葡萄酒彼此很适宜。
Eg: The color of your lipstick doesn’t go with your dress.
口红的颜色与你裙子的颜色不相称。
◆9.Equator n.赤道
（an imaginary line drawn around the middle of the Earth is exactly
the same distance from the North pole and the South pole）
■10.delay v.
⑴ to put off until later 延期
① delay (doing) sth until 延至
Eg: We delayed going on holiday until next month.
我们延至下个月才去渡假。
⑵to stop for a time and cause to be late
耽搁
Eg: The plane was badly delayed by fog.
飞机被一场大雾阻隔了很长时间。
⑶① put off 延期（因为问题或困难）
Eg: The football match had to be put off owing to a heavyshower.
② postpone v. 延期
（to change an event, action etc to a later time or date）
⑴postpone doing sth
Postpone having a family:暂时不结婚
③hold up 阻隔，耽搁
Eg: We were heavily held up in the snow.
二．文章讲解
●1.She serves as an impressive reminder of the great ships of thepast.
⑴serve as … 全当作，充当…
Eg: It served as a Lesson-to him.
这对他来说是个教训。
Eg: The picture only served as a reminder of happy times.
这照片只当是让我想起还有过幸福的时光。
Eg: When tramps sleep in the open, old newspapers can serve asa blanket.
当流浪汉在户外过夜时，旧报纸可以充当毛毯用。
⑵to spend a period of time doing a job
作为…,供职于…,服勤…
Eg: Franklin D.Roosevelt is the only person who has ever served4 terms as president.
罗斯福是唯一一位连续任职4届的美国总统。
Eg: The maidservant served the family as a cook for 5 years.
这个女佣在那户人家当了5年的厨娘。
①serve time 服刑期满（prisoner）
任届期满（chairman）
②serve a sentence 服刑
③reminder n.使人忆起某事的东西（人）；（作为提醒人的）信号，提示
④serve as a reminder
Be a reminder
Eg: Occasional bursts of gunfire are a reminder that the battleisn’t over yet.
偶尔爆发的枪声提醒人们战争尚未结束。
Eg: The president’s bodyguards serve as a reminder that he’s noordinary guy for a walk.
总统身边的保镖提醒人们他可不是能随便出去散散步的普通人。
○1.reminiscence 追忆，回忆
Reminiscence of the war 战争回忆录
▲2.It marked the end of the great tradition of ships with sails andthe beginning of a new era.
Eg: The statue of Liberty marked the friendship between theFrench and the Americans.
Eg: The Theory of Relativity marked the summit of scientificachievement.
相对论标志着科学成果的最高峰。
三．Idioms
1.learn from cradle to grave.
活到老，学到老
2.rock the boat
捣乱，（发表不同的意见）使集体陷入困境
Eg: A lot of people didn’t really agree with the policy , butthey didn’t want to rock the boat.
四．Supplementary exercise
1. She ____ that it was a trick to get her involved in thematter, for she known them too well.
A. doubted B.suspected
C. conceived D.convinced
分析：【B】
B．怀疑…是，表示相信；
A．怀疑…不是，表示不相信，不确定；
C. 想象出，构思，要加介词of;
D. 确信，用在convince oneself that 或convince sb of sth 结构中。
语意：她怀疑这是他们搞得把戏，使她卷入该事件，因为她对这些人太了解了。
五．影片欣赏
《The Graduate》(Ⅱ)
Ben：what have you done to her?
你都对她做了些什么？
Mrs. Robinson: I think we have everything quite under controlnow, Benjamin. Would you like a quick drink before you go?
我想我们使一切都得到控制。（如愿以偿）
在你离开之前要不要喝上一杯呢？
Ben：You can’t stop me from seeing her, Mrs. Robinson. I’llfind her.
你无法阻止我见她。我会找到她的。
Mrs. Robinson: I’m sorry we won’t be able to invite you to thewedding , Benjamin, but the arrangements have been so rushed.
我很抱歉不能邀请你参加婚礼，因为安排的太匆忙了。
Ben：What the hell you have done!
（what the hell…?究竟/到底…?）你到底干了些什么？
Mrs. Robinson: Ahh, I don’t think you’ll have time for thatdrink after all.
我觉得不管怎么样你都喝不上婚礼的喜酒了。
Ben：I’ll find her
Mrs. Robinson: I don’t think so.