目录
一、环境准备
1.1、部署k8s的两种方式
1.2、准备环境
1.3、证书说明
二、部署Etcd集群
2.1、准备cfssl证书生成工具
2.2、生成Etcd证书
2.3、部署Etcd集群
could not connect: x509
三、安装docker
四、部署Master Node
4.1、部署kube-apiserver
4.2、部署kube-controller-manager
4.3、部署kube-scheduler
五、部署Worker Node
5.1、创建工作目录并拷贝二进制文件
5.2、部署kubelet
5.3、部署kube-proxy
5.4、部署网络组件Calico
5.5、授权apiserver访问kubelet
5.6、新增Worker Node
六、部署Dashboard和CoreDNS
6.1、部署Dashboard
6.2、部署CoreDNS
七、扩容多Master(高可用架构)
7.1、部署Master02 节点
7.2、部署Nginx+Keepalived高可用负载均衡器
1)方式一:kubeadm
部署
Kubeadm是一个K8s部署工具,提供kubeadm init
和kubeadm join
,用于快速部署Kubernetes集群。
2)方式二:二进制软件包
从github下载发行版的二进制包,手动部署每个组件,组成Kubernetes集群
3)两种方式对比
Kubeadm降低部署门槛,但屏蔽了很多细节,遇到问题很难排查。如果想更容易可控,推荐使用二进制包部署Kubernetes集群,虽然手动部署麻烦点,期间可以学习很多工作原理,也利于后期维护
1.2.1、服务器要求
1)建议最小硬件配置:2核CPU、2G内存、30G硬盘
2)服务器最好可以访问外网,会有从网上拉取镜像需求,如果服务器不能上网,需要提前下载对应镜像并导入节点
1.2.2、软件环境
软件 | 版本 |
---|---|
操作系统 | CentOS7.x_x64 (mini) |
容器引擎 | Docker CE 19 |
Kubernetes | Kubernetes v1.20 |
1.2.3、服务器整体规划
角色 | IP | 组件 |
---|---|---|
k8s-master1 | 10.0.0.71 | kube-apiserver,kube-controller-manager,kube-scheduler,kubelet,kube-proxy,docker,etcd,nginx,keepalived |
k8s-master2 | 10.0.0.74 | kube-apiserver,kube-controller-manager,kube-scheduler,kubelet,kube-proxy,docker,nginx,keepalived |
k8s-node1 | 10.0.0.72 | kubelet,kube-proxy,docker,etcd |
k8s-node2 | 10.0.0.73 | kubelet,kube-proxy,docker,etcd |
负载均衡器IP | 10.0.0.88 (VIP) | Nginx+Keepalived |
搭建这套K8s高可用集群分两部分实施,先部署一套单Master架构(3台),再扩容为多Master架构(4台或6台)
单Master架构图:
单Master服务器规划:
角色 | IP | 组件 |
---|---|---|
k8s-master | 10.0.0.71 | kube-apiserver,kube-controller-manager,kube-scheduler,etcd |
k8s-node1 | 10.0.0.72 | kubelet,kube-proxy,docker,etcd |
k8s-node2 | 10.0.0.73 | kubelet,kube-proxy,docker,etcd |
1.2.4、操作系统初始化配置
# 1、关闭防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
# 2、关闭selinux
sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config # 永久
setenforce 0 # 临时
# 3、关闭swap
swapoff -a # 临时
sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab # 永久
# 4、根据规划设置主机名
hostnamectl set-hostname
sudo hostnamectl set-hostname kube-master
# 5、在master添加hosts
cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF
10.0.0.71 k8s-master01
10.0.0.74 k8s-master02
10.0.0.72 k8s-node01
10.0.0.73 k8s-node02
EOF
# 6、将桥接的IPv4流量传递到iptables的链
cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf << EOF
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOF
sysctl --system # 生效
# 7、时间同步
yum install ntpdate -y
ntpdate time.windows.com
#8、生成秘钥对
ssh-keygen #连续回车即可
#将自己的公钥发给其他服务器
ssh-copy-id root@kube-master
ssh-copy-id root@kube-node1
ssh-copy-id root@kube-node2
或者
k8s集群需要用到很多证书,先将证书做一个简单的说明:
Etcd 是一个分布式键值存储系统
,Kubernetes使用Etcd进行数据存储,所以先准备一个Etcd数据库,为解决Etcd单点故障,应采用集群方式部署,这里使用3台组建集群,可容忍1台机器故障,当然,你也可以使用5台组建集群,可容忍2台机器故障。
节点名称 | IP |
---|---|
etcd-1 | 10.0.0.71 |
etcd-2 | 10.0.0.72 |
etcd-3 | 10.0.0.73 |
注:为了节省机器,这里与K8s节点机器复用。也可以独立于k8s集群之外部署,只要apiserver能连接到就行
cfssl
是一个开源的证书管理工具,使用json文件生成证书,相比openssl更方便使用。找任意一台服务器操作,这里用Master节点
# 下载软件包
mkdir cfssl && cd cfssl/
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl_linux-amd64
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssljson_linux-amd64
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64
chmod +x cfssl_linux-amd64 cfssljson_linux-amd64 cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64
mv cfssl_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssl
mv cfssljson_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssljson
mv cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssl-certinfo
2.2.1、自签证书颁发机构(CA)
# 1、创建工作目录
mkdir -p ~/TLS/{etcd,k8s} && cd ~/TLS/etcd
# 2、自签CA
cat > ca-config.json << EOF
{
"signing": {
"default": {
"expiry": "87600h"
},
"profiles": {
"www": {
"expiry": "87600h",
"usages": [
"signing",
"key encipherment",
"server auth",
"client auth"
]
}
}
}
}
EOF
cat > ca-csr.json << EOF
{
"CN": "etcd CA",
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "Beijing",
"ST": "Beijing"
}
]
}
EOF
# 3、生成证书:会生成ca.pem和ca-key.pem文件
cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -
2.2.2、使用自签CA签发Etcd Https证书
# 创建证书请求文件
cat > server-csr.json << EOF
{
"CN": "etcd",
"hosts": [
"10.0.0.71",
"10.0.0.72",
"10.0.0.73"
],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "BeiJing",
"ST": "BeiJing"
}
]
}
EOF
注:上述文件hosts
字段中IP为所有etcd节点的集群内部通信IP,一个都不能少!为了方便后期扩容可以多写几个预留的IP。
# 生成证书,会生成server.pem和server-key.pem文件
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=www server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server
1)下载etcd二进制文件
地址:https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases/download/v3.4.9/etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64.tar.gz
2)创建工作目录并解压二进制包
mkdir /opt/etcd/{bin,cfg,ssl} -p
tar zxvf etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64.tar.gz
mv etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64/{etcd,etcdctl} /opt/etcd/bin/
3)创建etcd配置文件
cat > /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf << EOF
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd-1"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://10.0.0.71:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://10.0.0.71:2379"
#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://10.0.0.71:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://10.0.0.71:2379"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd-1=https://10.0.0.71:2380,etcd-2=https://10.0.0.72:2380,etcd-3=https://10.0.0.73:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
EOF
配置文件说明:
ETCD_NAME:节点名称,集群中唯一
ETCD_DATA_DIR:数据目录
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS:集群通信监听地址
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS:客户端访问监听地址
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEERURLS:集群通告地址
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS:客户端通告地址
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER:集群节点地址
ETCD_INITIALCLUSTER_TOKEN:集群Token
ETCD_INITIALCLUSTER_STATE:加入集群的当前状态,new是新集群,existing表示加入已有集群
4)systemd管理etcd
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Etcd Server
After=network.target
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target
[Service]
Type=notify
EnvironmentFile=/opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf
ExecStart=/opt/etcd/bin/etcd \
--cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
--peer-cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--peer-key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
--trusted-ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--peer-trusted-ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--logger=zap
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
5)拷贝生成的证书至指定位置
# 把刚才生成的证书拷贝到配置文件中的路径
cp ~/TLS/etcd/ca*pem ~/TLS/etcd/server*pem /opt/etcd/ssl/
6)启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start etcd
systemctl enable etcd
注意:此时启动一台etcd会显示hang住,这是因为其他两个节点并没有启动,可以查看日志/var/log/messages
7)将上面节点1所有生成的文件拷贝到节点2和节点3
scp -r /opt/etcd/ [email protected]:/opt/
scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service [email protected]:/usr/lib/systemd/system/
scp -r /opt/etcd/ [email protected]:/opt/
scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service [email protected]:/usr/lib/systemd/system/
8)在节点2和节点3分别修改etcd.conf
配置文件中的节点名称和当前服务器IP
vim /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd-1" # 修改此处,节点2改为etcd-2,节点3改为etcd-3
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://10.0.0.71:2380" # 修改此处为当前服务器IP
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://10.0.0.71:2379" # 修改此处为当前服务器IP
#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://10.0.0.71:2380" # 修改此处为当前服务器IP
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://10.0.0.71:2379" # 修改此处为当前服务器IP
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd-1=https://10.0.0.71:2380,etcd-2=https://10.0.0.72:2380,etcd-3=https://10.0.0.73:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
9)启动etcd并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start etcd
systemctl enable etcd
10)查看集群状态
ETCDCTL_API=3 /opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl --cacert=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --cert=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem --key=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem --endpoints="https://10.0.0.71:2379,https://10.0.0.72:2379,https://10.0.0.73:2379" endpoint health --write-out=table
# 显示结果如下,说明部署成功
+------------------------+--------+-------------+-------+
| ENDPOINT | HEALTH | TOOK | ERROR |
+------------------------+--------+-------------+-------+
| https://10.0.0.72:2379 | true | 15.05078ms | |
| https://10.0.0.71:2379 | true | 15.120261ms | |
| https://10.0.0.73:2379 | true | 17.14033ms | |
+------------------------+--------+-------------+-------+
如果有问题第一步先看日志:/var/log/message
或 journalctl -u etcd
##############etcd服务–错误排查###########################
搭建etcd服务启动后一直显示start状态,使用systemctl status etcd.service -l 查看详细信息如下
1、错误信息
systemctl status etcd.service
2、我的etcd服务配置
目录结构
[root@hdss7-21 opt]# tree etcd/
etcd/
├── bin
│ ├── etcd
│ └── etcdctl
├── cfg
│ └── etcd.conf
├── etcd.service
├── ssl
│ ├── ca.pem
│ ├── etcd-peer-key.pem
│ └── etcd-peer.pem
└── ssl-bak
├── ca.pem
├── server-key.pem
└── server.pem
主要的配置文件:etcd.conf 和 etcd.service
etcd.conf文件是要是etcd服务启动参数配置信息:
cat etcd.conf
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd-2"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.6.21:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.6.21:2379"
#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.6.21:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.6.21:2379,http://127.0.0.1:2379"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd-1=https://192.168.6.12:2380,etcd-2=https://192.168.6.21:2380,etcd-3=https://192.168.6.22:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
参数说明:可参考:etcd配置文件详解
ETCD_NAME=“etcd-2” : 节点名称
ETCD_DATA_DIR : 数据保存的目录
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS:用于监听其他etcd member的url
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS:对外提供服务的地址
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS:与其他节点交互信息的地址
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS:etcd客户端交互信息的地址
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER:集群中所有节点的信息。
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN:创建集群的 token,这个值每个集群保持唯一。
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE:初始集群状态
etcd.service文件
赋予执行权限并拷贝改文件到/etc/systemd/system/(个人理解:实现服务注册)
文件信息如下:
cat etcd.service
[Unit]
Description=Etcd Server
After=network.target
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target
[Service]
Type=notify
EnvironmentFile=/opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf
ExecStart=/opt/etcd/bin/etcd \
--name=${ETCD_NAME} \
--data-dir=${ETCD_DATA_DIR} \
--listen-peer-urls=${ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS} \
--listen-client-urls=${ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS},http://127.0.0.1:2379 \
--advertise-client-urls=${ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS} \
--initial-advertise-peer-urls=${ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS} \
--initial-cluster=${ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER} \
--initial-cluster-token=${ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN} \
--initial-cluster-state=new \
--cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
--peer-cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--peer-key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
--trusted-ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--peer-trusted-ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
3、问题解决
由于是从别的地方拷贝的etcd服务软件包,没有跟新证书,因此更新证书后,使用新的证书后(主要更改/etc/systemd/system/etcd.service ),如下信息:
cat etcd.service
[Unit]
Description=Etcd Server
After=network.target
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target
[Service]
Type=notify
EnvironmentFile=/opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf
ExecStart=/opt/etcd/bin/etcd \
--name=${ETCD_NAME} \
--data-dir=${ETCD_DATA_DIR} \
--listen-peer-urls=${ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS} \
--listen-client-urls=${ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS},http://127.0.0.1:2379 \
--advertise-client-urls=${ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS} \
--initial-advertise-peer-urls=${ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS} \
--initial-cluster=${ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER} \
--initial-cluster-token=${ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN} \
--initial-cluster-state=new \
--cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/etcd-peer.pem \
--key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/etcd-peer-key.pem \
--peer-cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/etcd-peer.pem \
--peer-key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/etcd-peer-key.pem \
--trusted-ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--peer-trusted-ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
4、重启服务
systemctl daemon-reaload
systemctl start etcd
服务ok
5、查看etcd服务集群状态
[root@hdss7-21 bin]# ./etcdctl cluster-health
member 44cf137c1267f893 is healthy: got healthy result from http://127.0.0.1:2379
member 47856ed020c3771a is healthy: got healthy result from http://127.0.0.1:2379
member 4f089e69d0c31399 is healthy: got healthy result from http://127.0.0.1:2379
cluster is healthy
错误
etcd: conflicting environment variable “ETCD_NAME” is shadowed by corresponding command-line flag (either unset environment variable or disable flag)
解决方法:etcd.service和etcd.conf配置文件有冲突,保留一个即可
etcd集群单节点检测正常
supervisorctl status
etcd-server-1-12 RUNNING pid 13282, uptime 0:00:42
集群节点检测报错如下:
./etcdctl member list
client: etcd cluster is unavailable or misconfigured; error #0: dial tcp 127.0.0.1:4001: getsockopt: connection refused
; error #1: client: endpoint http://127.0.0.1:2379 exceeded header timeout
查看日志
tail -200f /data/logs/etcd-server/etcd.stdout.log
可以看到报错是could not connect: x509,证书有问题
结决办法是重新生成etcd-peer证书,再次上传文件到对应的目录下
再次验证如下
./etcdctl cluster-health
member 22cb69b2fd1bb417 is healthy: got healthy result from http://127.0.0.1:2379
member 3c3bd4fd7d7e553e is healthy: got healthy result from http://127.0.0.1:2379
member bb9bd2baaebf7d95 is healthy: got healthy result from http://127.0.0.1:2379
cluster is healthy
这里使用Docker作为容器引擎,也可以换成别的,例如containerd
下载地址:https://download.docker.com/linux/static/stable/x86_64/docker-19.03.9.tgz
以下在所有节点操作。这里采用二进制安装,用yum安装也一样。
1)解压二进制软件包
tar zxvf docker-19.03.9.tgz
mv docker/* /usr/bin
docker version
2)systemd管理docker
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Docker Application Container Engine
Documentation=https://docs.docker.com
After=network-online.target firewalld.service
Wants=network-online.target
[Service]
Type=notify
ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
LimitNOFILE=infinity
LimitNPROC=infinity
LimitCORE=infinity
TimeoutStartSec=0
Delegate=yes
KillMode=process
Restart=on-failure
StartLimitBurst=3
StartLimitInterval=60s
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
3)创建配置文件
mkdir /etc/docker
cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json << EOF
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://b9pmyelo.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF
4)启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start docker
systemctl enable docker
4.1.1、自签证书签发机构(CA)
cd ~/TLS/k8s
cat > ca-config.json << EOF
{
"signing": {
"default": {
"expiry": "87600h"
},
"profiles": {
"kubernetes": {
"expiry": "87600h",
"usages": [
"signing",
"key encipherment",
"server auth",
"client auth"
]
}
}
}
}
EOF
cat > ca-csr.json << EOF
{
"CN": "kubernetes",
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "Beijing",
"ST": "Beijing",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "System"
}
]
}
EOF
# 生成证书:生成ca.pem和ca-key.pem文件
cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -
4.1.2、使用自签CA签发kube-apiserver HTTPS证书
# 创建证书请求文件
cat > server-csr.json << EOF
{
"CN": "kubernetes",
"hosts": [
"10.0.0.1",
"127.0.0.1",
"10.0.0.71",
"10.0.0.72",
"10.0.0.73",
"10.0.0.74",
"10.0.0.88",
"kubernetes",
"kubernetes.default",
"kubernetes.default.svc",
"kubernetes.default.svc.cluster",
"kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local"
],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "BeiJing",
"ST": "BeiJing",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "System"
}
]
}
EOF
注意:上述文件hosts字段中IP为所有Master/LB/VIP
IP,一个都不能少!为了方便后期扩容可以多写几个预留的IP
注:
如果 hosts 字段不为空则需要指定授权使用该证书的 IP 或域名列表。
由于该证书后续被 kubernetes master 集群使用,需要将master节点的IP都填上,同时还需要填写 service 网络的首个IP。(一般是 kube-apiserver 指定的 service-cluster-ip-range 网段的第一个IP,如 10.254.0.1)
# 生成证书,生成server.pem和server-key.pem
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server
4.1.3、部署kube-apiserver步骤
下载地址:https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-1.20.md
注:打开链接你会发现里面有很多包,下载一个server包就够了,包含了Master和Worker Node二进制文件
1)下载并解压二进制软件包
mkdir -p /opt/kubernetes/{bin,cfg,ssl,logs}
tar zxvf kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
cd kubernetes/server/bin
cp kube-apiserver kube-scheduler kube-controller-manager /opt/kubernetes/bin
cp kubectl /usr/bin/
2)创建配置文件
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver.conf << EOF
KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\
--etcd-servers=https://10.0.0.71:2379,https://10.0.0.72:2379,https://10.0.0.73:2379 \\
--bind-address=10.0.0.71 \\
--secure-port=6443 \\
--advertise-address=10.0.0.71 \\
--allow-privileged=true \\
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 \\
--enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction \\
--authorization-mode=RBAC,Node \\
--enable-bootstrap-token-auth=true \\
--token-auth-file=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv \\
--service-node-port-range=30000-32767 \\
--kubelet-client-certificate=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem \\
--kubelet-client-key=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \\
--tls-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem \\
--tls-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \\
--client-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--service-account-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \\
--service-account-issuer=api \\
--service-account-signing-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \\
--etcd-cafile=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \\
--etcd-certfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \\
--etcd-keyfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \\
--requestheader-client-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--proxy-client-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem \\
--proxy-client-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \\
--requestheader-allowed-names=kubernetes \\
--requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra- \\
--requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group \\
--requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User \\
--enable-aggregator-routing=true \\
--audit-log-maxage=30 \\
--audit-log-maxbackup=3 \\
--audit-log-maxsize=100 \\
--audit-log-path=/opt/kubernetes/logs/k8s-audit.log"
EOF
注:上面两个\ \ 第一个是转义符,第二个是换行符,使用转义符是为了使用EOF保留换行符
参数说明:
--logtostderr:启用日志
--v:日志等级
--log-dir:日志目录
--etcd-servers:etcd集群地址
--bind-address:监听地址
--secure-port:https安全端口
--advertise-address:集群通告地址
--allow-privileged:启用授权
--service-cluster-ip-range:Service虚拟IP地址段
--enable-admission-plugins:准入控制模块
--authorization-mode:认证授权,启用RBAC授权和节点自管理
--enable-bootstrap-token-auth:启用TLS bootstrap机制
--token-auth-file:bootstrap token文件
--service-node-port-range:Service nodeport类型默认分配端口范围
--kubelet-client-xxx:apiserver访问kubelet客户端证书
--tls-xxx-file:apiserver https证书
1.20版本必须加的参数:--service-account-issuer,--service-account-signing-key-file
--etcd-xxxfile:连接Etcd集群证书
--audit-log-xxx:审计日志
启动聚合层相关配置:--requestheader-client-ca-file,--proxy-client-cert-file,--proxy-client-key-file,--requestheader-allowed-names,--requestheader-extra-headers-prefix,--requestheader-group-headers,--requestheader-username-headers,--enable-aggregator-routing
或者
vim kube-apiserver.conf
KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS="--enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,NodeRestriction,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,DefaultStorageClass,ResourceQuota \
--anonymous-auth=false \
--bind-address=172.10.1.11 \
--secure-port=6443 \
--advertise-address=172.10.1.11 \
--insecure-port=0 \
--authorization-mode=Node,RBAC \
--runtime-config=api/all=true \
--enable-bootstrap-token-auth \
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.255.0.0/16 \
--token-auth-file=/etc/kubernetes/token.csv \
--service-node-port-range=30000-50000 \
--tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem \
--tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem \
--client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--kubelet-client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem \
--kubelet-client-key=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem \
--service-account-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \
--service-account-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \ # 1.20以上版本必须有此参数
--service-account-issuer=https://kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local \ # 1.20以上版本必须有此参数
--etcd-cafile=/etc/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--etcd-certfile=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem \
--etcd-keyfile=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem \
--etcd-servers=https://172.10.1.11:2379,https://172.10.1.12:2379,https://172.10.1.13:2379 \
--enable-swagger-ui=true \
--allow-privileged=true \
--apiserver-count=3 \
--audit-log-maxage=30 \
--audit-log-maxbackup=3 \
--audit-log-maxsize=100 \
--audit-log-path=/var/log/kube-apiserver-audit.log \
--event-ttl=1h \
--alsologtostderr=true \
--logtostderr=false \
--log-dir=/var/log/kubernetes \
--v=4"
注:
–logtostderr:启用日志
–v:日志等级
–log-dir:日志目录
–etcd-servers:etcd集群地址
–bind-address:监听地址
–secure-port:https安全端口
–advertise-address:集群通告地址
–allow-privileged:启用授权
–service-cluster-ip-range:Service虚拟IP地址段
–enable-admission-plugins:准入控制模块
–authorization-mode:认证授权,启用RBAC授权和节点自管理
–enable-bootstrap-token-auth:启用TLS bootstrap机制
–token-auth-file:bootstrap token文件
–service-node-port-range:Service nodeport类型默认分配端口范围
–kubelet-client-xxx:apiserver访问kubelet客户端证书
–tls-xxx-file:apiserver https证书
–etcd-xxxfile:连接Etcd集群证书
–audit-log-xxx:审计日志
3)拷贝生成的证书
# 把刚才生成的证书拷贝到配置文件中的路径
cp ~/TLS/k8s/ca*pem ~/TLS/k8s/server*pem /opt/kubernetes/ssl/
4)启用 TLS Bootstrapping 机制
TLS Bootstraping:Master apiserver启用TLS认证后,Node节点kubelet和kube-proxy要与kube-apiserver进行通信,必须使用CA签发的有效证书才可以,当Node节点很多时,这种客户端证书颁发需要大量工作,同样也会增加集群扩展复杂度。为了简化流程,Kubernetes引入了TLS bootstraping机制来自动颁发客户端证书,kubelet会以一个低权限用户自动向apiserver申请证书,kubelet的证书由apiserver动态签署。所以强烈建议在Node上使用这种方式,目前主要用于kubelet,kube-proxy还是由我们统一颁发一个证书。
TLS bootstraping
工作流程:
5)创建token文件
# 格式:token,用户名,UID,用户组
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv << EOF
c47ffb939f5ca36231d9e3121a252940,kubelet-bootstrap,10001,"system:node-bootstrapper"
EOF
token也可自行生成替换:
head -c 16 /dev/urandom | od -An -t x | tr -d ' '
6)systemd管理apiserver
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes API Server
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-apiserver \$KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
7)启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-apiserver
systemctl enable kube-apiserver
测试
curl --insecure https://172.10.1.11:6443/
有返回说明启动正常
1)创建配置文件
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager.conf << EOF
KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\
--leader-elect=true \\
--kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig \\
--bind-address=127.0.0.1 \\
--allocate-node-cidrs=true \\
--cluster-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 \\
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 \\
--cluster-signing-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--cluster-signing-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \\
--root-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--service-account-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \\
--cluster-signing-duration=87600h0m0s"
EOF
配置说明:
--kubeconfig:连接apiserver配置文件
--leader-elect:当该组件启动多个时,自动选举(HA)
--cluster-signing-cert-file/--cluster-signing-key-file:自动为kubelet颁发证书的CA,与apiserver保持一致
2)生成kubeconfig文件
生成kube-controller-manager证书:
# 切换工作目录
cd ~/TLS/k8s
# 创建证书请求文件
cat > kube-controller-manager-csr.json << EOF
{
"CN": "system:kube-controller-manager",
"hosts": [], #hosts 列表包含所有 kube-controller-manager 节点 IP;
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "BeiJing",
"ST": "BeiJing",
"O": "system:masters",
"OU": "System"
}
]
}
EOF
注:
hosts 列表包含所有 kube-controller-manager 节点 IP;
CN 为 system:kube-controller-manager、O 为 system:kube-controller-manager,kubernetes 内置的 ClusterRoleBindings system:kube-controller-manager 赋予 kube-controller-manager 工作所需的权限
EX:{
"CN": "system:kube-controller-manager",
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"hosts": [
"127.0.0.1",
"172.10.1.11",
"172.10.1.12",
"172.10.1.13"
],
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"ST": "Hubei",
"L": "Wuhan",
"O": "system:kube-controller-manager",
"OU": "system"
}
]
}
# 生成证书
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-controller-manager-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-controller-manager
生成kubeconfig文件(以下是shell命令,直接在终端执行):
KUBE_CONFIG="/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig"
KUBE_APISERVER="https://10.0.0.71:6443"
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
--certificate-authority=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
--kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config set-credentials kube-controller-manager \
--client-certificate=./kube-controller-manager.pem \
--client-key=./kube-controller-manager-key.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config set-context default \
--cluster=kubernetes \
--user=kube-controller-manager \
--kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
3)systemd管理controller-manager
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Controller Manager
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-controller-manager \$KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
4)启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-controller-manager
systemctl enable kube-controller-manager
1)创建配置文件
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler.conf << EOF
KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\
--leader-elect \\
--kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler.kubeconfig \\
--bind-address=127.0.0.1"
EOF
参数说明:
--kubeconfig:连接apiserver配置文件
--leader-elect:当该组件启动多个时,自动选举(HA)
2)生成kubeconfig文件
生成kube-scheduler证书:
# 切换工作目录
cd ~/TLS/k8s
# 创建证书请求文件
cat > kube-scheduler-csr.json << EOF
{
"CN": "system:kube-scheduler",
"hosts": [],#hosts 列表包含所有 kube-scheduler 节点 IP;
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "BeiJing",
"ST": "BeiJing",
"O": "system:masters",
"OU": "System"
}
]
}
EOF
注:
hosts 列表包含所有 kube-scheduler 节点 IP;
CN 为 system:kube-scheduler、O 为 system:kube-scheduler,kubernetes 内置的 ClusterRoleBindings system:kube-scheduler 将赋予 kube-scheduler 工作所需的权限。
EX:
{
"CN": "system:kube-scheduler",
"hosts": [
"127.0.0.1",
"172.10.1.11",
"172.10.1.12",
"172.10.1.13"
],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"ST": "Hubei",
"L": "Wuhan",
"O": "system:kube-scheduler",
"OU": "system"
}
]
}
# 生成证书
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-scheduler-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-scheduler
生成kubeconfig文件(以下是shell命令,直接在终端执行):
KUBE_CONFIG="/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler.kubeconfig"
KUBE_APISERVER="https://10.0.0.71:6443"
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
--certificate-authority=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
--kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config set-credentials kube-scheduler \
--client-certificate=./kube-scheduler.pem \
--client-key=./kube-scheduler-key.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config set-context default \
--cluster=kubernetes \
--user=kube-scheduler \
--kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
3)systemd管理scheduler
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Scheduler
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-scheduler \$KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
4)启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-scheduler
systemctl enable kube-scheduler
5)查看集群状态
生成kubectl连接集群的证书:
cat > admin-csr.json <
说明:
后续 kube-apiserver 使用 RBAC 对客户端(如 kubelet、kube-proxy、Pod)请求进行授权;
kube-apiserver 预定义了一些 RBAC 使用的 RoleBindings,如 cluster-admin 将 Group system:masters 与 Role cluster-admin 绑定,该 Role 授予了调用kube-apiserver 的所有 API的权限;
O指定该证书的 Group 为 system:masters,kubelet 使用该证书访问 kube-apiserver 时 ,由于证书被 CA 签名,所以认证通过,同时由于证书用户组为经过预授权的 system:masters,所以被授予访问所有 API 的权限;
注:
这个admin 证书,是将来生成管理员用的kube config 配置文件用的,现在我们一般建议使用RBAC 来对kubernetes 进行角色权限控制, kubernetes 将证书中的CN 字段 作为User, O 字段作为 Group;
“O”: “system:masters”, 必须是system:masters,否则后面kubectl create clusterrolebinding报错。
创建kubeconfig配置文件
kubeconfig 为 kubectl 的配置文件,包含访问 apiserver 的所有信息,如 apiserver 地址、CA 证书和自身使用的证书
生成kubeconfig文件:
mkdir /root/.kube
KUBE_CONFIG="/root/.kube/config"
KUBE_APISERVER="https://10.0.0.71:6443"
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
--certificate-authority=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
--kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config set-credentials cluster-admin \
--client-certificate=./admin.pem \
--client-key=./admin-key.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config set-context default \
--cluster=kubernetes \
--user=cluster-admin \
--kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
将这两个文件拷贝到Node节点/opt/kubernetes/cfg目录下。 !!!!不能忽略
[root@master k8s]# scp bootstrap.kubeconfig kube-proxy.kubeconfig node1:/opt/kubernetes/cfg
[root@master k8s]# scp bootstrap.kubeconfig kube-proxy.kubeconfig node2:/opt/kubernetes/cfg
或者
设置集群参数
[root@master1 work]# kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes --certificate-authority=ca.pem --embed-certs=true --server=https://172.10.0.20:6443 --kubeconfig=kube.config
设置客户端认证参数
[root@master1 work]# kubectl config set-credentials admin --client-certificate=admin.pem --client-key=admin-key.pem --embed-certs=true --kubeconfig=kube.config
设置上下文参数
[root@master1 work]# kubectl config set-context kubernetes --cluster=kubernetes --user=admin --kubeconfig=kube.config
设置默认上下文
[root@master1 work]# kubectl config use-context kubernetes --kubeconfig=kube.config
[root@master1 work]# mkdir ~/.kube
[root@master1 work]# cp kube.config ~/.kube/config
授权kubernetes证书访问kubelet api权限
[root@master1 work]# kubectl create clusterrolebinding kube-apiserver:kubelet-apis --clusterrole=system:kubelet-api-admin --user kubernetes
查看集群组件状态
上面步骤完成后,kubectl就可以与kube-apiserver通信了
[root@master1 work]# kubectl cluster-info
[root@master1 work]# kubectl get componentstatuses
[root@master1 work]# kubectl get all --all-namespaces
同步kubectl配置文件到其他节点
[root@master1 work]# rsync -vaz /root/.kube/config master2:/root/.kube/
[root@master1 work]# rsync -vaz /root/.kube/config master3:/root/.kube/
配置kubectl子命令补全
[root@master1 work]# yum install -y bash-completion
[root@master1 work]# source /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion
[root@master1 work]# source <(kubectl completion bash)
[root@master1 work]# kubectl completion bash > ~/.kube/completion.bash.inc
[root@master1 work]# source '/root/.kube/completion.bash.inc'
[root@master1 work]# source $HOME/.bash_profile
通过kubectl工具查看当前集群组件状态:
kubectl get cs
# 如下输出说明Master节点组件运行正常
Warning: v1 ComponentStatus is deprecated in v1.19+
NAME STATUS MESSAGE ERROR
scheduler Healthy ok
controller-manager Healthy ok
etcd-2 Healthy {"health":"true"}
etcd-1 Healthy {"health":"true"}
etcd-0 Healthy {"health":"true"}
6)授权kubelet-bootstrap用户允许请求证书
kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubelet-bootstrap \
--clusterrole=system:node-bootstrapper \
--user=kubelet-bootstrap
下面还是在Master Node上操作,即同时作为Worker Node
# 在所有worker node创建工作目录(master已创建,新加入节点需要创建)
mkdir -p /opt/kubernetes/{bin,cfg,ssl,logs}
tar xvf kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
# 从解压的k8s server压缩包中拷贝文件
cd /root/soft/kubernetes/server/bin
cp kubelet kube-proxy /opt/kubernetes/bin
1)创建配置文件
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf << EOF
KUBELET_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\
--hostname-override=k8s-master1 \\
--network-plugin=cni \\
--kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig \\
--bootstrap-kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/bootstrap.kubeconfig \\
--config=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet-config.yml \\
--cert-dir=/opt/kubernetes/ssl \\
--pod-infra-container-image=lizhenliang/pause-amd64:3.0"
EOF
参数说明:
--hostname-override:显示名称,集群中唯一
--network-plugin:启用CNI
--kubeconfig:空路径,会自动生成,后面用于连接apiserver
--bootstrap-kubeconfig:首次启动向apiserver申请证书
--config:配置参数文件
--cert-dir:kubelet证书生成目录
--pod-infra-container-image:管理Pod网络容器的镜像
2)配置参数文件
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet-config.yml << EOF
kind: KubeletConfiguration
apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
address: 0.0.0.0
port: 10250
readOnlyPort: 10255
cgroupDriver: cgroupfs
clusterDNS:
- 10.0.0.2
clusterDomain: cluster.local
failSwapOn: false
authentication:
anonymous:
enabled: false
webhook:
cacheTTL: 2m0s
enabled: true
x509:
clientCAFile: /opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem
authorization:
mode: Webhook
webhook:
cacheAuthorizedTTL: 5m0s
cacheUnauthorizedTTL: 30s
evictionHard:
imagefs.available: 15%
memory.available: 100Mi
nodefs.available: 10%
nodefs.inodesFree: 5%
maxOpenFiles: 1000000
maxPods: 110
EOF
3)生成kubelet初次加入集群引导kubeconfig文件
KUBE_CONFIG="/opt/kubernetes/cfg/bootstrap.kubeconfig"
KUBE_APISERVER="https://10.0.0.71:6443" # apiserver IP:PORT
TOKEN="c47ffb939f5ca36231d9e3121a252940" # 与token.csv里保持一致
# 生成 kubelet bootstrap kubeconfig 配置文件
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
--certificate-authority=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
--kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config set-credentials "kubelet-bootstrap" \
--token=${TOKEN} \
--kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config set-context default \
--cluster=kubernetes \
--user="kubelet-bootstrap" \
--kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
4)systemd管理kubelet
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kubelet
After=docker.service
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kubelet \$KUBELET_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
5)启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kubelet
systemctl enable kubelet
6)批准kubelet证书申请并加入集群
# 查看kubelet证书请求
kubectl get csr
NAME AGE SIGNERNAME REQUESTOR CONDITION
node-csr-jaqXhwxFBnD-1ui9omPdF__0SGovk2ZRhszz_QMGJxI 62s kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet kubelet-bootstrap Pending
# 批准申请
kubectl certificate approve node-csr-jaqXhwxFBnD-1ui9omPdF__0SGovk2ZRhszz_QMGJxI
# 查看节点(由于网络插件还没有部署,节点会没有准备就绪 NotReady)
kubectl get node
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
k8s-master1 NotReady 7s v1.20.4
master节点:
在Master审批Node加入集群:
启动后还没加入到集群中,需要手动允许该节点才可以。
在Master节点查看请求签名的Node:
[root@master ~]# /opt/kubernetes/bin/kubectl get csr
找到NAME
[root@master ~]# /opt/kubernetes/bin/kubectl certificate approve 刚刚获取到的NAME
[root@master ~]# /opt/kubernetes/bin/kubectl get node
1)创建配置文件
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.conf << EOF
KUBE_PROXY_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\
--config=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml"
EOF
2)配置参数文件
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml << EOF
kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
bindAddress: 0.0.0.0
metricsBindAddress: 0.0.0.0:10249
clientConnection:
kubeconfig: /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.kubeconfig
hostnameOverride: k8s-master1
clusterCIDR: 10.0.0.0/24
EOF
3)生成kube-proxy.kubeconfig文件
生成kube-proxy证书:
# 切换工作目录
cd ~/TLS/k8s
# 创建证书请求文件
cat > kube-proxy-csr.json << EOF
{
"CN": "system:kube-proxy",
"hosts": [],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "BeiJing",
"ST": "BeiJing",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "System"
}
]
}
EOF
# 生成证书
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-proxy-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-proxy
生成kubeconfig文件:
KUBE_CONFIG="/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.kubeconfig"
KUBE_APISERVER="https://10.0.0.71:6443"
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
--certificate-authority=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
--kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config set-credentials kube-proxy \
--client-certificate=./kube-proxy.pem \
--client-key=./kube-proxy-key.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config set-context default \
--cluster=kubernetes \
--user=kube-proxy \
--kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
4)systemd管理kube-proxy
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Proxy
After=network.target
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-proxy \$KUBE_PROXY_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
5)启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-proxy
systemctl enable kube-proxy
Calico
是一个纯三层的数据中心网络方案,是目前Kubernetes主流的网络方案。
wget https://docs.projectcalico.org/v3.14/manifests/calico.yaml
下载地址:Project Calico Documentation
# 部署Calico
kubectl apply -f calico.yaml
kubectl get pods -n kube-system
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
calico-kube-controllers-97769f7c7-q9thh 1/1 Running 0 2m12s
calico-node-pjxtr 1/1 Running 0 2m12s
# 等Calico Pod都Running,节点也会准备就绪
kubectl get node
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
k8s-master1 Ready 18m v1.20.4
应用场景:例如kubectl logs
cat > apiserver-to-kubelet-rbac.yaml << EOF
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
annotations:
rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: "true"
labels:
kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults
name: system:kube-apiserver-to-kubelet
rules:
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- nodes/proxy
- nodes/stats
- nodes/log
- nodes/spec
- nodes/metrics
- pods/log
verbs:
- "*"
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
name: system:kube-apiserver
namespace: ""
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: system:kube-apiserver-to-kubelet
subjects:
- apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: User
name: kubernetes
EOF
kubectl apply -f apiserver-to-kubelet-rbac.yaml
1)拷贝已部署好的Node相关文件到新节点
# 在Master节点将Worker Node涉及文件拷贝到新节点10.0.0.72/73
scp -r /opt/kubernetes [email protected]:/opt/
scp -r /usr/lib/systemd/system/{kubelet,kube-proxy}.service [email protected]:/usr/lib/systemd/system
scp /opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem [email protected]:/opt/kubernetes/ssl
2)删除kubelet证书和kubeconfig文件
注:这几个文件是证书申请审批后自动生成的,每个Node不同,必须删除
rm -f /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig
rm -f /opt/kubernetes/ssl/kubelet*
3)修改配置文件中的主机名
vim /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf
--hostname-override=k8s-node1
vim /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml
hostnameOverride: k8s-node1
4)启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kubelet kube-proxy
systemctl enable kubelet kube-proxy
5)在Master上批准新Node kubelet证书申请
# 查看证书请求
kubectl get csr
NAME AGE SIGNERNAME REQUESTOR CONDITION
node-csr-E0cAzR_Tv7S1l6eThCsx5IeVG20AYSeTLOrgW5mAZFA 70s kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet kubelet-bootstrap Pending
# 同意授权请求
kubectl certificate approve node-csr-E0cAzR_Tv7S1l6eThCsx5IeVG20AYSeTLOrgW5mAZFA
6)查看Node状态
kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
k8s-master1 Ready 31m v1.20.4
k8s-node01 Ready 111s v1.20.4
Node2(10.0.0.73 )节点同上。记得修改主机名!
https://github.com/luckylucky421/kubernetes1.17.3
kubectl apply -f kubernetes-dashboard.yaml
# 查看部署
kubectl get pods,svc -n kubernetes-dashboard
访问地址:https://NodeIP:30001
创建service account并绑定默认cluster-admin管理员集群角色:
kubectl create serviceaccount dashboard-admin -n kube-system
kubectl create clusterrolebinding dashboard-admin --clusterrole=cluster-admin --serviceaccount=kube-system:dashboard-admin
kubectl describe secrets -n kube-system $(kubectl -n kube-system get secret | awk '/dashboard-admin/{print $1}')
使用输出的token登录Dashboard:
CoreDNS用于集群内部Service名称解析:
kubectl apply -f coredns.yaml
kubectl get pods -n kube-system
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
coredns-5ffbfd976d-j6shb 1/1 Running 0 32s
DNS解析测试:
kubectl run -it --rm dns-test --image=busybox:1.28.4 sh
If you don't see a command prompt, try pressing enter.
/ # nslookup kubernetes
Server: 10.0.0.2
Address 1: 10.0.0.2 kube-dns.kube-system.svc.cluster.local
Name: kubernetes
Address 1: 10.0.0.1 kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local
解析没问题。
至此一个单Master集群就搭建完成了!这个环境就足以满足学习实验了,如果你的服务器配置较高,可继续扩容多Master集群!
Kubernetes作为容器集群系统,通过健康检查+重启策略实现了Pod故障自我修复能力,通过调度算法实现将Pod分布式部署,并保持预期副本数,根据Node失效状态自动在其他Node拉起Pod,实现了应用层的高可用性。
针对Kubernetes集群,高可用性还应包含以下两个层面的考虑:Etcd数据库的高可用性和Kubernetes Master组件的高可用性。 而Etcd我们已经采用3个节点组建集群实现高可用,本节将对Master节点高可用进行说明和实施。
Master节点扮演着总控中心的角色,通过不断与工作节点上的Kubelet和kube-proxy进行通信来维护整个集群的健康工作状态。如果Master节点故障,将无法使用kubectl工具或者API做任何集群管理。
Master节点主要有三个服务kube-apiserver、kube-controller-manager和kube-scheduler,其中kube-controller-manager和kube-scheduler组件自身通过选择机制已经实现了高可用,所以Master高可用主要针对kube-apiserver组件,而该组件是以HTTP API提供服务,因此对他高可用与Web服务器类似,增加负载均衡器对其负载均衡即可,并且可水平扩容。
多Master架构图:
现在需要再增加一台新服务器,作为Master02节点,IP是10.0.0.74。
Master02 与已部署的Master01所有操作一致。所以我们只需将Master1所有K8s文件拷贝过来,再修改下服务器IP和主机名启动即可
1)安装docker
scp /usr/bin/docker* [email protected]:/usr/bin
scp /usr/bin/runc [email protected]:/usr/bin
scp /usr/bin/containerd* [email protected]:/usr/bin
scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service [email protected]:/usr/lib/systemd/system
scp -r /etc/docker [email protected]:/etc
# 在Master2启动Docker
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start docker
systemctl enable docker
2)创建etcd证书目录
# 在Master02创建etcd证书目录
mkdir -p /opt/etcd/ssl
3)拷贝master01上文件到master02
# 拷贝Master01上所有K8s文件和etcd证书到Master02
scp -r /opt/kubernetes [email protected]:/opt
scp -r /opt/etcd/ssl [email protected]:/opt/etcd
scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube* [email protected]:/usr/lib/systemd/system
scp /usr/bin/kubectl [email protected]:/usr/bin
scp -r ~/.kube [email protected]:~
4)删除证书文件
# 删除kubelet证书和kubeconfig文件
rm -f /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig
rm -f /opt/kubernetes/ssl/kubelet*
5)修改配置文件IP和主机名
# 修改apiserver、kubelet和kube-proxy配置文件为本地IP
vim /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver.conf
...
--bind-address=10.0.0.74 \
--advertise-address=10.0.0.74 \
...
vim /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf
--hostname-override=k8s-master02
vim /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml
hostnameOverride: k8s-master02
6)启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-apiserver kube-controller-manager kube-scheduler kubelet kube-proxy
systemctl enable kube-apiserver kube-controller-manager kube-scheduler kubelet kube-proxy
7)查看集群状态
# 修改连接master为本机IP
vim ~/.kube/config
...
server: https://10.0.0.74:6443
kubectl get cs
Warning: v1 ComponentStatus is deprecated in v1.19+
NAME STATUS MESSAGE ERROR
scheduler Healthy ok
controller-manager Healthy ok
etcd-2 Healthy {"health":"true"}
etcd-1 Healthy {"health":"true"}
etcd-0 Healthy {"health":"true"}
8)批准kubelet证书申请
# 查看证书请求
kubectl get csr
NAME AGE SIGNERNAME REQUESTOR CONDITION
node-csr-JYNknakEa_YpHz797oKaN-ZTk43nD51Zc9CJkBLcASU 85m kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet kubelet-bootstrap Pending
# 授权请求
kubectl certificate approve node-csr-JYNknakEa_YpHz797oKaN-ZTk43nD51Zc9CJkBLcASU
# 查看Node
kubectl get node
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
k8s-master1 Ready 34h v1.20.4
k8s-master2 Ready 2m v1.20.4
k8s-node1 Ready 33h v1.20.4
k8s-node2 Ready 33h v1.20.4
kube-apiserver高可用架构图:
Nginx
是一个主流Web服务和反向代理服务器,这里用四层实现对apiserver实现负载均衡。
Keepalived
是一个主流高可用软件,基于VIP绑定实现服务器双机热备,在上述拓扑中,Keepalived主要根据Nginx运行状态判断是否需要故障转移(漂移VIP),例如当Nginx主节点挂掉,VIP会自动绑定在Nginx备节点,从而保证VIP一直可用,实现Nginx高可用。
注1:为了节省机器,这里与K8s Master节点机器复用。也可以独立于k8s集群之外部署,只要nginx与apiserver能通信就行。
注2:如果你是在公有云上,一般都不支持keepalived,那么你可以直接用它们的负载均衡器产品,直接负载均衡多台Master kube-apiserver,架构与上面一样。
在两台Master节点操作:
1)安装软件包(主/备)
yum install epel-release -y
yum install nginx keepalived -y
2)Nginx配置文件(主备一样)
cat > /etc/nginx/nginx.conf << "EOF"
user nginx;
worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid /run/nginx.pid;
include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
# 四层负载均衡,为两台Master apiserver组件提供负载均衡
stream {
log_format main '$remote_addr $upstream_addr - [$time_local] $status $upstream_bytes_sent';
access_log /var/log/nginx/k8s-access.log main;
upstream k8s-apiserver {
server 10.0.0.71:6443; # Master1 APISERVER IP:PORT
server 10.0.0.72:6443; # Master2 APISERVER IP:PORT
}
server {
listen 16443; # 由于nginx与master节点复用,这个监听端口不能是6443,否则会冲突
proxy_pass k8s-apiserver;
}
}
http {
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
types_hash_max_size 2048;
include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
server {
listen 80 default_server;
server_name _;
location / {
}
}
}
EOF
3)keepalived配置文件(Nginx Master)
cat > /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf << EOF
global_defs {
notification_email {
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
}
notification_email_from [email protected]
smtp_server 127.0.0.1
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id NGINX_MASTER
}
vrrp_script check_nginx {
script "/etc/keepalived/check_nginx.sh"
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER
interface eth0 # 修改为实际网卡名
virtual_router_id 51 # VRRP 路由 ID实例,每个实例是唯一的
priority 100 # 优先级,备服务器设置 90
advert_int 1 # 指定VRRP 心跳包通告间隔时间,默认1秒
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
# 虚拟IP
virtual_ipaddress {
10.0.0.88/24
}
track_script {
check_nginx
}
}
EOF
参数说明:
vrrp_script:指定检查nginx工作状态脚本(根据nginx状态判断是否故障转移)
virtual_ipaddress:虚拟IP(VIP)
准备上述配置文件中检查nginx运行状态的脚本:
cat > /etc/keepalived/check_nginx.sh << "EOF"
#!/bin/bash
count=$(ss -antp |grep 16443 |egrep -cv "grep|$$")
if [ "$count" -eq 0 ];then
exit 1
else
exit 0
fi
EOF
chmod +x /etc/keepalived/check_nginx.sh
注:keepalived根据脚本返回状态码(0为工作正常,非0不正常)判断是否故障转移
4)keepalived配置文件(Nginx Backup)
cat > /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf << EOF
global_defs {
notification_email {
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
}
notification_email_from [email protected]
smtp_server 127.0.0.1
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id NGINX_BACKUP
}
vrrp_script check_nginx {
script "/etc/keepalived/check_nginx.sh"
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state BACKUP
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 51 # VRRP 路由 ID实例,每个实例是唯一的
priority 90
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
10.0.0.88/24
}
track_script {
check_nginx
}
}
EOF
准备上述配置文件中检查nginx运行状态的脚本:
cat > /etc/keepalived/check_nginx.sh << "EOF"
#!/bin/bash
count=$(ss -antp |grep 16443 |egrep -cv "grep|$$")
if [ "$count" -eq 0 ];then
exit 1
else
exit 0
fi
EOF
chmod +x /etc/keepalived/check_nginx.sh
5)启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start nginx keepalived
systemctl enable nginx keepalived
6)查看keepalived工作状态
可以看到,在eth0网卡绑定了10.0.0.88 虚拟IP,说明工作正常。
7)Nginx+Keepalived高可用测试
关闭主节点Nginx,测试VIP是否漂移到备节点服务器。
在Nginx Master执行systemctl stop nginx;
在Nginx Backup,ip addr命令查看已成功绑定VIP。
8)访问负载均衡器测试
找K8s集群中任意一个节点,使用curl查看K8s版本测试,使用VIP访问:
curl -k https://10.0.0.88:16443/version
{
"major": "1",
"minor": "20",
"gitVersion": "v1.20.4",
"gitCommit": "e87da0bd6e03ec3fea7933c4b5263d151aafd07c",
"gitTreeState": "clean",
"buildDate": "2021-02-18T16:03:00Z",
"goVersion": "go1.15.8",
"compiler": "gc",
"platform": "linux/amd64"
}
可以正确获取到K8s版本信息,说明负载均衡器搭建正常。该请求数据流程:curl -> vip(nginx) -> apiserver
通过查看Nginx日志也可以看到转发apiserver IP:
tail -f /var/log/nginx/k8s-access.log
10.0.0.73 10.0.0.71:6443 - [12/Apr/2021:18:08:43 +0800] 200 411
10.0.0.73 10.0.0.72:6443, 10.0.0.71:6443 - [12/Apr/2021:18:08:43 +0800] 200 0, 411
9)修改所有Worker Node连接LB VIP
试想下,虽然我们增加了Master02 Node和负载均衡器,但是我们是从单Master架构扩容的,也就是说目前所有的Worker Node组件连接都还是Master01 Node,如果不改为连接VIP走负载均衡器,那么Master还是单点故障。
因此接下来就是要改所有Worker Node(kubectl get node命令查看到的节点)组件配置文件,由原来10.0.0.71修改为10.0.0.88(VIP)。
在所有Worker Node执行:
sed -i 's#10.0.0.71:6443#10.0.0.88:16443#' /opt/kubernetes/cfg/*
systemctl restart kubelet kube-proxy
检查节点状态:
kubectl get node
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
k8s-master02 Ready 26m v1.20.4
k8s-master1 Ready 3h21m v1.20.4
k8s-node01 Ready 172m v1.20.4
k8s-node02 Ready 167m v1.20.4
至此,一套完整的 Kubernetes 高可用集群就部署完成了!