在WPF开发中,默认控件的样式常常无法满足实际的应用需求,我们通常都会采用引入第三方控件库的方式来美化UI,使得应用软件的设计风格更加统一。常用的WPF的UI控件库主要有以下几种,如:Modern UI for WPF,MaterialDesignInXamlToolkit,PanuonUI,Newbeecoder.UI,WPF UI ,AduSkin,Panuon.UI.Silver,HandyControl,MahApps.Metro,Kino.Toolkit.Wpf,Xceed Extended WPF Toolkit™,Kino.Toolkit.Wpf,PP.Wpf,Adonis-ui,CC.WPFTools,CookPopularControl ,PropertyTools,RRQMSkin,Layui-WPF,Arthas-WPFUI,fruit-vent-design,Fluent.Ribbon,DMSkin WPF,EASkins_WPF,Rubyer-WPF,WPFDevelopers.Minimal ,WPFDevelopers,DevExpress WPF UI Library,ReactiveUI,Telerik UI for WPF等等,面对如此之多的WPF 第三方UI控件库,可谓各有特色,不一而同,对于具有选择综合症的开发人员来说,真的很难抉择。在实际工作中,软件经过统一的UI设计以后,和具体的业务紧密相连,往往这些通用的UI框架很难百分之百的契合,这时候,就需要我们自己去实现自定义控件【Custom Control】来解决。本文以自定义窗口为例,简述如何通过自定义控件来扩展功能和样式,仅供学习分享使用,如有不足之处,还请指正。
自定义控件Custom Control,通过集成现有控件(如:Button , Window等)进行扩展,或者继承Control基类两种方式,和用户控件【User Control不太相同】,具体差异如下所示:
本文所讲解的侧重点为自定义控件,所以用户控件不再过多阐述。
首先在解决方案中,创建一个WPF类库项目【SmallSixUI.Templates】,作为控件库,后续所有自定义控件,都可以在此项目中开发。并创建Controls,Styles,Themes,Utils等文件夹,分别存放控件类,样式,主题,帮助类等内容,作为控件库的基础结构,如下所示:
在Controls目录中,创建自定义窗口AiWindow,继承自Window类,即此类具有窗口的一切功能,并具有扩展出来的自定义功能。在此自定义窗口中,我们可以自定义窗口标题的字体颜色HeaderForeground,背景色HeaderBackground,是否显示标题IsShowHeader,标题高度HeaderHeight,窗口动画类型Type等内容,具体如下所示:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Automation.Text;
using System.Windows;
using SmallSixUI.Templates.Utils;
using System.Windows.Controls;
using System.Windows.Media;
using System.Windows.Shell;
namespace SmallSixUI.Templates.Controls
{
[TemplatePart(Name = "PART_CloseWindowButton", Type = typeof(Button))]
[TemplatePart(Name = "PART_MaxWindowButton", Type = typeof(Button))]
[TemplatePart(Name = "PART_MinWindowButton", Type = typeof(Button))]
public class AiWindow : Window
{
///
/// 关闭窗体
///
private Button PART_CloseWindowButton = null;
///
/// 窗体缩放
///
private Button PART_MaxWindowButton = null;
///
/// 最小化窗体
///
private Button PART_MinWindowButton = null;
///
/// 设置重写默认样式
///
static AiWindow()
{
StyleProperty.OverrideMetadata(typeof(AiWindow), new FrameworkPropertyMetadata(AiResourceHelper.GetStyle(nameof(AiWindow) + "Style")));
}
///
/// 顶部内容
///
[Bindable(true)]
public object HeaderContent
{
get { return (object)GetValue(HeaderContentProperty); }
set { SetValue(HeaderContentProperty, value); }
}
// Using a DependencyProperty as the backing store for HeaderContent. This enables animation, styling, binding, etc...
public static readonly DependencyProperty HeaderContentProperty =
DependencyProperty.Register("HeaderContent", typeof(object), typeof(AiWindow));
///
/// 头部标题栏文字颜色
///
[Bindable(true)]
public Brush HeaderForeground
{
get { return (Brush)GetValue(HeaderForegroundProperty); }
set { SetValue(HeaderForegroundProperty, value); }
}
// Using a DependencyProperty as the backing store for HeaderForeground. This enables animation, styling, binding, etc...
public static readonly DependencyProperty HeaderForegroundProperty =
DependencyProperty.Register("HeaderForeground", typeof(Brush), typeof(AiWindow), new PropertyMetadata(Brushes.White));
///
/// 头部标题栏背景色
///
[Bindable(true)]
public Brush HeaderBackground
{
get { return (Brush)GetValue(HeaderBackgroundProperty); }
set { SetValue(HeaderBackgroundProperty, value); }
}
// Using a DependencyProperty as the backing store for MyProperty. This enables animation, styling, binding, etc...
public static readonly DependencyProperty HeaderBackgroundProperty =
DependencyProperty.Register("HeaderBackground", typeof(Brush), typeof(AiWindow));
///
/// 是否显示头部标题栏
///
[Bindable(true)]
public bool IsShowHeader
{
get { return (bool)GetValue(IsShowHeaderProperty); }
set { SetValue(IsShowHeaderProperty, value); }
}
// Using a DependencyProperty as the backing store for IsShowHeader. This enables animation, styling, binding, etc...
public static readonly DependencyProperty IsShowHeaderProperty =
DependencyProperty.Register("IsShowHeader", typeof(bool), typeof(AiWindow), new PropertyMetadata(false));
///
/// 动画类型
///
[Bindable(true)]
public AnimationType Type
{
get { return (AnimationType)GetValue(TypeProperty); }
set { SetValue(TypeProperty, value); }
}
// Using a DependencyProperty as the backing store for Type. This enables animation, styling, binding, etc...
public static readonly DependencyProperty TypeProperty =
DependencyProperty.Register("Type", typeof(AnimationType), typeof(AiWindow), new PropertyMetadata(AnimationType.Default));
///
/// 头部高度
///
public int HeaderHeight
{
get { return (int)GetValue(HeaderHeightProperty); }
set { SetValue(HeaderHeightProperty, value); }
}
// Using a DependencyProperty as the backing store for HeaderHeight. This enables animation, styling, binding, etc...
public static readonly DependencyProperty HeaderHeightProperty =
DependencyProperty.Register("HeaderHeight", typeof(int), typeof(AiWindow), new PropertyMetadata(50));
public override void OnApplyTemplate()
{
base.OnApplyTemplate();
PART_CloseWindowButton = GetTemplateChild("PART_CloseWindowButton") as Button;
PART_MaxWindowButton = GetTemplateChild("PART_MaxWindowButton") as Button;
PART_MinWindowButton = GetTemplateChild("PART_MinWindowButton") as Button;
if (PART_MaxWindowButton != null && PART_MinWindowButton != null && PART_CloseWindowButton != null)
{
PART_MaxWindowButton.Click -= PART_MaxWindowButton_Click;
PART_MinWindowButton.Click -= PART_MinWindowButton_Click;
PART_CloseWindowButton.Click -= PART_CloseWindowButton_Click;
PART_MaxWindowButton.Click += PART_MaxWindowButton_Click;
PART_MinWindowButton.Click += PART_MinWindowButton_Click;
PART_CloseWindowButton.Click += PART_CloseWindowButton_Click;
}
}
private void PART_CloseWindowButton_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
Close();
}
private void PART_MinWindowButton_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
WindowState = WindowState.Minimized;
}
private void PART_MaxWindowButton_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
if (WindowState == WindowState.Normal)
{
WindowState = WindowState.Maximized;
}
else
{
WindowState = WindowState.Normal;
}
}
protected override void OnSourceInitialized(EventArgs e)
{
base.OnSourceInitialized(e);
if (SizeToContent == SizeToContent.WidthAndHeight && WindowChrome.GetWindowChrome(this) != null)
{
InvalidateMeasure();
}
}
}
}
注意:在自定义控件中,设置窗口标题的属性要在样式中进行绑定,所以需要定义为依赖属性。在此控件中用到的通用的类,则存放在Utils中。
在Styles文件夹中,创建样式资源文件【AiWindowStyle.xaml】,并将样式的TargentType指定为Cotrols中创建的自定义类AiWindow。然后修改控件的Template属性,为其定义新的的ControlTemplate,来改变控件的样式。如下所示:
在Themes文件夹中,创建主题资源文件【Generic.xaml】,并在主题资源文件中,引用上述创建的样式资源,如下所示:
主题:主题资源文件,是为了整合一组资源样式,来形成一套主题。同一主题之内,风格统一;不同主题之间相互独立,风格迥异。
在解决方案中,创建WPF应用程序【SmallSixUI.App】,并引用控件库【SmallSixUI.Templates】,如下所示:
在应用程序的启动类App.xaml中,引入主题资源文件,如下所示:
在应用程序中,创建测试窗口【SmallSixWindow.xaml】,添加控件库命名控件【Ai】,并修改窗口的继承类为【AiWindow】,然后设置窗口的背景色,logo,标题等,如下所示:
SmallSixWindow.xaml文件中,如下所示:
SmallSixWindow.xaml.cs中修改继承类,如下所示:
using SmallSixUI.Templates.Controls;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Controls;
using System.Windows.Data;
using System.Windows.Documents;
using System.Windows.Input;
using System.Windows.Media;
using System.Windows.Media.Imaging;
using System.Windows.Shapes;
namespace SmallSixUI.App
{
///
/// XWindow.xaml 的交互逻辑
///
public partial class SmallSixWindow : AiWindow
{
public SmallSixWindow()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
}
}
通过Visual Studio运行程序,如下所示:
普通默认窗口,如下所示:
自定义窗口
应用自定义样式的窗口,如下所示:
以上就是WPF自定义控件库之窗口的全部内容。希望可以抛砖引玉,一起学习,共同进步。