利用 Spring Boot & Redis 实现短链接服务

感谢您的阅读，本文由 杨斌的博客 版权所有。
如若转载，请注明出处：杨斌的博客（https://y0ngb1n.github.io/a/build-a-custom-url-shortener-service.html?utm_source=jianshu）

项目已托管于 GitHub：y0ngb1n/spring-boot-samples，欢迎 Star, Fork :kissing_heart:

---

准备工作

• Spring Boot 2.1.0+
• Redis
• Lombok
• Guava 28.0
• Common Validator 1.6

添加依赖项

pom.xml

    
      org.springframework.boot
      spring-boot-starter-web
    

    
      org.springframework.boot
      spring-boot-starter-data-redis
    

    
      commons-validator
      commons-validator
    

    
      com.google.guava
      guava
    

application.yml

spring:
  # Redis Config
  redis:
    url: 127.0.0.1
    port: 6379
    password: your_password

logging:
  level:
    io.github.y0ngb1n.*: debug

核心代码

/**
 * URL Shortener Resource
 *
 * @author yangbin
 */
@Slf4j
@RestController
@RequestMapping(path = "/v1")
public class UrlShortenerController {

  @Autowired
  StringRedisTemplate redisTemplate;

  @GetMapping(path = "/{id}")
  public String getUrl(@PathVariable String id) {
+   String url = redisTemplate.opsForValue().get(id);
    log.debug("URL Retrieved: {}", url);
    return url;
  }

  @PostMapping
  public String create(@RequestBody String url) {
    UrlValidator urlValidator = new UrlValidator(
      new String[]{"http", "https"}
    );
    if (urlValidator.isValid(url)) {
-     String id = Hashing.murmur3_32().hashString(url, StandardCharsets.UTF_8).toString();
      log.debug("URL Id generated: {}", id);
+     redisTemplate.opsForValue().set(id, url);
      return id;
    }
    throw new RuntimeException("URL Invalid: " + url);
  }
}

使用方式

Step 0: 安装并启动 Redis

# on Windows
scoop install redis
redis-server

# on Mac
brew install redis
redis-server

Step 1: 启动 url-shortener 服务

$ mvn install
...
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
...
$ mvn spring-boot:run
...
2019-08-21 21:03:50.215  INFO 10244 --- [ main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer  : Tomcat started on port(s): 8080 (http) with context path ''
2019-08-21 21:03:50.219  INFO 10244 --- [ main] i.g.y.s.u.UrlShortenerApplication        : Started UrlShortenerApplication in 6.01 seconds (JVM running for 12.165)

Step 2: 生成短链

$ curl -X POST http://127.0.0.1:8080/v1 \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -d https://y0ngb1n.github.io
515bbe2b

Step 3: 还原短链

$ curl -X GET http://127.0.0.1:8080/v1/515bbe2b
https://y0ngb1n.github.io

查看日志

...
2019-08-21 21:42:26.788 DEBUG 10244 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] i.g.y.s.u.c.UrlShortenerController       : URL Id generated: 515bbe2b
2019-08-21 21:42:40.748 DEBUG 10244 --- [nio-8080-exec-3] i.g.y.s.u.c.UrlShortenerController       : URL Retrieved: https://y0ngb1n.github.io

参考资料

• https://youtu.be/Zr0E2VP24w8
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MurmurHash
• https://github.com/google/guava/wiki/HashingExplained
• https://www.flyml.net/2016/09/05/cassandra-tutorial-murmurhash/
• 短网址（Short URL）系统的原理及其实现，by 胡方运
• 如何快速判断某 URL 是否在一个 20 亿的网址 URL 集合中？，by 张振伟
  • 应用场景：黑名单、URL 去重、单词拼写检查、Key-Value 缓存系统的 Key 校验、ID 校验，比如订单系统查询某个订单 ID 是否存在，如果不存在就直接返回
• 谈谈全局唯一 ID 生成方法
• Leaf — 美团点评分布式 ID 生成系统